Table 3
Open in new tab

Cardiac magnetic resonance characteristics of healthy and obese individuals as per the World Health Organization classification

 Healthy (n = 191)Obesity Class I (n = 66)Obesity Class II (n = 34)Obesity Class III (n = 7)P-value
Left heart
 Left atrial end-diastolic volume, mL68 (53–81)83 (70–100)*89 (62–106)*110 (106–137)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial end-systolic volume, mL23 (17–30)31 (23–51)*33 (24–51)*54 (44–79)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial stroke volume, mL43 (34–52)48 (37–58)*49 (38–59)57 (53–67)*0.007
 Left atrial ejection fraction, %65 (60–69)61 (52–67)*60 (52–64)*49 (32–60)*,**<0.0001
 Left atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−33 to −24)−25 (−29 to −16)*−23 (−30 to −18)*−17 (−23 to −9)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL126 (109–150)136 (119–167)*140 (128–164)*141 (119–205)<0.001
 Left ventricular end-systolic volume, mL47 (40–59)53 (41–64)48 (40–67)56 (47–82)0.121
 Left ventricular stroke volume, mL78 (67–88)86 (77–102)*93 (83–109)*96 (73–123)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular mass, g85 (69–108)111 (92–130)*,***130 (111–148)*,**142 (120–175)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (59–65)63 (58–68)66 (61–69)*59 (58–67)0.039
 Left ventricular peak ejection rate, mL/sec382 (318–447)450 (337–516)*423 (389–494)*464 (403–585)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular peak filling rate, mL/sec448 (385–573)465 (363–597)474 (356–592)500 (431–776)0.834
 Left ventricular cardiac output, mL/min4847 (4119–5679)5834 (5153–6937)*6177 (4876–7948)*7064 (5221–7331)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−21 (−24 to −19)−22 (−26 to −20)−23 (−26 to −17)−21 (−25 to −17)0.159
Right heart
 Right atrial end-diastolic volume, mL65 (54–75)76 (52–96)*85 (64–107)*99 (83–107)*<0.0001
 Right atrial end-systolic volume, mL29 (23–38)33 (21–45)38 (33–54)*42 (36–72)*<0.001
 Right atrial stroke volume, mL34 (27–41)39 (30–51)*43 (31–56)*44 (29–53)0.013
 Right atrial ejection fraction, %53 (48–59)52 (47–60)51 (44–57)55 (35–58)0.762
 Right atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−31 to −24)−26 (−31 to −22)*−26 (−30 to −21)−21 (−28 to −12)*0.019
 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL70 (57–86)83 (65–98)*93 (78–115)*96 (91–121)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular end-systolic volume, mL27 (20–35)29 (65–98)35 (28–52)*37 (36–53)*,**<0.001
 Right ventricular stroke volume, mL43 (35–53)53 (40–62)*57 (49–72)*66 (45–75)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (58–67)63 (60–68)61 (56–65)60 (51–66)0.115
 Right ventricular cardiac output, mL/min2644 (2091–3391)3602 (2691–4405)*4030 (2969–5004)*3775 (3150–5079)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−32 (−36 to −29)−31 (−36 to −28)−30 (−35 to −25)−29 (−31 to −23)0.089
 Healthy (n = 191)Obesity Class I (n = 66)Obesity Class II (n = 34)Obesity Class III (n = 7)P-value
Left heart
 Left atrial end-diastolic volume, mL68 (53–81)83 (70–100)*89 (62–106)*110 (106–137)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial end-systolic volume, mL23 (17–30)31 (23–51)*33 (24–51)*54 (44–79)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial stroke volume, mL43 (34–52)48 (37–58)*49 (38–59)57 (53–67)*0.007
 Left atrial ejection fraction, %65 (60–69)61 (52–67)*60 (52–64)*49 (32–60)*,**<0.0001
 Left atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−33 to −24)−25 (−29 to −16)*−23 (−30 to −18)*−17 (−23 to −9)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL126 (109–150)136 (119–167)*140 (128–164)*141 (119–205)<0.001
 Left ventricular end-systolic volume, mL47 (40–59)53 (41–64)48 (40–67)56 (47–82)0.121
 Left ventricular stroke volume, mL78 (67–88)86 (77–102)*93 (83–109)*96 (73–123)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular mass, g85 (69–108)111 (92–130)*,***130 (111–148)*,**142 (120–175)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (59–65)63 (58–68)66 (61–69)*59 (58–67)0.039
 Left ventricular peak ejection rate, mL/sec382 (318–447)450 (337–516)*423 (389–494)*464 (403–585)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular peak filling rate, mL/sec448 (385–573)465 (363–597)474 (356–592)500 (431–776)0.834
 Left ventricular cardiac output, mL/min4847 (4119–5679)5834 (5153–6937)*6177 (4876–7948)*7064 (5221–7331)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−21 (−24 to −19)−22 (−26 to −20)−23 (−26 to −17)−21 (−25 to −17)0.159
Right heart
 Right atrial end-diastolic volume, mL65 (54–75)76 (52–96)*85 (64–107)*99 (83–107)*<0.0001
 Right atrial end-systolic volume, mL29 (23–38)33 (21–45)38 (33–54)*42 (36–72)*<0.001
 Right atrial stroke volume, mL34 (27–41)39 (30–51)*43 (31–56)*44 (29–53)0.013
 Right atrial ejection fraction, %53 (48–59)52 (47–60)51 (44–57)55 (35–58)0.762
 Right atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−31 to −24)−26 (−31 to −22)*−26 (−30 to −21)−21 (−28 to −12)*0.019
 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL70 (57–86)83 (65–98)*93 (78–115)*96 (91–121)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular end-systolic volume, mL27 (20–35)29 (65–98)35 (28–52)*37 (36–53)*,**<0.001
 Right ventricular stroke volume, mL43 (35–53)53 (40–62)*57 (49–72)*66 (45–75)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (58–67)63 (60–68)61 (56–65)60 (51–66)0.115
 Right ventricular cardiac output, mL/min2644 (2091–3391)3602 (2691–4405)*4030 (2969–5004)*3775 (3150–5079)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−32 (−36 to −29)−31 (−36 to −28)−30 (−35 to −25)−29 (−31 to −23)0.089

Data are given as median (25th–75th percentile).

Bold values denote statistical significance. Healthy includes individuals with normal BMI < 25 kg/m2 and free of any metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

*P < 0.05 compared with healthy.

**P < 0.05 compared with obesity Class I.

***P < 0.05 compared with obesity Class II.

Table 3
Open in new tab

Cardiac magnetic resonance characteristics of healthy and obese individuals as per the World Health Organization classification

 Healthy (n = 191)Obesity Class I (n = 66)Obesity Class II (n = 34)Obesity Class III (n = 7)P-value
Left heart
 Left atrial end-diastolic volume, mL68 (53–81)83 (70–100)*89 (62–106)*110 (106–137)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial end-systolic volume, mL23 (17–30)31 (23–51)*33 (24–51)*54 (44–79)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial stroke volume, mL43 (34–52)48 (37–58)*49 (38–59)57 (53–67)*0.007
 Left atrial ejection fraction, %65 (60–69)61 (52–67)*60 (52–64)*49 (32–60)*,**<0.0001
 Left atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−33 to −24)−25 (−29 to −16)*−23 (−30 to −18)*−17 (−23 to −9)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL126 (109–150)136 (119–167)*140 (128–164)*141 (119–205)<0.001
 Left ventricular end-systolic volume, mL47 (40–59)53 (41–64)48 (40–67)56 (47–82)0.121
 Left ventricular stroke volume, mL78 (67–88)86 (77–102)*93 (83–109)*96 (73–123)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular mass, g85 (69–108)111 (92–130)*,***130 (111–148)*,**142 (120–175)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (59–65)63 (58–68)66 (61–69)*59 (58–67)0.039
 Left ventricular peak ejection rate, mL/sec382 (318–447)450 (337–516)*423 (389–494)*464 (403–585)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular peak filling rate, mL/sec448 (385–573)465 (363–597)474 (356–592)500 (431–776)0.834
 Left ventricular cardiac output, mL/min4847 (4119–5679)5834 (5153–6937)*6177 (4876–7948)*7064 (5221–7331)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−21 (−24 to −19)−22 (−26 to −20)−23 (−26 to −17)−21 (−25 to −17)0.159
Right heart
 Right atrial end-diastolic volume, mL65 (54–75)76 (52–96)*85 (64–107)*99 (83–107)*<0.0001
 Right atrial end-systolic volume, mL29 (23–38)33 (21–45)38 (33–54)*42 (36–72)*<0.001
 Right atrial stroke volume, mL34 (27–41)39 (30–51)*43 (31–56)*44 (29–53)0.013
 Right atrial ejection fraction, %53 (48–59)52 (47–60)51 (44–57)55 (35–58)0.762
 Right atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−31 to −24)−26 (−31 to −22)*−26 (−30 to −21)−21 (−28 to −12)*0.019
 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL70 (57–86)83 (65–98)*93 (78–115)*96 (91–121)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular end-systolic volume, mL27 (20–35)29 (65–98)35 (28–52)*37 (36–53)*,**<0.001
 Right ventricular stroke volume, mL43 (35–53)53 (40–62)*57 (49–72)*66 (45–75)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (58–67)63 (60–68)61 (56–65)60 (51–66)0.115
 Right ventricular cardiac output, mL/min2644 (2091–3391)3602 (2691–4405)*4030 (2969–5004)*3775 (3150–5079)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−32 (−36 to −29)−31 (−36 to −28)−30 (−35 to −25)−29 (−31 to −23)0.089
 Healthy (n = 191)Obesity Class I (n = 66)Obesity Class II (n = 34)Obesity Class III (n = 7)P-value
Left heart
 Left atrial end-diastolic volume, mL68 (53–81)83 (70–100)*89 (62–106)*110 (106–137)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial end-systolic volume, mL23 (17–30)31 (23–51)*33 (24–51)*54 (44–79)*,**,***<0.0001
 Left atrial stroke volume, mL43 (34–52)48 (37–58)*49 (38–59)57 (53–67)*0.007
 Left atrial ejection fraction, %65 (60–69)61 (52–67)*60 (52–64)*49 (32–60)*,**<0.0001
 Left atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−33 to −24)−25 (−29 to −16)*−23 (−30 to −18)*−17 (−23 to −9)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL126 (109–150)136 (119–167)*140 (128–164)*141 (119–205)<0.001
 Left ventricular end-systolic volume, mL47 (40–59)53 (41–64)48 (40–67)56 (47–82)0.121
 Left ventricular stroke volume, mL78 (67–88)86 (77–102)*93 (83–109)*96 (73–123)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular mass, g85 (69–108)111 (92–130)*,***130 (111–148)*,**142 (120–175)*,**<0.0001
 Left ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (59–65)63 (58–68)66 (61–69)*59 (58–67)0.039
 Left ventricular peak ejection rate, mL/sec382 (318–447)450 (337–516)*423 (389–494)*464 (403–585)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular peak filling rate, mL/sec448 (385–573)465 (363–597)474 (356–592)500 (431–776)0.834
 Left ventricular cardiac output, mL/min4847 (4119–5679)5834 (5153–6937)*6177 (4876–7948)*7064 (5221–7331)*<0.0001
 Left ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−21 (−24 to −19)−22 (−26 to −20)−23 (−26 to −17)−21 (−25 to −17)0.159
Right heart
 Right atrial end-diastolic volume, mL65 (54–75)76 (52–96)*85 (64–107)*99 (83–107)*<0.0001
 Right atrial end-systolic volume, mL29 (23–38)33 (21–45)38 (33–54)*42 (36–72)*<0.001
 Right atrial stroke volume, mL34 (27–41)39 (30–51)*43 (31–56)*44 (29–53)0.013
 Right atrial ejection fraction, %53 (48–59)52 (47–60)51 (44–57)55 (35–58)0.762
 Right atrial global longitudinal strain, %−28 (−31 to −24)−26 (−31 to −22)*−26 (−30 to −21)−21 (−28 to −12)*0.019
 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL70 (57–86)83 (65–98)*93 (78–115)*96 (91–121)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular end-systolic volume, mL27 (20–35)29 (65–98)35 (28–52)*37 (36–53)*,**<0.001
 Right ventricular stroke volume, mL43 (35–53)53 (40–62)*57 (49–72)*66 (45–75)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular ejection fraction, %62 (58–67)63 (60–68)61 (56–65)60 (51–66)0.115
 Right ventricular cardiac output, mL/min2644 (2091–3391)3602 (2691–4405)*4030 (2969–5004)*3775 (3150–5079)*<0.0001
 Right ventricular global longitudinal strain, %−32 (−36 to −29)−31 (−36 to −28)−30 (−35 to −25)−29 (−31 to −23)0.089

Data are given as median (25th–75th percentile).

Bold values denote statistical significance. Healthy includes individuals with normal BMI < 25 kg/m2 and free of any metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

*P < 0.05 compared with healthy.

**P < 0.05 compared with obesity Class I.

***P < 0.05 compared with obesity Class II.

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