Table 1
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Study demographics of healthy and unhealthy individuals

DemographicsHealthy (n = 191)Unhealthy (n = 366)P-value
Age, years34 (25–46)53 (36–66)<0.0001
Female sex, n (%)105 (55)157 (43)0.007
Body mass index, kg/m221 (20–23)27 (25–31)<0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)0 (0)54 (15)<0.0001
Hypertension, n (%)0 (0)79 (22)<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)0 (0)41 (11)<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)0 (0)23 (6)<0.0001
Myocardial infarction, n (%)0 (0)22 (6)<0.001
DemographicsHealthy (n = 191)Unhealthy (n = 366)P-value
Age, years34 (25–46)53 (36–66)<0.0001
Female sex, n (%)105 (55)157 (43)0.007
Body mass index, kg/m221 (20–23)27 (25–31)<0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)0 (0)54 (15)<0.0001
Hypertension, n (%)0 (0)79 (22)<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)0 (0)41 (11)<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)0 (0)23 (6)<0.0001
Myocardial infarction, n (%)0 (0)22 (6)<0.001

Data are given as median (25th–75th percentile), a Mann–Whitney test.

Healthy includes individuals with normal BMI < 25 kg/m2 and free of any metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease. Unhealthy includes patients with one or more comorbidities: overweight and obese (BMI >25 kg/m2), atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia.

Table 1
Open in new tab

Study demographics of healthy and unhealthy individuals

DemographicsHealthy (n = 191)Unhealthy (n = 366)P-value
Age, years34 (25–46)53 (36–66)<0.0001
Female sex, n (%)105 (55)157 (43)0.007
Body mass index, kg/m221 (20–23)27 (25–31)<0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)0 (0)54 (15)<0.0001
Hypertension, n (%)0 (0)79 (22)<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)0 (0)41 (11)<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)0 (0)23 (6)<0.0001
Myocardial infarction, n (%)0 (0)22 (6)<0.001
DemographicsHealthy (n = 191)Unhealthy (n = 366)P-value
Age, years34 (25–46)53 (36–66)<0.0001
Female sex, n (%)105 (55)157 (43)0.007
Body mass index, kg/m221 (20–23)27 (25–31)<0.0001
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)0 (0)54 (15)<0.0001
Hypertension, n (%)0 (0)79 (22)<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)0 (0)41 (11)<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)0 (0)23 (6)<0.0001
Myocardial infarction, n (%)0 (0)22 (6)<0.001

Data are given as median (25th–75th percentile), a Mann–Whitney test.

Healthy includes individuals with normal BMI < 25 kg/m2 and free of any metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease. Unhealthy includes patients with one or more comorbidities: overweight and obese (BMI >25 kg/m2), atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia.

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