Table 2. Open in new tab Behavioral...

Stage	Exhibited behavior
Induction
Stage A1	Loss of equilibrium to some extent, vigorous movement activity in the first seconds after exposure to clove oil, loss of righting reflex, and lack of response to external stimulation (after touching the crab with a pipette tip).
Stage A2	Imbalance swimming and loss of a large part of reactivity to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility; at times, some of the crabs remained still for many seconds and then started to walk slowly.
Stage A3	Total loss of equilibrium and movement, no response to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility, absence of limb withdrawal when pressure was applied with forceps, and a relaxed abdominal flap. The crabs began to turn vertically at this stage, with the mouth raised to the water’s surface. The crabs either maintained this position or turned onto their backs.
Recovery
Stage R1	Behavioral recovery was observed to some extent. Crabs regained equilibrium but not wholly; when put on their backs in the recovery tank, crabs remained motionless for several seconds, usually with deflexed aprons.
Stage R2	Body and appendage movements, reaction to stimuli, normal swimming, and normal respiratory rate.
Stage R3	Complete equilibrium and total behavioral recovery, regaining of righting reflex and right position, defensive response; crabs began to exhibit normal swimming behavior in the container. When the anesthetic was eliminated, the crabs returned to their normal state.

Stage

Exhibited behavior

Induction

Stage A1

Loss of equilibrium to some extent, vigorous movement activity in the first seconds after exposure to clove oil, loss of righting reflex, and lack of response to external stimulation (after touching the crab with a pipette tip).

Stage A2

Imbalance swimming and loss of a large part of reactivity to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility; at times, some of the crabs remained still for many seconds and then started to walk slowly.

Stage A3

Total loss of equilibrium and movement, no response to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility, absence of limb withdrawal when pressure was applied with forceps, and a relaxed abdominal flap. The crabs began to turn vertically at this stage, with the mouth raised to the water’s surface. The crabs either maintained this position or turned onto their backs.

Recovery

Stage R1

Behavioral recovery was observed to some extent. Crabs regained equilibrium but not wholly; when put on their backs in the recovery tank, crabs remained motionless for several seconds, usually with deflexed aprons.

Stage R2

Body and appendage movements, reaction to stimuli, normal swimming, and normal respiratory rate.

Stage R3

Complete equilibrium and total behavioral recovery, regaining of righting reflex and right position, defensive response; crabs began to exhibit normal swimming behavior in the container. When the anesthetic was eliminated, the crabs returned to their normal state.

Stage	Exhibited behavior
Induction
Stage A1	Loss of equilibrium to some extent, vigorous movement activity in the first seconds after exposure to clove oil, loss of righting reflex, and lack of response to external stimulation (after touching the crab with a pipette tip).
Stage A2	Imbalance swimming and loss of a large part of reactivity to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility; at times, some of the crabs remained still for many seconds and then started to walk slowly.
Stage A3	Total loss of equilibrium and movement, no response to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility, absence of limb withdrawal when pressure was applied with forceps, and a relaxed abdominal flap. The crabs began to turn vertically at this stage, with the mouth raised to the water’s surface. The crabs either maintained this position or turned onto their backs.
Recovery
Stage R1	Behavioral recovery was observed to some extent. Crabs regained equilibrium but not wholly; when put on their backs in the recovery tank, crabs remained motionless for several seconds, usually with deflexed aprons.
Stage R2	Body and appendage movements, reaction to stimuli, normal swimming, and normal respiratory rate.
Stage R3	Complete equilibrium and total behavioral recovery, regaining of righting reflex and right position, defensive response; crabs began to exhibit normal swimming behavior in the container. When the anesthetic was eliminated, the crabs returned to their normal state.

Table 2.

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Behavioral observations of different anesthesia stages during clove oil efficacy tests in blue swimming crabs. To ensure accuracy, crabs were carefully monitored in anesthetic tanks. The anesthesia (A) and recovery (R) phases are meticulously summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the observed behaviors.

Stage	Exhibited behavior
Induction
Stage A1	Loss of equilibrium to some extent, vigorous movement activity in the first seconds after exposure to clove oil, loss of righting reflex, and lack of response to external stimulation (after touching the crab with a pipette tip).
Stage A2	Imbalance swimming and loss of a large part of reactivity to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility; at times, some of the crabs remained still for many seconds and then started to walk slowly.
Stage A3	Total loss of equilibrium and movement, no response to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility, absence of limb withdrawal when pressure was applied with forceps, and a relaxed abdominal flap. The crabs began to turn vertically at this stage, with the mouth raised to the water’s surface. The crabs either maintained this position or turned onto their backs.
Recovery
Stage R1	Behavioral recovery was observed to some extent. Crabs regained equilibrium but not wholly; when put on their backs in the recovery tank, crabs remained motionless for several seconds, usually with deflexed aprons.
Stage R2	Body and appendage movements, reaction to stimuli, normal swimming, and normal respiratory rate.
Stage R3	Complete equilibrium and total behavioral recovery, regaining of righting reflex and right position, defensive response; crabs began to exhibit normal swimming behavior in the container. When the anesthetic was eliminated, the crabs returned to their normal state.

Stage	Exhibited behavior
Induction
Stage A1	Loss of equilibrium to some extent, vigorous movement activity in the first seconds after exposure to clove oil, loss of righting reflex, and lack of response to external stimulation (after touching the crab with a pipette tip).
Stage A2	Imbalance swimming and loss of a large part of reactivity to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility; at times, some of the crabs remained still for many seconds and then started to walk slowly.
Stage A3	Total loss of equilibrium and movement, no response to external stimuli, slow and irregular limb mobility, absence of limb withdrawal when pressure was applied with forceps, and a relaxed abdominal flap. The crabs began to turn vertically at this stage, with the mouth raised to the water’s surface. The crabs either maintained this position or turned onto their backs.
Recovery
Stage R1	Behavioral recovery was observed to some extent. Crabs regained equilibrium but not wholly; when put on their backs in the recovery tank, crabs remained motionless for several seconds, usually with deflexed aprons.
Stage R2	Body and appendage movements, reaction to stimuli, normal swimming, and normal respiratory rate.
Stage R3	Complete equilibrium and total behavioral recovery, regaining of righting reflex and right position, defensive response; crabs began to exhibit normal swimming behavior in the container. When the anesthetic was eliminated, the crabs returned to their normal state.

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