| . | Training: ENIGMA-PD . | Test: PPMI . | P-valuea . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Healthy Controls . | Parkinson’s disease . | Parkinson’s disease . | |
| Number, n | 505 | 1100 | 584 | <0.0001 |
| % Female | 48.9 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 0.52 |
| Age, years ± SD | 61.1 ± 10.5 | 63.1 ± 9.3 | 63.1 ± 9.5 | 0.45 |
| Age of Onset, years ± SD (n) | – | 56.5 ± 10.9 (717) | 62.0 ± 9.6 (571) | 1.00 |
| Disease duration, years ± SD (n) | – | 7.4 ± 5.5 (871) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (571) | <0.0001 |
| Mean follow-up duration, years ± SD (n) | – | – | 4.3 ± 3.6 (584) | – |
| Education, years ± SD (n) | 16.1 ± 2.4 (18) | 14.4 ± 3.8 (36) | 14.1 ± 3.1 (12) | 0.31 |
| Hoehn and Yahr Stage, median [MAD] (n) | – | 2.0 [0.0] (730) | 2.0 [0.0] (580) | <0.0001 |
| MoCA, mean ± SD (n) | 27.9 ± 1.6 (138) | 23.6 ± 4.9 (588) | 26.9 ± 2.6 (573) | 1.00 |
| Total Motor Score (MDS-UPDRS-III), mean ± SD (n) | 1.2 ± 1.9 (8) | 31.6 ± 14.7 (118) | 22.2 ± 10.0 (579) | <0.0001 |
| . | Training: ENIGMA-PD . | Test: PPMI . | P-valuea . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Healthy Controls . | Parkinson’s disease . | Parkinson’s disease . | |
| Number, n | 505 | 1100 | 584 | <0.0001 |
| % Female | 48.9 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 0.52 |
| Age, years ± SD | 61.1 ± 10.5 | 63.1 ± 9.3 | 63.1 ± 9.5 | 0.45 |
| Age of Onset, years ± SD (n) | – | 56.5 ± 10.9 (717) | 62.0 ± 9.6 (571) | 1.00 |
| Disease duration, years ± SD (n) | – | 7.4 ± 5.5 (871) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (571) | <0.0001 |
| Mean follow-up duration, years ± SD (n) | – | – | 4.3 ± 3.6 (584) | – |
| Education, years ± SD (n) | 16.1 ± 2.4 (18) | 14.4 ± 3.8 (36) | 14.1 ± 3.1 (12) | 0.31 |
| Hoehn and Yahr Stage, median [MAD] (n) | – | 2.0 [0.0] (730) | 2.0 [0.0] (580) | <0.0001 |
| MoCA, mean ± SD (n) | 27.9 ± 1.6 (138) | 23.6 ± 4.9 (588) | 26.9 ± 2.6 (573) | 1.00 |
| Total Motor Score (MDS-UPDRS-III), mean ± SD (n) | 1.2 ± 1.9 (8) | 31.6 ± 14.7 (118) | 22.2 ± 10.0 (579) | <0.0001 |
aP-values from statistical tests comparing the Parkinson’s disease groups from each dataset. Bolded text indicates a P-value ≤ 0.05. Mann–Whitney U test for all, apart from ‘Number’, % Female, and ‘Hoehn and Yahr Stage’, which were obtained with a Pearson’s χ2.
ENIGMA-PD, Enhancing Neuroimaging through Meta-Analysis consortium Parkinson’s Disease; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PPMI, Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative; SD, standard deviation; MAD, median absolute deviation.
| . | Training: ENIGMA-PD . | Test: PPMI . | P-valuea . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Healthy Controls . | Parkinson’s disease . | Parkinson’s disease . | |
| Number, n | 505 | 1100 | 584 | <0.0001 |
| % Female | 48.9 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 0.52 |
| Age, years ± SD | 61.1 ± 10.5 | 63.1 ± 9.3 | 63.1 ± 9.5 | 0.45 |
| Age of Onset, years ± SD (n) | – | 56.5 ± 10.9 (717) | 62.0 ± 9.6 (571) | 1.00 |
| Disease duration, years ± SD (n) | – | 7.4 ± 5.5 (871) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (571) | <0.0001 |
| Mean follow-up duration, years ± SD (n) | – | – | 4.3 ± 3.6 (584) | – |
| Education, years ± SD (n) | 16.1 ± 2.4 (18) | 14.4 ± 3.8 (36) | 14.1 ± 3.1 (12) | 0.31 |
| Hoehn and Yahr Stage, median [MAD] (n) | – | 2.0 [0.0] (730) | 2.0 [0.0] (580) | <0.0001 |
| MoCA, mean ± SD (n) | 27.9 ± 1.6 (138) | 23.6 ± 4.9 (588) | 26.9 ± 2.6 (573) | 1.00 |
| Total Motor Score (MDS-UPDRS-III), mean ± SD (n) | 1.2 ± 1.9 (8) | 31.6 ± 14.7 (118) | 22.2 ± 10.0 (579) | <0.0001 |
| . | Training: ENIGMA-PD . | Test: PPMI . | P-valuea . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Healthy Controls . | Parkinson’s disease . | Parkinson’s disease . | |
| Number, n | 505 | 1100 | 584 | <0.0001 |
| % Female | 48.9 | 37.6 | 39.4 | 0.52 |
| Age, years ± SD | 61.1 ± 10.5 | 63.1 ± 9.3 | 63.1 ± 9.5 | 0.45 |
| Age of Onset, years ± SD (n) | – | 56.5 ± 10.9 (717) | 62.0 ± 9.6 (571) | 1.00 |
| Disease duration, years ± SD (n) | – | 7.4 ± 5.5 (871) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (571) | <0.0001 |
| Mean follow-up duration, years ± SD (n) | – | – | 4.3 ± 3.6 (584) | – |
| Education, years ± SD (n) | 16.1 ± 2.4 (18) | 14.4 ± 3.8 (36) | 14.1 ± 3.1 (12) | 0.31 |
| Hoehn and Yahr Stage, median [MAD] (n) | – | 2.0 [0.0] (730) | 2.0 [0.0] (580) | <0.0001 |
| MoCA, mean ± SD (n) | 27.9 ± 1.6 (138) | 23.6 ± 4.9 (588) | 26.9 ± 2.6 (573) | 1.00 |
| Total Motor Score (MDS-UPDRS-III), mean ± SD (n) | 1.2 ± 1.9 (8) | 31.6 ± 14.7 (118) | 22.2 ± 10.0 (579) | <0.0001 |
aP-values from statistical tests comparing the Parkinson’s disease groups from each dataset. Bolded text indicates a P-value ≤ 0.05. Mann–Whitney U test for all, apart from ‘Number’, % Female, and ‘Hoehn and Yahr Stage’, which were obtained with a Pearson’s χ2.
ENIGMA-PD, Enhancing Neuroimaging through Meta-Analysis consortium Parkinson’s Disease; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PPMI, Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative; SD, standard deviation; MAD, median absolute deviation.
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