Table 5 Open in new tab Estimates of...

Frailty

Sarcopenia

Frailty + Sarcopenia

Relative Risk (95% CI)

Time, years

1.10 (0.82–1.47)

1.27 (0.94–1.73)

1.17 (0.86–1.59)

Unintentional weight loss

Reference

Yes

0.98 (0.95–1.02)

Exhaustion

Reference

Yes

1.08 (1.02–1.12)^**

1.08 (1.04–1.12)^**

Weakness

Reference

Yes

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

Slowness

Reference

Yes

1.08 (1.05–1.12)^**

1.04 (1.01–1.08)*

Low physical activity level

Reference

Yes

1.09 (1.05–1.13)^**

1.07 (1.03–1.11)^**

Muscle strength

Normal

Reference

Low

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

0.98 (0.94–1.02)

Skeletal muscle mass index

≥9.36/6.73 kg/m²

Reference

<9.36/6.73 kg/m²

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.99 (0.92–1.05)

Physical performance

>0.8 m/s

Reference

≤0.8 m/s

1.19 (1.15–1.24)^**

1.14 (1.09–1.19)^**

Table 5

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Estimates of Poisson mixed models as a function of components of frailty phenotype and sarcopenia for the incidence of disability on IADL in 3,696 participants over an 8-year follow-up (2004–2012).

	Frailty	Sarcopenia	Frailty + Sarcopenia
	Relative Risk (95% CI)	Relative Risk (95% CI)	Relative Risk (95% CI)
Time, years	1.10 (0.82–1.47)	1.27 (0.94–1.73)	1.17 (0.86–1.59)
Unintentional weight loss
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.98 (0.95–1.02)		0.98 (0.95–1.02)
Exhaustion
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.08 (1.02–1.12)^**		1.08 (1.04–1.12)^**
Weakness
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.03 (0.99–1.07)		1.03 (0.99–1.07)
Slowness
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.08 (1.05–1.12)^**		1.04 (1.01–1.08)*
Low physical activity level
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.09 (1.05–1.13)^**		1.07 (1.03–1.11)^**
Muscle strength
Normal		Reference	Reference
Low		1.02 (0.99–1.06)	0.98 (0.94–1.02)
Skeletal muscle mass index
≥9.36/6.73 kg/m²		Reference	Reference
<9.36/6.73 kg/m²		0.99 (0.94–1.05)	0.99 (0.92–1.05)
Physical performance
>0.8 m/s		Reference	Reference
≤0.8 m/s		1.19 (1.15–1.24)^**	1.14 (1.09–1.19)^**

	Frailty	Sarcopenia	Frailty + Sarcopenia
	Relative Risk (95% CI)	Relative Risk (95% CI)	Relative Risk (95% CI)
Time, years	1.10 (0.82–1.47)	1.27 (0.94–1.73)	1.17 (0.86–1.59)
Unintentional weight loss
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.98 (0.95–1.02)		0.98 (0.95–1.02)
Exhaustion
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.08 (1.02–1.12)^**		1.08 (1.04–1.12)^**
Weakness
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.03 (0.99–1.07)		1.03 (0.99–1.07)
Slowness
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.08 (1.05–1.12)^**		1.04 (1.01–1.08)*
Low physical activity level
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.09 (1.05–1.13)^**		1.07 (1.03–1.11)^**
Muscle strength
Normal		Reference	Reference
Low		1.02 (0.99–1.06)	0.98 (0.94–1.02)
Skeletal muscle mass index
≥9.36/6.73 kg/m²		Reference	Reference
<9.36/6.73 kg/m²		0.99 (0.94–1.05)	0.99 (0.92–1.05)
Physical performance
>0.8 m/s		Reference	Reference
≤0.8 m/s		1.19 (1.15–1.24)^**	1.14 (1.09–1.19)^**

Note: CI: confidence intervals; BADL: Basic Activities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; Models adjusted by age, sex, race, marital status, total family wealth, schooling, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity level, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, falls, depressive symptoms. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.001.

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