| Study . | Interventiona . | Controla . | Description of the orthogeriatric care model . | Domains of intervention . | Timing of intervention . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to surgery . | Medical . | Fall & fracture assessment . | Functional (physiotherapy) . | Nursing care . | Nutrition . | Mental health/cognition . | Discharge planning . | Preoperative . | Postoperative . | Post-discharge . | ||||
| Blauth (2021) | Geriatric fracture centre | Usual care Centre | Interdisciplinary care or ‘geriatric fracture centres’ (GFC). GFCs had predefined treatment paths for older trauma patients, providing a fast track in the emergency department, facilitating daily communication among specialists, ensuring regular preoperative and postoperative visits by a geriatrician, and supporting daily physiotherapy and access to social workers. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Flikweert (2021) | Comprehensive multidisciplinary care pathway | Usual care | The comprehensive care pathway includes multidisciplinary collaboration among trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and geriatricians. It features a shared preoperative workup protocol and perioperative anaesthesiological risk assessment. Surgery is scheduled at 8 a.m. the day after admission, allowing patients to eat until midnight, with postoperative care coordinated with physical therapists and nursing home physicians, and a follow-up at a specialised outpatient clinic 6 months post-surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Gao (2023) | Orthogeriatric co-management | Traditional consultation | Upon admission, patients entered an orthogeriatric ward co-managed by orthopaedic and geriatric doctors, focusing on early operation (<48 h), comorbidity evaluation and management, secondary fracture prevention, pressure sore prevention, physical therapy and early discharge. Geriatricians handled preoperative evaluation, comorbidity management, prevention of postoperative complications and secondary fracture prevention, while orthopaedic surgeons prepared and executed the surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Prestmo (2015) | Comprehensive geriatric care | Orthopaedic care | The clinical pathway emphasises a systematic and interdisciplinary approach before and after surgery, including comprehensive medical assessment and treatment. It focuses on somatic health (comorbidity management, drug regimen review, pain, nutrition, etc.), mental health and function, with early initiation of rehabilitation and discharge planning. The comprehensive geriatric care unit also maintained a higher staff-to-bed ratio compared to the orthopaedic care unit. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Shyu A (2005, 2010) | Interdisciplinary intervention programme | Usual care | This programme included geriatric consultation services, a continuous rehabilitation programme and discharge-planning services. Geriatric consultations aimed to detect medical and functional problems, reduce surgery delays and provide recommendations on surgery timing and postoperative management. The rehabilitation programme offered early postoperative rehabilitation and at-home exercises, while discharge planning ensured the continuity of care with necessary referrals and follow-up monitoring. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Shyu B (2013) | Interdisciplinary comprehensive care programme | Usual care | Builds upon the previously mentioned model (Shyu A). Integrates the components of the subacute care model with additional health-maintenance interventions, including systematic fall-risk assessments, nutritional consultations and depression screening and management. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Lizaur-Utrilla (2014) | Comanagement | Usual care | The shared acute care programme for hip fracture patients involves preoperative and postoperative care managed by orthopaedic surgeons and a team of internal medicine specialists. This includes educating healthcare professionals, ensuring rapid administrative transitions and providing daily assistance, along with discharge planning. Medical intervention focuses on stabilising comorbidities, preventing and treating complications, and providing standardised nursing care and physiotherapy. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Kalmet (2019) | Multidisciplinary clinical pathway | Usual care | The multidisciplinary clinical pathway encompasses patient care from the emergency department to discharge to a rehabilitation unit or nursing home, involving an orthopaedic trauma surgeon, a geriatrician, an anaesthesiologist and a physiotherapist. The team aims to perform surgical treatment within 24 h of admission and achieve discharge within 4 days, with agreements for transferring patients to rehabilitation facilities. The postoperative protocol emphasises early mobilisation and full weight bearing. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Study . | Interventiona . | Controla . | Description of the orthogeriatric care model . | Domains of intervention . | Timing of intervention . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to surgery . | Medical . | Fall & fracture assessment . | Functional (physiotherapy) . | Nursing care . | Nutrition . | Mental health/cognition . | Discharge planning . | Preoperative . | Postoperative . | Post-discharge . | ||||
| Blauth (2021) | Geriatric fracture centre | Usual care Centre | Interdisciplinary care or ‘geriatric fracture centres’ (GFC). GFCs had predefined treatment paths for older trauma patients, providing a fast track in the emergency department, facilitating daily communication among specialists, ensuring regular preoperative and postoperative visits by a geriatrician, and supporting daily physiotherapy and access to social workers. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Flikweert (2021) | Comprehensive multidisciplinary care pathway | Usual care | The comprehensive care pathway includes multidisciplinary collaboration among trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and geriatricians. It features a shared preoperative workup protocol and perioperative anaesthesiological risk assessment. Surgery is scheduled at 8 a.m. the day after admission, allowing patients to eat until midnight, with postoperative care coordinated with physical therapists and nursing home physicians, and a follow-up at a specialised outpatient clinic 6 months post-surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Gao (2023) | Orthogeriatric co-management | Traditional consultation | Upon admission, patients entered an orthogeriatric ward co-managed by orthopaedic and geriatric doctors, focusing on early operation (<48 h), comorbidity evaluation and management, secondary fracture prevention, pressure sore prevention, physical therapy and early discharge. Geriatricians handled preoperative evaluation, comorbidity management, prevention of postoperative complications and secondary fracture prevention, while orthopaedic surgeons prepared and executed the surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Prestmo (2015) | Comprehensive geriatric care | Orthopaedic care | The clinical pathway emphasises a systematic and interdisciplinary approach before and after surgery, including comprehensive medical assessment and treatment. It focuses on somatic health (comorbidity management, drug regimen review, pain, nutrition, etc.), mental health and function, with early initiation of rehabilitation and discharge planning. The comprehensive geriatric care unit also maintained a higher staff-to-bed ratio compared to the orthopaedic care unit. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Shyu A (2005, 2010) | Interdisciplinary intervention programme | Usual care | This programme included geriatric consultation services, a continuous rehabilitation programme and discharge-planning services. Geriatric consultations aimed to detect medical and functional problems, reduce surgery delays and provide recommendations on surgery timing and postoperative management. The rehabilitation programme offered early postoperative rehabilitation and at-home exercises, while discharge planning ensured the continuity of care with necessary referrals and follow-up monitoring. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Shyu B (2013) | Interdisciplinary comprehensive care programme | Usual care | Builds upon the previously mentioned model (Shyu A). Integrates the components of the subacute care model with additional health-maintenance interventions, including systematic fall-risk assessments, nutritional consultations and depression screening and management. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Lizaur-Utrilla (2014) | Comanagement | Usual care | The shared acute care programme for hip fracture patients involves preoperative and postoperative care managed by orthopaedic surgeons and a team of internal medicine specialists. This includes educating healthcare professionals, ensuring rapid administrative transitions and providing daily assistance, along with discharge planning. Medical intervention focuses on stabilising comorbidities, preventing and treating complications, and providing standardised nursing care and physiotherapy. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Kalmet (2019) | Multidisciplinary clinical pathway | Usual care | The multidisciplinary clinical pathway encompasses patient care from the emergency department to discharge to a rehabilitation unit or nursing home, involving an orthopaedic trauma surgeon, a geriatrician, an anaesthesiologist and a physiotherapist. The team aims to perform surgical treatment within 24 h of admission and achieve discharge within 4 days, with agreements for transferring patients to rehabilitation facilities. The postoperative protocol emphasises early mobilisation and full weight bearing. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
aAs described in the article.
| Study . | Interventiona . | Controla . | Description of the orthogeriatric care model . | Domains of intervention . | Timing of intervention . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to surgery . | Medical . | Fall & fracture assessment . | Functional (physiotherapy) . | Nursing care . | Nutrition . | Mental health/cognition . | Discharge planning . | Preoperative . | Postoperative . | Post-discharge . | ||||
| Blauth (2021) | Geriatric fracture centre | Usual care Centre | Interdisciplinary care or ‘geriatric fracture centres’ (GFC). GFCs had predefined treatment paths for older trauma patients, providing a fast track in the emergency department, facilitating daily communication among specialists, ensuring regular preoperative and postoperative visits by a geriatrician, and supporting daily physiotherapy and access to social workers. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Flikweert (2021) | Comprehensive multidisciplinary care pathway | Usual care | The comprehensive care pathway includes multidisciplinary collaboration among trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and geriatricians. It features a shared preoperative workup protocol and perioperative anaesthesiological risk assessment. Surgery is scheduled at 8 a.m. the day after admission, allowing patients to eat until midnight, with postoperative care coordinated with physical therapists and nursing home physicians, and a follow-up at a specialised outpatient clinic 6 months post-surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Gao (2023) | Orthogeriatric co-management | Traditional consultation | Upon admission, patients entered an orthogeriatric ward co-managed by orthopaedic and geriatric doctors, focusing on early operation (<48 h), comorbidity evaluation and management, secondary fracture prevention, pressure sore prevention, physical therapy and early discharge. Geriatricians handled preoperative evaluation, comorbidity management, prevention of postoperative complications and secondary fracture prevention, while orthopaedic surgeons prepared and executed the surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Prestmo (2015) | Comprehensive geriatric care | Orthopaedic care | The clinical pathway emphasises a systematic and interdisciplinary approach before and after surgery, including comprehensive medical assessment and treatment. It focuses on somatic health (comorbidity management, drug regimen review, pain, nutrition, etc.), mental health and function, with early initiation of rehabilitation and discharge planning. The comprehensive geriatric care unit also maintained a higher staff-to-bed ratio compared to the orthopaedic care unit. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Shyu A (2005, 2010) | Interdisciplinary intervention programme | Usual care | This programme included geriatric consultation services, a continuous rehabilitation programme and discharge-planning services. Geriatric consultations aimed to detect medical and functional problems, reduce surgery delays and provide recommendations on surgery timing and postoperative management. The rehabilitation programme offered early postoperative rehabilitation and at-home exercises, while discharge planning ensured the continuity of care with necessary referrals and follow-up monitoring. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Shyu B (2013) | Interdisciplinary comprehensive care programme | Usual care | Builds upon the previously mentioned model (Shyu A). Integrates the components of the subacute care model with additional health-maintenance interventions, including systematic fall-risk assessments, nutritional consultations and depression screening and management. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Lizaur-Utrilla (2014) | Comanagement | Usual care | The shared acute care programme for hip fracture patients involves preoperative and postoperative care managed by orthopaedic surgeons and a team of internal medicine specialists. This includes educating healthcare professionals, ensuring rapid administrative transitions and providing daily assistance, along with discharge planning. Medical intervention focuses on stabilising comorbidities, preventing and treating complications, and providing standardised nursing care and physiotherapy. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Kalmet (2019) | Multidisciplinary clinical pathway | Usual care | The multidisciplinary clinical pathway encompasses patient care from the emergency department to discharge to a rehabilitation unit or nursing home, involving an orthopaedic trauma surgeon, a geriatrician, an anaesthesiologist and a physiotherapist. The team aims to perform surgical treatment within 24 h of admission and achieve discharge within 4 days, with agreements for transferring patients to rehabilitation facilities. The postoperative protocol emphasises early mobilisation and full weight bearing. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Study . | Interventiona . | Controla . | Description of the orthogeriatric care model . | Domains of intervention . | Timing of intervention . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to surgery . | Medical . | Fall & fracture assessment . | Functional (physiotherapy) . | Nursing care . | Nutrition . | Mental health/cognition . | Discharge planning . | Preoperative . | Postoperative . | Post-discharge . | ||||
| Blauth (2021) | Geriatric fracture centre | Usual care Centre | Interdisciplinary care or ‘geriatric fracture centres’ (GFC). GFCs had predefined treatment paths for older trauma patients, providing a fast track in the emergency department, facilitating daily communication among specialists, ensuring regular preoperative and postoperative visits by a geriatrician, and supporting daily physiotherapy and access to social workers. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Flikweert (2021) | Comprehensive multidisciplinary care pathway | Usual care | The comprehensive care pathway includes multidisciplinary collaboration among trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and geriatricians. It features a shared preoperative workup protocol and perioperative anaesthesiological risk assessment. Surgery is scheduled at 8 a.m. the day after admission, allowing patients to eat until midnight, with postoperative care coordinated with physical therapists and nursing home physicians, and a follow-up at a specialised outpatient clinic 6 months post-surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Gao (2023) | Orthogeriatric co-management | Traditional consultation | Upon admission, patients entered an orthogeriatric ward co-managed by orthopaedic and geriatric doctors, focusing on early operation (<48 h), comorbidity evaluation and management, secondary fracture prevention, pressure sore prevention, physical therapy and early discharge. Geriatricians handled preoperative evaluation, comorbidity management, prevention of postoperative complications and secondary fracture prevention, while orthopaedic surgeons prepared and executed the surgery. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Prestmo (2015) | Comprehensive geriatric care | Orthopaedic care | The clinical pathway emphasises a systematic and interdisciplinary approach before and after surgery, including comprehensive medical assessment and treatment. It focuses on somatic health (comorbidity management, drug regimen review, pain, nutrition, etc.), mental health and function, with early initiation of rehabilitation and discharge planning. The comprehensive geriatric care unit also maintained a higher staff-to-bed ratio compared to the orthopaedic care unit. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Shyu A (2005, 2010) | Interdisciplinary intervention programme | Usual care | This programme included geriatric consultation services, a continuous rehabilitation programme and discharge-planning services. Geriatric consultations aimed to detect medical and functional problems, reduce surgery delays and provide recommendations on surgery timing and postoperative management. The rehabilitation programme offered early postoperative rehabilitation and at-home exercises, while discharge planning ensured the continuity of care with necessary referrals and follow-up monitoring. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Shyu B (2013) | Interdisciplinary comprehensive care programme | Usual care | Builds upon the previously mentioned model (Shyu A). Integrates the components of the subacute care model with additional health-maintenance interventions, including systematic fall-risk assessments, nutritional consultations and depression screening and management. | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Lizaur-Utrilla (2014) | Comanagement | Usual care | The shared acute care programme for hip fracture patients involves preoperative and postoperative care managed by orthopaedic surgeons and a team of internal medicine specialists. This includes educating healthcare professionals, ensuring rapid administrative transitions and providing daily assistance, along with discharge planning. Medical intervention focuses on stabilising comorbidities, preventing and treating complications, and providing standardised nursing care and physiotherapy. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Kalmet (2019) | Multidisciplinary clinical pathway | Usual care | The multidisciplinary clinical pathway encompasses patient care from the emergency department to discharge to a rehabilitation unit or nursing home, involving an orthopaedic trauma surgeon, a geriatrician, an anaesthesiologist and a physiotherapist. The team aims to perform surgical treatment within 24 h of admission and achieve discharge within 4 days, with agreements for transferring patients to rehabilitation facilities. The postoperative protocol emphasises early mobilisation and full weight bearing. | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
aAs described in the article.
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