Frequencies of demographic, clinical, and academic factor variables in the washout analytic sample (n = 8458) stratified by emulated treatment arm
| Variable . | Control . | Initiated . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 29.6% (n = 385) | 25.5% (n = 1827) | 26.2% (n = 2212) |
| Male | 70.4% (n = 914) | 74.5% (n = 5332) | 73.8% (n = 6246) |
| Birth month | |||
| 1 | 6.9% (n = 89) | 7.3% (n = 521) | 7.2% (n = 610) |
| 2 | 7.2% (n = 93) | 7.2% (n = 513) | 7.2% (n = 606) |
| 3 | 7.3% (n = 95) | 7.7% (n = 554) | 7.7% (n = 649) |
| 4 | 7.9% (n = 102) | 7.4% (n = 527) | 7.4% (n = 629) |
| 5 | 7.5% (n = 97) | 8.2% (n = 585) | 8.1% (n = 682) |
| 6 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 8.3% (n = 595) | 8.4% (n = 714) |
| 7 | 8.5% (n = 110) | 9.1% (n = 652) | 9% (n = 762) |
| 8 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 9.2% (n = 659) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 9 | 10% (n = 130) | 9.1% (n = 648) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 10 | 8.8% (n = 114) | 9% (n = 642) | 8.9% (n = 756) |
| 11 | 8.9% (n = 116) | 8.8% (n = 631) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| 12 | 8.9% (n = 115) | 8.8% (n = 632) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| Birth year | |||
| 2000 | 12.2% (n = 159) | 11.6% (n = 832) | 11.7% (n = 991) |
| 2001 | 12.6% (n = 164) | 11.2% (n = 805) | 11.5% (n = 969) |
| 2002 | 11.5% (n = 149) | 11.9% (n = 854) | 11.9% (n = 1003) |
| 2003 | 13.5% (n = 175) | 12.6% (n = 905) | 12.8% (n = 1080) |
| 2004 | 13.7% (n = 178) | 13% (n = 928) | 13.1% (n = 1106) |
| 2005 | 12.9% (n = 168) | 12.2% (n = 875) | 12.3% (n = 1043) |
| 2006 | 11.2% (n = 146) | 13.4% (n = 958) | 13.1% (n = 1104) |
| 2007 | 12.3% (n = 160) | 14% (n = 1002) | 13.7% (n = 1162) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 47% (n = 610) | 45.2% (n = 3234) | 45.4% (n = 3844) |
| 1 | 33.6% (n = 436) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.1% (n = 2886) |
| 2 | 12.8% (n = 166) | 15.1% (n = 1082) | 14.8% (n = 1248) |
| 3 | 4.9% (n = 64) | 4.1% (n = 293) | 4.2% (n = 357) |
| 4 | 1.2% (n = 16) | 0.9% (n = 63) | 0.9% (n = 79) |
| 5 or higher | 0.5% (n = 7) | 0.5% (n = 37) | 0.5% (n = 44) |
| No. of siblings with any health diagnosis | |||
| 0 | 81.6% (n = 1060) | 77.9% (n = 5577) | 78.5% (n = 6637) |
| 1 | 16.4% (n = 213) | 20% (n = 1434) | 19.5% (n = 1647) |
| 2 or more | 2% (n = 26) | 2.1% (n = 148) | 2.1% (n = 174) |
| Mother’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 46.3% (n = 601) | 48.9% (n = 3500) | 48.5% (n = 4101) |
| Divorced or separated | 16.6% (n = 215) | 16.8% (n = 1203) | 16.8% (n = 1418) |
| Unmarried | 37.2% (n = 483) | 34.3% (n = 2452) | 34.7% (n = 2935) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 4) | 0% (n = 4) | |
| Father’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 45.9% (n = 596) | 48.7% (n = 3490) | 48.3% (n = 4086) |
| Divorced or separated | 17.4% (n = 226) | 17% (n = 1217) | 17.1% (n = 1443) |
| Unmarried | 36.6% (n = 476) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.6% (n = 2926) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 2) | 0% (n = 3) |
| Proportion of missing posttests | |||
| 0 | 81.5% (n = 1059) | 85.1% (n = 6089) | 84.5% (n = 7148) |
| ⅓ | 8.9% (n = 116) | 7.2% (n = 517) | 7.5% (n = 633) |
| ⅔ | 4% (n = 52) | 3% (n = 218) | 3.2% (n = 270) |
| 1 | 5.5% (n = 72) | 4.7% (n = 335) | 4.8% (n = 407) |
| Missing English (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 77.8% (n = 1011) | 79.8% (n = 5712) | 79.5% (n = 6723) |
| Missing reading (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1163) | 91% (n = 6517) | 90.8% (n = 7680) |
| Missing numeracy (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 93.9% (n = 1220) | 95.3% (n = 6819) | 95% (n = 8039) |
| Missing English (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.1% (n = 1145) | 90.4% (n = 6471) | 90% (n = 7616) |
| Missing reading (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1162) | 90.9% (n = 6511) | 90.7% (n = 7673) |
| Missing numeracy (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.8% (n = 1154) | 91.3% (n = 6537) | 90.9% (n = 7691) |
| Variable . | Control . | Initiated . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 29.6% (n = 385) | 25.5% (n = 1827) | 26.2% (n = 2212) |
| Male | 70.4% (n = 914) | 74.5% (n = 5332) | 73.8% (n = 6246) |
| Birth month | |||
| 1 | 6.9% (n = 89) | 7.3% (n = 521) | 7.2% (n = 610) |
| 2 | 7.2% (n = 93) | 7.2% (n = 513) | 7.2% (n = 606) |
| 3 | 7.3% (n = 95) | 7.7% (n = 554) | 7.7% (n = 649) |
| 4 | 7.9% (n = 102) | 7.4% (n = 527) | 7.4% (n = 629) |
| 5 | 7.5% (n = 97) | 8.2% (n = 585) | 8.1% (n = 682) |
| 6 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 8.3% (n = 595) | 8.4% (n = 714) |
| 7 | 8.5% (n = 110) | 9.1% (n = 652) | 9% (n = 762) |
| 8 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 9.2% (n = 659) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 9 | 10% (n = 130) | 9.1% (n = 648) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 10 | 8.8% (n = 114) | 9% (n = 642) | 8.9% (n = 756) |
| 11 | 8.9% (n = 116) | 8.8% (n = 631) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| 12 | 8.9% (n = 115) | 8.8% (n = 632) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| Birth year | |||
| 2000 | 12.2% (n = 159) | 11.6% (n = 832) | 11.7% (n = 991) |
| 2001 | 12.6% (n = 164) | 11.2% (n = 805) | 11.5% (n = 969) |
| 2002 | 11.5% (n = 149) | 11.9% (n = 854) | 11.9% (n = 1003) |
| 2003 | 13.5% (n = 175) | 12.6% (n = 905) | 12.8% (n = 1080) |
| 2004 | 13.7% (n = 178) | 13% (n = 928) | 13.1% (n = 1106) |
| 2005 | 12.9% (n = 168) | 12.2% (n = 875) | 12.3% (n = 1043) |
| 2006 | 11.2% (n = 146) | 13.4% (n = 958) | 13.1% (n = 1104) |
| 2007 | 12.3% (n = 160) | 14% (n = 1002) | 13.7% (n = 1162) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 47% (n = 610) | 45.2% (n = 3234) | 45.4% (n = 3844) |
| 1 | 33.6% (n = 436) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.1% (n = 2886) |
| 2 | 12.8% (n = 166) | 15.1% (n = 1082) | 14.8% (n = 1248) |
| 3 | 4.9% (n = 64) | 4.1% (n = 293) | 4.2% (n = 357) |
| 4 | 1.2% (n = 16) | 0.9% (n = 63) | 0.9% (n = 79) |
| 5 or higher | 0.5% (n = 7) | 0.5% (n = 37) | 0.5% (n = 44) |
| No. of siblings with any health diagnosis | |||
| 0 | 81.6% (n = 1060) | 77.9% (n = 5577) | 78.5% (n = 6637) |
| 1 | 16.4% (n = 213) | 20% (n = 1434) | 19.5% (n = 1647) |
| 2 or more | 2% (n = 26) | 2.1% (n = 148) | 2.1% (n = 174) |
| Mother’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 46.3% (n = 601) | 48.9% (n = 3500) | 48.5% (n = 4101) |
| Divorced or separated | 16.6% (n = 215) | 16.8% (n = 1203) | 16.8% (n = 1418) |
| Unmarried | 37.2% (n = 483) | 34.3% (n = 2452) | 34.7% (n = 2935) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 4) | 0% (n = 4) | |
| Father’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 45.9% (n = 596) | 48.7% (n = 3490) | 48.3% (n = 4086) |
| Divorced or separated | 17.4% (n = 226) | 17% (n = 1217) | 17.1% (n = 1443) |
| Unmarried | 36.6% (n = 476) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.6% (n = 2926) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 2) | 0% (n = 3) |
| Proportion of missing posttests | |||
| 0 | 81.5% (n = 1059) | 85.1% (n = 6089) | 84.5% (n = 7148) |
| ⅓ | 8.9% (n = 116) | 7.2% (n = 517) | 7.5% (n = 633) |
| ⅔ | 4% (n = 52) | 3% (n = 218) | 3.2% (n = 270) |
| 1 | 5.5% (n = 72) | 4.7% (n = 335) | 4.8% (n = 407) |
| Missing English (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 77.8% (n = 1011) | 79.8% (n = 5712) | 79.5% (n = 6723) |
| Missing reading (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1163) | 91% (n = 6517) | 90.8% (n = 7680) |
| Missing numeracy (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 93.9% (n = 1220) | 95.3% (n = 6819) | 95% (n = 8039) |
| Missing English (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.1% (n = 1145) | 90.4% (n = 6471) | 90% (n = 7616) |
| Missing reading (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1162) | 90.9% (n = 6511) | 90.7% (n = 7673) |
| Missing numeracy (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.8% (n = 1154) | 91.3% (n = 6537) | 90.9% (n = 7691) |
‘Initiated’ refers to having been dispensed to their name an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication from a pharmacy in a grace period between 365 and 455 days after their grade five national test. ‘Control’ refers to not having been dispensed any attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication from a pharmacy during the same grace period.
Frequencies of demographic, clinical, and academic factor variables in the washout analytic sample (n = 8458) stratified by emulated treatment arm
| Variable . | Control . | Initiated . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 29.6% (n = 385) | 25.5% (n = 1827) | 26.2% (n = 2212) |
| Male | 70.4% (n = 914) | 74.5% (n = 5332) | 73.8% (n = 6246) |
| Birth month | |||
| 1 | 6.9% (n = 89) | 7.3% (n = 521) | 7.2% (n = 610) |
| 2 | 7.2% (n = 93) | 7.2% (n = 513) | 7.2% (n = 606) |
| 3 | 7.3% (n = 95) | 7.7% (n = 554) | 7.7% (n = 649) |
| 4 | 7.9% (n = 102) | 7.4% (n = 527) | 7.4% (n = 629) |
| 5 | 7.5% (n = 97) | 8.2% (n = 585) | 8.1% (n = 682) |
| 6 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 8.3% (n = 595) | 8.4% (n = 714) |
| 7 | 8.5% (n = 110) | 9.1% (n = 652) | 9% (n = 762) |
| 8 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 9.2% (n = 659) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 9 | 10% (n = 130) | 9.1% (n = 648) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 10 | 8.8% (n = 114) | 9% (n = 642) | 8.9% (n = 756) |
| 11 | 8.9% (n = 116) | 8.8% (n = 631) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| 12 | 8.9% (n = 115) | 8.8% (n = 632) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| Birth year | |||
| 2000 | 12.2% (n = 159) | 11.6% (n = 832) | 11.7% (n = 991) |
| 2001 | 12.6% (n = 164) | 11.2% (n = 805) | 11.5% (n = 969) |
| 2002 | 11.5% (n = 149) | 11.9% (n = 854) | 11.9% (n = 1003) |
| 2003 | 13.5% (n = 175) | 12.6% (n = 905) | 12.8% (n = 1080) |
| 2004 | 13.7% (n = 178) | 13% (n = 928) | 13.1% (n = 1106) |
| 2005 | 12.9% (n = 168) | 12.2% (n = 875) | 12.3% (n = 1043) |
| 2006 | 11.2% (n = 146) | 13.4% (n = 958) | 13.1% (n = 1104) |
| 2007 | 12.3% (n = 160) | 14% (n = 1002) | 13.7% (n = 1162) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 47% (n = 610) | 45.2% (n = 3234) | 45.4% (n = 3844) |
| 1 | 33.6% (n = 436) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.1% (n = 2886) |
| 2 | 12.8% (n = 166) | 15.1% (n = 1082) | 14.8% (n = 1248) |
| 3 | 4.9% (n = 64) | 4.1% (n = 293) | 4.2% (n = 357) |
| 4 | 1.2% (n = 16) | 0.9% (n = 63) | 0.9% (n = 79) |
| 5 or higher | 0.5% (n = 7) | 0.5% (n = 37) | 0.5% (n = 44) |
| No. of siblings with any health diagnosis | |||
| 0 | 81.6% (n = 1060) | 77.9% (n = 5577) | 78.5% (n = 6637) |
| 1 | 16.4% (n = 213) | 20% (n = 1434) | 19.5% (n = 1647) |
| 2 or more | 2% (n = 26) | 2.1% (n = 148) | 2.1% (n = 174) |
| Mother’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 46.3% (n = 601) | 48.9% (n = 3500) | 48.5% (n = 4101) |
| Divorced or separated | 16.6% (n = 215) | 16.8% (n = 1203) | 16.8% (n = 1418) |
| Unmarried | 37.2% (n = 483) | 34.3% (n = 2452) | 34.7% (n = 2935) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 4) | 0% (n = 4) | |
| Father’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 45.9% (n = 596) | 48.7% (n = 3490) | 48.3% (n = 4086) |
| Divorced or separated | 17.4% (n = 226) | 17% (n = 1217) | 17.1% (n = 1443) |
| Unmarried | 36.6% (n = 476) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.6% (n = 2926) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 2) | 0% (n = 3) |
| Proportion of missing posttests | |||
| 0 | 81.5% (n = 1059) | 85.1% (n = 6089) | 84.5% (n = 7148) |
| ⅓ | 8.9% (n = 116) | 7.2% (n = 517) | 7.5% (n = 633) |
| ⅔ | 4% (n = 52) | 3% (n = 218) | 3.2% (n = 270) |
| 1 | 5.5% (n = 72) | 4.7% (n = 335) | 4.8% (n = 407) |
| Missing English (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 77.8% (n = 1011) | 79.8% (n = 5712) | 79.5% (n = 6723) |
| Missing reading (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1163) | 91% (n = 6517) | 90.8% (n = 7680) |
| Missing numeracy (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 93.9% (n = 1220) | 95.3% (n = 6819) | 95% (n = 8039) |
| Missing English (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.1% (n = 1145) | 90.4% (n = 6471) | 90% (n = 7616) |
| Missing reading (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1162) | 90.9% (n = 6511) | 90.7% (n = 7673) |
| Missing numeracy (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.8% (n = 1154) | 91.3% (n = 6537) | 90.9% (n = 7691) |
| Variable . | Control . | Initiated . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 29.6% (n = 385) | 25.5% (n = 1827) | 26.2% (n = 2212) |
| Male | 70.4% (n = 914) | 74.5% (n = 5332) | 73.8% (n = 6246) |
| Birth month | |||
| 1 | 6.9% (n = 89) | 7.3% (n = 521) | 7.2% (n = 610) |
| 2 | 7.2% (n = 93) | 7.2% (n = 513) | 7.2% (n = 606) |
| 3 | 7.3% (n = 95) | 7.7% (n = 554) | 7.7% (n = 649) |
| 4 | 7.9% (n = 102) | 7.4% (n = 527) | 7.4% (n = 629) |
| 5 | 7.5% (n = 97) | 8.2% (n = 585) | 8.1% (n = 682) |
| 6 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 8.3% (n = 595) | 8.4% (n = 714) |
| 7 | 8.5% (n = 110) | 9.1% (n = 652) | 9% (n = 762) |
| 8 | 9.2% (n = 119) | 9.2% (n = 659) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 9 | 10% (n = 130) | 9.1% (n = 648) | 9.2% (n = 778) |
| 10 | 8.8% (n = 114) | 9% (n = 642) | 8.9% (n = 756) |
| 11 | 8.9% (n = 116) | 8.8% (n = 631) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| 12 | 8.9% (n = 115) | 8.8% (n = 632) | 8.8% (n = 747) |
| Birth year | |||
| 2000 | 12.2% (n = 159) | 11.6% (n = 832) | 11.7% (n = 991) |
| 2001 | 12.6% (n = 164) | 11.2% (n = 805) | 11.5% (n = 969) |
| 2002 | 11.5% (n = 149) | 11.9% (n = 854) | 11.9% (n = 1003) |
| 2003 | 13.5% (n = 175) | 12.6% (n = 905) | 12.8% (n = 1080) |
| 2004 | 13.7% (n = 178) | 13% (n = 928) | 13.1% (n = 1106) |
| 2005 | 12.9% (n = 168) | 12.2% (n = 875) | 12.3% (n = 1043) |
| 2006 | 11.2% (n = 146) | 13.4% (n = 958) | 13.1% (n = 1104) |
| 2007 | 12.3% (n = 160) | 14% (n = 1002) | 13.7% (n = 1162) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 47% (n = 610) | 45.2% (n = 3234) | 45.4% (n = 3844) |
| 1 | 33.6% (n = 436) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.1% (n = 2886) |
| 2 | 12.8% (n = 166) | 15.1% (n = 1082) | 14.8% (n = 1248) |
| 3 | 4.9% (n = 64) | 4.1% (n = 293) | 4.2% (n = 357) |
| 4 | 1.2% (n = 16) | 0.9% (n = 63) | 0.9% (n = 79) |
| 5 or higher | 0.5% (n = 7) | 0.5% (n = 37) | 0.5% (n = 44) |
| No. of siblings with any health diagnosis | |||
| 0 | 81.6% (n = 1060) | 77.9% (n = 5577) | 78.5% (n = 6637) |
| 1 | 16.4% (n = 213) | 20% (n = 1434) | 19.5% (n = 1647) |
| 2 or more | 2% (n = 26) | 2.1% (n = 148) | 2.1% (n = 174) |
| Mother’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 46.3% (n = 601) | 48.9% (n = 3500) | 48.5% (n = 4101) |
| Divorced or separated | 16.6% (n = 215) | 16.8% (n = 1203) | 16.8% (n = 1418) |
| Unmarried | 37.2% (n = 483) | 34.3% (n = 2452) | 34.7% (n = 2935) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 4) | 0% (n = 4) | |
| Father’s civil status at grade six | |||
| Married or in partnership | 45.9% (n = 596) | 48.7% (n = 3490) | 48.3% (n = 4086) |
| Divorced or separated | 17.4% (n = 226) | 17% (n = 1217) | 17.1% (n = 1443) |
| Unmarried | 36.6% (n = 476) | 34.2% (n = 2450) | 34.6% (n = 2926) |
| Widow or Widower | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 2) | 0% (n = 3) |
| Proportion of missing posttests | |||
| 0 | 81.5% (n = 1059) | 85.1% (n = 6089) | 84.5% (n = 7148) |
| ⅓ | 8.9% (n = 116) | 7.2% (n = 517) | 7.5% (n = 633) |
| ⅔ | 4% (n = 52) | 3% (n = 218) | 3.2% (n = 270) |
| 1 | 5.5% (n = 72) | 4.7% (n = 335) | 4.8% (n = 407) |
| Missing English (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 77.8% (n = 1011) | 79.8% (n = 5712) | 79.5% (n = 6723) |
| Missing reading (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1163) | 91% (n = 6517) | 90.8% (n = 7680) |
| Missing numeracy (grade five) score | |||
| Non-missing | 93.9% (n = 1220) | 95.3% (n = 6819) | 95% (n = 8039) |
| Missing English (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.1% (n = 1145) | 90.4% (n = 6471) | 90% (n = 7616) |
| Missing reading (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 89.5% (n = 1162) | 90.9% (n = 6511) | 90.7% (n = 7673) |
| Missing numeracy (grade eight) score | |||
| Non-missing | 88.8% (n = 1154) | 91.3% (n = 6537) | 90.9% (n = 7691) |
‘Initiated’ refers to having been dispensed to their name an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication from a pharmacy in a grace period between 365 and 455 days after their grade five national test. ‘Control’ refers to not having been dispensed any attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication from a pharmacy during the same grace period.
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