| Ad-lib | Strict fluid restriction | Moderate fluid restriction | Overall fluid restriction | Overall | ||||
| Characteristics | (N = 94) | (N = 62) | (N = 39) | (N = 101) | (N = 195) | |||
| P valueb | P valueb | P valueb | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 55.3 (12.9) | 50.1 (16.6) | .04* | 52.0 (14.5) | .22 | 50.8 (15.7) | .03* | 53.0 (14.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | >.99 | .71 | .89 | |||||
| Female | 49 (52.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | – | 22 (56.4%) | – | 54 (53.5%) | – | 103 (52.8%) |
| Male | 45 (47.9%) | 30 (48.4%) | – | 17 (43.6%) | – | 47 (46.5%) | – | 92 (47.2%) |
| Body mass index (BMI), mean (SD) | 32.4 (7.14) | 34.6 (9.01) | .11 | 34.3 (7.96) | .21 | 34.5 (8.58) | .07 | 33.5 (7.97) |
| Tumor characteristics | – | – | ||||||
| Tumor type, n (%) | .15 | >.99 | .69 | |||||
| Macroadenoma | 77 (81.9%) | 44 (71.0%) | – | 33 (84.6%) | – | 77 (76.2%) | – | 154 (79.0%) |
| Microadenoma | 15 (16.0%) | 12 (19.4%) | – | 6 (15.4%) | – | 18 (17.8%) | – | 33 (16.9%) |
| Rathke’s cleft cyst | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Craniopharyngioma | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Other | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (6.5%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 4 (4.0%) | – | 5 (2.6%) |
| Tumor endocrine activity status, n (%) | .74 | .22 | .42 | |||||
| Nonfunctional | 60 (63.8%) | 38 (61.3%) | – | 25 (64.1%) | – | 63 (62.4%) | – | 123 (63.1%) |
| ACTH | 22 (23.4%) | 15 (24.2%) | – | 5 (12.8%) | – | 20 (19.8%) | – | 42 (21.5%) |
| GH | 6 (6.4%) | 8 (12.9%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 12 (11.9%) | – | 18 (9.2%) |
| TSH | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Prolactin | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 5 (5.0%) | – | 7 (3.6%) |
| FH | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (2.6%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Mixed | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Tumor volume (cm3), mean (SD) | 4.88 (6.59) | 4.73 (5.58) | .94 | 6.34 (6.34) | .07 | 5.35 (5.91) | .38 | 5.12 (6.23) |
| Prior medical history, n (%) | – | – | – | |||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 13 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | .002** | 6 (15.4%) | .79 | 6 (5.9%) | .09 | 19 (9.7%) |
| High blood pressure | 52 (55.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | .42 | 20 (51.3%) | .71 | 50 (49.5%) | .47 | 102 (52.3%) |
| Asthma | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | >.99 | 2 (5.1%) | >.99 | 4 (4.0%) | >.99 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Obesity | 34 (36.2%) | 32 (51.6%) | .07 | 8 (20.5%) | .10 | 40 (39.6%) | .66 | 74 (37.9%) |
| Diabetes | 18 (19.1%) | 15 (24.2%) | .55 | 6 (15.4%) | .81 | 21 (20.8%) | .86 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Prior endocrine history, n (%) | ||||||||
| Primary hypothyroidism | 15 (16.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | .34 | 4 (10.3%) | .59 | 10 (9.9%) | .28 | 25 (12.8%) |
| Secondary hypothyroidism | 28 (29.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | >.99 | 11 (28.2%) | >.99 | 30 (29.7%) | >.99 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 16 (17.0%) | 13 (21.0%) | .54 | 7 (17.9%) | >.99 | 20 (19.8%) | .71 | 36 (18.5%) |
| Primary adrenal insufficiency | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | .48 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Secondary adrenal insufficiency | 14 (14.9%) | 13 (21.0%) | .39 | 5 (12.8%) | >.99 | 18 (17.8%) | .70 | 32 (16.4%) |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 28 (29.8%) | 24 (38.7%) | .30 | 9 (23.1%) | .53 | 33 (32.7%) | .76 | 61 (31.3%) |
| Other prior endocrine history | 6 (6.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | .38 | 0 (0%) | .18 | 7 (6.9%) | >.99 | 13 (6.7%) |
| No prior endocrine history | 19 (20.2%) | 8 (12.9%) | .28 | 12 (30.8%) | .26 | 20 (19.8%) | >.99 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Operation characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Operative time (min) | 249 (87.6) | 209 (85.9) | .005** | 314 (102) | .001** | 250 (106) | .96 | 250 (97.0) |
| Intra-operative blood loss (cc) | 158 (200) | 118 (102) | .11 | 241 (231) | .05 | 166 (175) | .75 | 162 (187) |
| Intra-operative fluid balance (cc) | 1470 (991) | 1390 (753) | .58 | 1590 (1020) | .52 | 1470 (867) | .98 | 1470 (927) |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 9 (9.6%) | 4 (6.5%) | .57 | 2 (5.1%) | .51 | 6 (5.9%) | .42 | 15 (7.7%) |
| Ad-lib | Strict fluid restriction | Moderate fluid restriction | Overall fluid restriction | Overall | ||||
| Characteristics | (N = 94) | (N = 62) | (N = 39) | (N = 101) | (N = 195) | |||
| P valueb | P valueb | P valueb | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 55.3 (12.9) | 50.1 (16.6) | .04* | 52.0 (14.5) | .22 | 50.8 (15.7) | .03* | 53.0 (14.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | >.99 | .71 | .89 | |||||
| Female | 49 (52.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | – | 22 (56.4%) | – | 54 (53.5%) | – | 103 (52.8%) |
| Male | 45 (47.9%) | 30 (48.4%) | – | 17 (43.6%) | – | 47 (46.5%) | – | 92 (47.2%) |
| Body mass index (BMI), mean (SD) | 32.4 (7.14) | 34.6 (9.01) | .11 | 34.3 (7.96) | .21 | 34.5 (8.58) | .07 | 33.5 (7.97) |
| Tumor characteristics | – | – | ||||||
| Tumor type, n (%) | .15 | >.99 | .69 | |||||
| Macroadenoma | 77 (81.9%) | 44 (71.0%) | – | 33 (84.6%) | – | 77 (76.2%) | – | 154 (79.0%) |
| Microadenoma | 15 (16.0%) | 12 (19.4%) | – | 6 (15.4%) | – | 18 (17.8%) | – | 33 (16.9%) |
| Rathke’s cleft cyst | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Craniopharyngioma | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Other | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (6.5%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 4 (4.0%) | – | 5 (2.6%) |
| Tumor endocrine activity status, n (%) | .74 | .22 | .42 | |||||
| Nonfunctional | 60 (63.8%) | 38 (61.3%) | – | 25 (64.1%) | – | 63 (62.4%) | – | 123 (63.1%) |
| ACTH | 22 (23.4%) | 15 (24.2%) | – | 5 (12.8%) | – | 20 (19.8%) | – | 42 (21.5%) |
| GH | 6 (6.4%) | 8 (12.9%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 12 (11.9%) | – | 18 (9.2%) |
| TSH | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Prolactin | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 5 (5.0%) | – | 7 (3.6%) |
| FH | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (2.6%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Mixed | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Tumor volume (cm3), mean (SD) | 4.88 (6.59) | 4.73 (5.58) | .94 | 6.34 (6.34) | .07 | 5.35 (5.91) | .38 | 5.12 (6.23) |
| Prior medical history, n (%) | – | – | – | |||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 13 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | .002** | 6 (15.4%) | .79 | 6 (5.9%) | .09 | 19 (9.7%) |
| High blood pressure | 52 (55.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | .42 | 20 (51.3%) | .71 | 50 (49.5%) | .47 | 102 (52.3%) |
| Asthma | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | >.99 | 2 (5.1%) | >.99 | 4 (4.0%) | >.99 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Obesity | 34 (36.2%) | 32 (51.6%) | .07 | 8 (20.5%) | .10 | 40 (39.6%) | .66 | 74 (37.9%) |
| Diabetes | 18 (19.1%) | 15 (24.2%) | .55 | 6 (15.4%) | .81 | 21 (20.8%) | .86 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Prior endocrine history, n (%) | ||||||||
| Primary hypothyroidism | 15 (16.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | .34 | 4 (10.3%) | .59 | 10 (9.9%) | .28 | 25 (12.8%) |
| Secondary hypothyroidism | 28 (29.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | >.99 | 11 (28.2%) | >.99 | 30 (29.7%) | >.99 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 16 (17.0%) | 13 (21.0%) | .54 | 7 (17.9%) | >.99 | 20 (19.8%) | .71 | 36 (18.5%) |
| Primary adrenal insufficiency | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | .48 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Secondary adrenal insufficiency | 14 (14.9%) | 13 (21.0%) | .39 | 5 (12.8%) | >.99 | 18 (17.8%) | .70 | 32 (16.4%) |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 28 (29.8%) | 24 (38.7%) | .30 | 9 (23.1%) | .53 | 33 (32.7%) | .76 | 61 (31.3%) |
| Other prior endocrine history | 6 (6.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | .38 | 0 (0%) | .18 | 7 (6.9%) | >.99 | 13 (6.7%) |
| No prior endocrine history | 19 (20.2%) | 8 (12.9%) | .28 | 12 (30.8%) | .26 | 20 (19.8%) | >.99 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Operation characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Operative time (min) | 249 (87.6) | 209 (85.9) | .005** | 314 (102) | .001** | 250 (106) | .96 | 250 (97.0) |
| Intra-operative blood loss (cc) | 158 (200) | 118 (102) | .11 | 241 (231) | .05 | 166 (175) | .75 | 162 (187) |
| Intra-operative fluid balance (cc) | 1470 (991) | 1390 (753) | .58 | 1590 (1020) | .52 | 1470 (867) | .98 | 1470 (927) |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 9 (9.6%) | 4 (6.5%) | .57 | 2 (5.1%) | .51 | 6 (5.9%) | .42 | 15 (7.7%) |
aMean (SD) or no. patients (%) were reported for each baseline demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, prior medical history, prior endocrine, history, operation characteristics, postsurgical complications, and readmission characteristics of the 195 patients following pituitary surgery, stratified, by randomization group.
bP values were calculated by comparing patients in restriction groups vs ad-lib groups using 2 sample t-test or Fisher’s exact test.
*P < .1.
**P < .05.
***P < .001.
| Ad-lib | Strict fluid restriction | Moderate fluid restriction | Overall fluid restriction | Overall | ||||
| Characteristics | (N = 94) | (N = 62) | (N = 39) | (N = 101) | (N = 195) | |||
| P valueb | P valueb | P valueb | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 55.3 (12.9) | 50.1 (16.6) | .04* | 52.0 (14.5) | .22 | 50.8 (15.7) | .03* | 53.0 (14.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | >.99 | .71 | .89 | |||||
| Female | 49 (52.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | – | 22 (56.4%) | – | 54 (53.5%) | – | 103 (52.8%) |
| Male | 45 (47.9%) | 30 (48.4%) | – | 17 (43.6%) | – | 47 (46.5%) | – | 92 (47.2%) |
| Body mass index (BMI), mean (SD) | 32.4 (7.14) | 34.6 (9.01) | .11 | 34.3 (7.96) | .21 | 34.5 (8.58) | .07 | 33.5 (7.97) |
| Tumor characteristics | – | – | ||||||
| Tumor type, n (%) | .15 | >.99 | .69 | |||||
| Macroadenoma | 77 (81.9%) | 44 (71.0%) | – | 33 (84.6%) | – | 77 (76.2%) | – | 154 (79.0%) |
| Microadenoma | 15 (16.0%) | 12 (19.4%) | – | 6 (15.4%) | – | 18 (17.8%) | – | 33 (16.9%) |
| Rathke’s cleft cyst | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Craniopharyngioma | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Other | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (6.5%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 4 (4.0%) | – | 5 (2.6%) |
| Tumor endocrine activity status, n (%) | .74 | .22 | .42 | |||||
| Nonfunctional | 60 (63.8%) | 38 (61.3%) | – | 25 (64.1%) | – | 63 (62.4%) | – | 123 (63.1%) |
| ACTH | 22 (23.4%) | 15 (24.2%) | – | 5 (12.8%) | – | 20 (19.8%) | – | 42 (21.5%) |
| GH | 6 (6.4%) | 8 (12.9%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 12 (11.9%) | – | 18 (9.2%) |
| TSH | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Prolactin | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 5 (5.0%) | – | 7 (3.6%) |
| FH | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (2.6%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Mixed | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Tumor volume (cm3), mean (SD) | 4.88 (6.59) | 4.73 (5.58) | .94 | 6.34 (6.34) | .07 | 5.35 (5.91) | .38 | 5.12 (6.23) |
| Prior medical history, n (%) | – | – | – | |||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 13 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | .002** | 6 (15.4%) | .79 | 6 (5.9%) | .09 | 19 (9.7%) |
| High blood pressure | 52 (55.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | .42 | 20 (51.3%) | .71 | 50 (49.5%) | .47 | 102 (52.3%) |
| Asthma | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | >.99 | 2 (5.1%) | >.99 | 4 (4.0%) | >.99 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Obesity | 34 (36.2%) | 32 (51.6%) | .07 | 8 (20.5%) | .10 | 40 (39.6%) | .66 | 74 (37.9%) |
| Diabetes | 18 (19.1%) | 15 (24.2%) | .55 | 6 (15.4%) | .81 | 21 (20.8%) | .86 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Prior endocrine history, n (%) | ||||||||
| Primary hypothyroidism | 15 (16.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | .34 | 4 (10.3%) | .59 | 10 (9.9%) | .28 | 25 (12.8%) |
| Secondary hypothyroidism | 28 (29.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | >.99 | 11 (28.2%) | >.99 | 30 (29.7%) | >.99 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 16 (17.0%) | 13 (21.0%) | .54 | 7 (17.9%) | >.99 | 20 (19.8%) | .71 | 36 (18.5%) |
| Primary adrenal insufficiency | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | .48 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Secondary adrenal insufficiency | 14 (14.9%) | 13 (21.0%) | .39 | 5 (12.8%) | >.99 | 18 (17.8%) | .70 | 32 (16.4%) |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 28 (29.8%) | 24 (38.7%) | .30 | 9 (23.1%) | .53 | 33 (32.7%) | .76 | 61 (31.3%) |
| Other prior endocrine history | 6 (6.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | .38 | 0 (0%) | .18 | 7 (6.9%) | >.99 | 13 (6.7%) |
| No prior endocrine history | 19 (20.2%) | 8 (12.9%) | .28 | 12 (30.8%) | .26 | 20 (19.8%) | >.99 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Operation characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Operative time (min) | 249 (87.6) | 209 (85.9) | .005** | 314 (102) | .001** | 250 (106) | .96 | 250 (97.0) |
| Intra-operative blood loss (cc) | 158 (200) | 118 (102) | .11 | 241 (231) | .05 | 166 (175) | .75 | 162 (187) |
| Intra-operative fluid balance (cc) | 1470 (991) | 1390 (753) | .58 | 1590 (1020) | .52 | 1470 (867) | .98 | 1470 (927) |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 9 (9.6%) | 4 (6.5%) | .57 | 2 (5.1%) | .51 | 6 (5.9%) | .42 | 15 (7.7%) |
| Ad-lib | Strict fluid restriction | Moderate fluid restriction | Overall fluid restriction | Overall | ||||
| Characteristics | (N = 94) | (N = 62) | (N = 39) | (N = 101) | (N = 195) | |||
| P valueb | P valueb | P valueb | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 55.3 (12.9) | 50.1 (16.6) | .04* | 52.0 (14.5) | .22 | 50.8 (15.7) | .03* | 53.0 (14.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | >.99 | .71 | .89 | |||||
| Female | 49 (52.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | – | 22 (56.4%) | – | 54 (53.5%) | – | 103 (52.8%) |
| Male | 45 (47.9%) | 30 (48.4%) | – | 17 (43.6%) | – | 47 (46.5%) | – | 92 (47.2%) |
| Body mass index (BMI), mean (SD) | 32.4 (7.14) | 34.6 (9.01) | .11 | 34.3 (7.96) | .21 | 34.5 (8.58) | .07 | 33.5 (7.97) |
| Tumor characteristics | – | – | ||||||
| Tumor type, n (%) | .15 | >.99 | .69 | |||||
| Macroadenoma | 77 (81.9%) | 44 (71.0%) | – | 33 (84.6%) | – | 77 (76.2%) | – | 154 (79.0%) |
| Microadenoma | 15 (16.0%) | 12 (19.4%) | – | 6 (15.4%) | – | 18 (17.8%) | – | 33 (16.9%) |
| Rathke’s cleft cyst | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Craniopharyngioma | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Other | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (6.5%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 4 (4.0%) | – | 5 (2.6%) |
| Tumor endocrine activity status, n (%) | .74 | .22 | .42 | |||||
| Nonfunctional | 60 (63.8%) | 38 (61.3%) | – | 25 (64.1%) | – | 63 (62.4%) | – | 123 (63.1%) |
| ACTH | 22 (23.4%) | 15 (24.2%) | – | 5 (12.8%) | – | 20 (19.8%) | – | 42 (21.5%) |
| GH | 6 (6.4%) | 8 (12.9%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 12 (11.9%) | – | 18 (9.2%) |
| TSH | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Prolactin | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | – | 4 (10.3%) | – | 5 (5.0%) | – | 7 (3.6%) |
| FH | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (2.6%) | – | 1 (1.0%) | – | 2 (1.0%) |
| Mixed | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (0.5%) |
| Tumor volume (cm3), mean (SD) | 4.88 (6.59) | 4.73 (5.58) | .94 | 6.34 (6.34) | .07 | 5.35 (5.91) | .38 | 5.12 (6.23) |
| Prior medical history, n (%) | – | – | – | |||||
| Arteriosclerosis | 13 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | .002** | 6 (15.4%) | .79 | 6 (5.9%) | .09 | 19 (9.7%) |
| High blood pressure | 52 (55.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | .42 | 20 (51.3%) | .71 | 50 (49.5%) | .47 | 102 (52.3%) |
| Asthma | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | >.99 | 2 (5.1%) | >.99 | 4 (4.0%) | >.99 | 8 (4.1%) |
| Obesity | 34 (36.2%) | 32 (51.6%) | .07 | 8 (20.5%) | .10 | 40 (39.6%) | .66 | 74 (37.9%) |
| Diabetes | 18 (19.1%) | 15 (24.2%) | .55 | 6 (15.4%) | .81 | 21 (20.8%) | .86 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Prior endocrine history, n (%) | ||||||||
| Primary hypothyroidism | 15 (16.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | .34 | 4 (10.3%) | .59 | 10 (9.9%) | .28 | 25 (12.8%) |
| Secondary hypothyroidism | 28 (29.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | >.99 | 11 (28.2%) | >.99 | 30 (29.7%) | >.99 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 16 (17.0%) | 13 (21.0%) | .54 | 7 (17.9%) | >.99 | 20 (19.8%) | .71 | 36 (18.5%) |
| Primary adrenal insufficiency | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | >.99 | 0 (0%) | .48 | 58 (29.7%) |
| Secondary adrenal insufficiency | 14 (14.9%) | 13 (21.0%) | .39 | 5 (12.8%) | >.99 | 18 (17.8%) | .70 | 32 (16.4%) |
| Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | 28 (29.8%) | 24 (38.7%) | .30 | 9 (23.1%) | .53 | 33 (32.7%) | .76 | 61 (31.3%) |
| Other prior endocrine history | 6 (6.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | .38 | 0 (0%) | .18 | 7 (6.9%) | >.99 | 13 (6.7%) |
| No prior endocrine history | 19 (20.2%) | 8 (12.9%) | .28 | 12 (30.8%) | .26 | 20 (19.8%) | >.99 | 39 (20.0%) |
| Operation characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Operative time (min) | 249 (87.6) | 209 (85.9) | .005** | 314 (102) | .001** | 250 (106) | .96 | 250 (97.0) |
| Intra-operative blood loss (cc) | 158 (200) | 118 (102) | .11 | 241 (231) | .05 | 166 (175) | .75 | 162 (187) |
| Intra-operative fluid balance (cc) | 1470 (991) | 1390 (753) | .58 | 1590 (1020) | .52 | 1470 (867) | .98 | 1470 (927) |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 9 (9.6%) | 4 (6.5%) | .57 | 2 (5.1%) | .51 | 6 (5.9%) | .42 | 15 (7.7%) |
aMean (SD) or no. patients (%) were reported for each baseline demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, prior medical history, prior endocrine, history, operation characteristics, postsurgical complications, and readmission characteristics of the 195 patients following pituitary surgery, stratified, by randomization group.
bP values were calculated by comparing patients in restriction groups vs ad-lib groups using 2 sample t-test or Fisher’s exact test.
*P < .1.
**P < .05.
***P < .001.
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