Table 1. Open in new tab Participant...

Variables	Frailty status	P
Age (year) M(P_25,,P₇₅)	32.0 (26.0, 43.0)	33.0 (26.0, 46.0)^a	43.0 (28.5, 57.0)^a^,^b	.00
Gender n (%)				.09
Male	72 (37.90)	86 (45.30)^b	32 (16.80)^a^,^b
Female	23 (20.90)	54 (49.10)^b	33 (30.00)^a^,^b
Duration of disease (years) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.0 (2.0,6.0)	3.0 (1.0, 6.0)^a	1.5 (1.0, 5.0)^a^,^b	.01
Marital status n(%)				.29
Married	53 (29.80)	81 (45.50)	44 (24.70)
Other (single, divorced, unknown)	42 (34.40)	59 (48.40)	21 (17.20)
IBD phenotype n(%)				<.01
CD	79 (37.30)	98 (46.20)	35 (16.50)^a^,^b
UC	16 (18.20)	42 (47.70)	30 (34.10)^a^,^b
With history of IBD surgery n(%)				.03
No	78 (80.90)	126 (88.14)	62 (94.74)^a^,^b
Yes	17 (19.10)	14 (11.86)	3 (5.26)^a^,^b
Disease state n(%)				<.01
Remission	79 (50.30)	74 (47.10)	4 (2.50)^a^,^b
Mild active	12 (21.80)^a	28 (50.90)^a	15 (27.30)^a
Moderately active	4 (6.10)	30 (45.50)	32 (48.50)^a^,^b
Severe activity	0 (0.00)	8 (36.40)	14 (63.60)^a^,^b
BMI(kg/m²) $\bar{x}$ ± s	21.60 ± 3.27	21.06 ± 2.77^a	18.71 ± 3.46^a^,^b	<.01
Hb (g/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	133.00 (118.00, 144.00)	127.00 (111.25, 139.00)^a	109.00 (93.00, 118.00)^a^,^b	<.01
WBC(*10⁹/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	5.47 ± 1.44	5.95 ± 2.28^a	6.38 ± 2.36^a^,^b	.04
ALB(g/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	41.25 ± 3.05	39.88 ± 4.20^a	34.41 ± 5.64^a^,^b	<.01
PALB (mg/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	233.54 ± 41.72	223.16 ± 60.00^a	166.22 ± 64.04^a^,^b	<.01
Faecal Calprotectin(ug/g) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	62.00 (22.00, 195.00)	100.50 (50.75, 279.75)^a	153.00 (54.00, 349.50)^a^,^b	.00
CRP(mg/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.30 (3.30, 5.00)	3.41 (3.20, 10.78)^a	14.50 (3.36, 47.45)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing malnutrition, n(%)	16 (16.20)	35 (35.40)^a	48 (48.50)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing nonmalnutrition, n(%)	79 (39.30)	105 (52.20)^a	17 (8.50)^a^,^b
Biological agents using n(%)				<.01
No	12 (13.60)	43 (48.90)	33 (37.50)^a^,^b
Yes	83 (39.20)	97 (45.80)	32 (15.10)^a^,^b
NRS-2002 ≥ 3 n(%)	16 (15.20)	39 (37.10)^a	50 (47.60)^a^,^b	<.01
NRS-2002 < 3 n(%)	79 (40.50)	101 (51.80)^a	15 (7.70)^a^,^b

Variables

Frailty status

Normal
(n = 95)

Prefrail
(n = 140)

Frail
(n = 65)

Age (year) M(P_25,,P₇₅)

32.0 (26.0, 43.0)

33.0 (26.0, 46.0)^a

43.0 (28.5, 57.0)^a^,^b

.00

Gender n (%)

.09

Male

72 (37.90)

86 (45.30)^b

32 (16.80)^a^,^b

Female

23 (20.90)

54 (49.10)^b

33 (30.00)^a^,^b

Duration of disease (years) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)

3.0 (2.0,6.0)

3.0 (1.0, 6.0)^a

1.5 (1.0, 5.0)^a^,^b

.01

Marital status n(%)

.29

Married

53 (29.80)

81 (45.50)

44 (24.70)

Other (single, divorced, unknown)

42 (34.40)

59 (48.40)

21 (17.20)

IBD phenotype n(%)

<.01

79 (37.30)

98 (46.20)

35 (16.50)^a^,^b

16 (18.20)

42 (47.70)

30 (34.10)^a^,^b

With history of IBD surgery n(%)

.03

78 (80.90)

126 (88.14)

62 (94.74)^a^,^b

Yes

17 (19.10)

14 (11.86)

3 (5.26)^a^,^b

Disease state n(%)

<.01

Remission

79 (50.30)

74 (47.10)

4 (2.50)^a^,^b

Mild active

12 (21.80)^a

28 (50.90)^a

15 (27.30)^a

Moderately active

4 (6.10)

30 (45.50)

32 (48.50)^a^,^b

Severe activity

0 (0.00)

8 (36.40)

14 (63.60)^a^,^b

BMI(kg/m²)

\bar{x}

± s

21.60 ± 3.27

21.06 ± 2.77^a

18.71 ± 3.46^a^,^b

<.01

Hb (g/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)

133.00 (118.00, 144.00)

127.00 (111.25, 139.00)^a

109.00 (93.00, 118.00)^a^,^b

<.01

WBC(*10⁹/L)

\bar{x}

± s

5.47 ± 1.44

5.95 ± 2.28^a

6.38 ± 2.36^a^,^b

.04

ALB(g/L)

\bar{x}

± s

41.25 ± 3.05

39.88 ± 4.20^a

34.41 ± 5.64^a^,^b

<.01

PALB (mg/L)

\bar{x}

± s

233.54 ± 41.72

223.16 ± 60.00^a

166.22 ± 64.04^a^,^b

<.01

Faecal Calprotectin(ug/g) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)

62.00 (22.00, 195.00)

100.50 (50.75, 279.75)^a

153.00 (54.00, 349.50)^a^,^b

.00

CRP(mg/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)

3.30 (3.30, 5.00)

3.41 (3.20, 10.78)^a

14.50 (3.36, 47.45)^a^,^b

<.01

GLIM Diagnosing malnutrition, n(%)

16 (16.20)

35 (35.40)^a

48 (48.50)^a^,^b

<.01

GLIM Diagnosing nonmalnutrition, n(%)

79 (39.30)

105 (52.20)^a

17 (8.50)^a^,^b

Biological agents using n(%)

<.01

12 (13.60)

43 (48.90)

33 (37.50)^a^,^b

Yes

83 (39.20)

97 (45.80)

32 (15.10)^a^,^b

NRS-2002 ≥ 3 n(%)

16 (15.20)

39 (37.10)^a

50 (47.60)^a^,^b

<.01

NRS-2002 < 3 n(%)

79 (40.50)

101 (51.80)^a

15 (7.70)^a^,^b

Variables	Frailty status	P
Age (year) M(P_25,,P₇₅)	32.0 (26.0, 43.0)	33.0 (26.0, 46.0)^a	43.0 (28.5, 57.0)^a^,^b	.00
Gender n (%)				.09
Male	72 (37.90)	86 (45.30)^b	32 (16.80)^a^,^b
Female	23 (20.90)	54 (49.10)^b	33 (30.00)^a^,^b
Duration of disease (years) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.0 (2.0,6.0)	3.0 (1.0, 6.0)^a	1.5 (1.0, 5.0)^a^,^b	.01
Marital status n(%)				.29
Married	53 (29.80)	81 (45.50)	44 (24.70)
Other (single, divorced, unknown)	42 (34.40)	59 (48.40)	21 (17.20)
IBD phenotype n(%)				<.01
CD	79 (37.30)	98 (46.20)	35 (16.50)^a^,^b
UC	16 (18.20)	42 (47.70)	30 (34.10)^a^,^b
With history of IBD surgery n(%)				.03
No	78 (80.90)	126 (88.14)	62 (94.74)^a^,^b
Yes	17 (19.10)	14 (11.86)	3 (5.26)^a^,^b
Disease state n(%)				<.01
Remission	79 (50.30)	74 (47.10)	4 (2.50)^a^,^b
Mild active	12 (21.80)^a	28 (50.90)^a	15 (27.30)^a
Moderately active	4 (6.10)	30 (45.50)	32 (48.50)^a^,^b
Severe activity	0 (0.00)	8 (36.40)	14 (63.60)^a^,^b
BMI(kg/m²) $\bar{x}$ ± s	21.60 ± 3.27	21.06 ± 2.77^a	18.71 ± 3.46^a^,^b	<.01
Hb (g/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	133.00 (118.00, 144.00)	127.00 (111.25, 139.00)^a	109.00 (93.00, 118.00)^a^,^b	<.01
WBC(*10⁹/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	5.47 ± 1.44	5.95 ± 2.28^a	6.38 ± 2.36^a^,^b	.04
ALB(g/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	41.25 ± 3.05	39.88 ± 4.20^a	34.41 ± 5.64^a^,^b	<.01
PALB (mg/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	233.54 ± 41.72	223.16 ± 60.00^a	166.22 ± 64.04^a^,^b	<.01
Faecal Calprotectin(ug/g) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	62.00 (22.00, 195.00)	100.50 (50.75, 279.75)^a	153.00 (54.00, 349.50)^a^,^b	.00
CRP(mg/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.30 (3.30, 5.00)	3.41 (3.20, 10.78)^a	14.50 (3.36, 47.45)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing malnutrition, n(%)	16 (16.20)	35 (35.40)^a	48 (48.50)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing nonmalnutrition, n(%)	79 (39.30)	105 (52.20)^a	17 (8.50)^a^,^b
Biological agents using n(%)				<.01
No	12 (13.60)	43 (48.90)	33 (37.50)^a^,^b
Yes	83 (39.20)	97 (45.80)	32 (15.10)^a^,^b
NRS-2002 ≥ 3 n(%)	16 (15.20)	39 (37.10)^a	50 (47.60)^a^,^b	<.01
NRS-2002 < 3 n(%)	79 (40.50)	101 (51.80)^a	15 (7.70)^a^,^b

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Participant characteristics and univariate analysis (n = 300).

Variables	Frailty status			P
Variables	Normal (n = 95)	Prefrail (n = 140)	Frail (n = 65)	P
Age (year) M(P_25,,P₇₅)	32.0 (26.0, 43.0)	33.0 (26.0, 46.0)^a	43.0 (28.5, 57.0)^a^,^b	.00
Gender n (%)				.09
Male	72 (37.90)	86 (45.30)^b	32 (16.80)^a^,^b
Female	23 (20.90)	54 (49.10)^b	33 (30.00)^a^,^b
Duration of disease (years) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.0 (2.0,6.0)	3.0 (1.0, 6.0)^a	1.5 (1.0, 5.0)^a^,^b	.01
Marital status n(%)				.29
Married	53 (29.80)	81 (45.50)	44 (24.70)
Other (single, divorced, unknown)	42 (34.40)	59 (48.40)	21 (17.20)
IBD phenotype n(%)				<.01
CD	79 (37.30)	98 (46.20)	35 (16.50)^a^,^b
UC	16 (18.20)	42 (47.70)	30 (34.10)^a^,^b
With history of IBD surgery n(%)				.03
No	78 (80.90)	126 (88.14)	62 (94.74)^a^,^b
Yes	17 (19.10)	14 (11.86)	3 (5.26)^a^,^b
Disease state n(%)				<.01
Remission	79 (50.30)	74 (47.10)	4 (2.50)^a^,^b
Mild active	12 (21.80)^a	28 (50.90)^a	15 (27.30)^a
Moderately active	4 (6.10)	30 (45.50)	32 (48.50)^a^,^b
Severe activity	0 (0.00)	8 (36.40)	14 (63.60)^a^,^b
BMI(kg/m²) $\bar{x}$ ± s	21.60 ± 3.27	21.06 ± 2.77^a	18.71 ± 3.46^a^,^b	<.01
Hb (g/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	133.00 (118.00, 144.00)	127.00 (111.25, 139.00)^a	109.00 (93.00, 118.00)^a^,^b	<.01
WBC(*10⁹/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	5.47 ± 1.44	5.95 ± 2.28^a	6.38 ± 2.36^a^,^b	.04
ALB(g/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	41.25 ± 3.05	39.88 ± 4.20^a	34.41 ± 5.64^a^,^b	<.01
PALB (mg/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	233.54 ± 41.72	223.16 ± 60.00^a	166.22 ± 64.04^a^,^b	<.01
Faecal Calprotectin(ug/g) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	62.00 (22.00, 195.00)	100.50 (50.75, 279.75)^a	153.00 (54.00, 349.50)^a^,^b	.00
CRP(mg/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.30 (3.30, 5.00)	3.41 (3.20, 10.78)^a	14.50 (3.36, 47.45)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing malnutrition, n(%)	16 (16.20)	35 (35.40)^a	48 (48.50)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing nonmalnutrition, n(%)	79 (39.30)	105 (52.20)^a	17 (8.50)^a^,^b	<.01
Biological agents using n(%)				<.01
No	12 (13.60)	43 (48.90)	33 (37.50)^a^,^b
Yes	83 (39.20)	97 (45.80)	32 (15.10)^a^,^b
NRS-2002 ≥ 3 n(%)	16 (15.20)	39 (37.10)^a	50 (47.60)^a^,^b	<.01
NRS-2002 < 3 n(%)	79 (40.50)	101 (51.80)^a	15 (7.70)^a^,^b	<.01

Variables	Frailty status			P
Variables	Normal (n = 95)	Prefrail (n = 140)	Frail (n = 65)	P
Age (year) M(P_25,,P₇₅)	32.0 (26.0, 43.0)	33.0 (26.0, 46.0)^a	43.0 (28.5, 57.0)^a^,^b	.00
Gender n (%)				.09
Male	72 (37.90)	86 (45.30)^b	32 (16.80)^a^,^b
Female	23 (20.90)	54 (49.10)^b	33 (30.00)^a^,^b
Duration of disease (years) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.0 (2.0,6.0)	3.0 (1.0, 6.0)^a	1.5 (1.0, 5.0)^a^,^b	.01
Marital status n(%)				.29
Married	53 (29.80)	81 (45.50)	44 (24.70)
Other (single, divorced, unknown)	42 (34.40)	59 (48.40)	21 (17.20)
IBD phenotype n(%)				<.01
CD	79 (37.30)	98 (46.20)	35 (16.50)^a^,^b
UC	16 (18.20)	42 (47.70)	30 (34.10)^a^,^b
With history of IBD surgery n(%)				.03
No	78 (80.90)	126 (88.14)	62 (94.74)^a^,^b
Yes	17 (19.10)	14 (11.86)	3 (5.26)^a^,^b
Disease state n(%)				<.01
Remission	79 (50.30)	74 (47.10)	4 (2.50)^a^,^b
Mild active	12 (21.80)^a	28 (50.90)^a	15 (27.30)^a
Moderately active	4 (6.10)	30 (45.50)	32 (48.50)^a^,^b
Severe activity	0 (0.00)	8 (36.40)	14 (63.60)^a^,^b
BMI(kg/m²) $\bar{x}$ ± s	21.60 ± 3.27	21.06 ± 2.77^a	18.71 ± 3.46^a^,^b	<.01
Hb (g/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	133.00 (118.00, 144.00)	127.00 (111.25, 139.00)^a	109.00 (93.00, 118.00)^a^,^b	<.01
WBC(*10⁹/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	5.47 ± 1.44	5.95 ± 2.28^a	6.38 ± 2.36^a^,^b	.04
ALB(g/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	41.25 ± 3.05	39.88 ± 4.20^a	34.41 ± 5.64^a^,^b	<.01
PALB (mg/L) $\bar{x}$ ± s	233.54 ± 41.72	223.16 ± 60.00^a	166.22 ± 64.04^a^,^b	<.01
Faecal Calprotectin(ug/g) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	62.00 (22.00, 195.00)	100.50 (50.75, 279.75)^a	153.00 (54.00, 349.50)^a^,^b	.00
CRP(mg/L) M(P₂₅,P₇₅)	3.30 (3.30, 5.00)	3.41 (3.20, 10.78)^a	14.50 (3.36, 47.45)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing malnutrition, n(%)	16 (16.20)	35 (35.40)^a	48 (48.50)^a^,^b	<.01
GLIM Diagnosing nonmalnutrition, n(%)	79 (39.30)	105 (52.20)^a	17 (8.50)^a^,^b	<.01
Biological agents using n(%)				<.01
No	12 (13.60)	43 (48.90)	33 (37.50)^a^,^b
Yes	83 (39.20)	97 (45.80)	32 (15.10)^a^,^b
NRS-2002 ≥ 3 n(%)	16 (15.20)	39 (37.10)^a	50 (47.60)^a^,^b	<.01
NRS-2002 < 3 n(%)	79 (40.50)	101 (51.80)^a	15 (7.70)^a^,^b	<.01

Chi-squared and P-values were calculated by comparing the data of the frailty group, prefrailty group, and nonfrailty group.

Abbreviations: ALB, serum albumin; BMI, body mass index; CD, Crohn’s disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; GLIM, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition; Hb, hemoglobin; IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease; NRS-2002, Nutritional Risk Screening Score 2002; PALB, serum pre-albumin; UC, Ulcerative Colitis; WBC, white blood cell count.

^aP <.05 compared with the nonfrailty group.

^bP <.05 compared with the prefrailty group.

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