| . | Unit . | Conventional farms . | Organic farms before conversion . | Organic farms after conversion . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of farms | – | 1,372 | 62 | 62 |
| Number of observations | 7,601 | 249 | 360 | |
| Descriptive variables | ||||
| UAA ha | ha | 67 (26) | 69 (30) | 80 (36) |
| Animal density | cow/ha | 1.65 (0.3) | 1.54 (0.5) | 1.48 (2) |
| Share of grass/MFA | % | 60 (11) | 72 (13) | 88 (11) |
| Milk produced per cow | l/cow | 7,104 (1,275) | 6,946 (1,301) | 5,437 (1,293) |
| Price of milk | €/1,000 l | 333 (31) | 332 (30) | 419 (54) |
| Total CAP subsidies | €/ha | 746 (149) | 774 (212) | 913 (259) |
| Cost of feed concentrates | €/cow | 373 (154) | 315 (181) | 204 (142) |
| Outcome variables | ||||
| Milk GM | €/1,000 l | 328 (59) | 377 (106) | 527 (160) |
| EBITDA | €/ha | 0.76 (0.38) | 0.86 (1.10) | 0.97 (0.57) |
| Ratio GPM | % | 8.82 (13.37) | 8.43 (14.73) | 9.99 (16.64) |
| Ratio ROA | % | 5.62 (8.22) | 5.85 (8.70) | 6.92 (8.47) |
| Ratio DA | % | 36.37 (18.74) | 45.92 (15.62) | 44.55 (17.68) |
| CF | € | 6,071 (88,960) | −11,913 (51,627) | 15,752 (74,820) |
| . | Unit . | Conventional farms . | Organic farms before conversion . | Organic farms after conversion . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of farms | – | 1,372 | 62 | 62 |
| Number of observations | 7,601 | 249 | 360 | |
| Descriptive variables | ||||
| UAA ha | ha | 67 (26) | 69 (30) | 80 (36) |
| Animal density | cow/ha | 1.65 (0.3) | 1.54 (0.5) | 1.48 (2) |
| Share of grass/MFA | % | 60 (11) | 72 (13) | 88 (11) |
| Milk produced per cow | l/cow | 7,104 (1,275) | 6,946 (1,301) | 5,437 (1,293) |
| Price of milk | €/1,000 l | 333 (31) | 332 (30) | 419 (54) |
| Total CAP subsidies | €/ha | 746 (149) | 774 (212) | 913 (259) |
| Cost of feed concentrates | €/cow | 373 (154) | 315 (181) | 204 (142) |
| Outcome variables | ||||
| Milk GM | €/1,000 l | 328 (59) | 377 (106) | 527 (160) |
| EBITDA | €/ha | 0.76 (0.38) | 0.86 (1.10) | 0.97 (0.57) |
| Ratio GPM | % | 8.82 (13.37) | 8.43 (14.73) | 9.99 (16.64) |
| Ratio ROA | % | 5.62 (8.22) | 5.85 (8.70) | 6.92 (8.47) |
| Ratio DA | % | 36.37 (18.74) | 45.92 (15.62) | 44.55 (17.68) |
| CF | € | 6,071 (88,960) | −11,913 (51,627) | 15,752 (74,820) |
Notes: UAA: utilized agricultural area; MFA: main forage area; CAP: common agriculture policy; GM: gross margin; EBITDA: earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization; GPM: gross profit margin; DA: debt to assets; CF: cash flow. Standard deviations are presented in parentheses.
| . | Unit . | Conventional farms . | Organic farms before conversion . | Organic farms after conversion . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of farms | – | 1,372 | 62 | 62 |
| Number of observations | 7,601 | 249 | 360 | |
| Descriptive variables | ||||
| UAA ha | ha | 67 (26) | 69 (30) | 80 (36) |
| Animal density | cow/ha | 1.65 (0.3) | 1.54 (0.5) | 1.48 (2) |
| Share of grass/MFA | % | 60 (11) | 72 (13) | 88 (11) |
| Milk produced per cow | l/cow | 7,104 (1,275) | 6,946 (1,301) | 5,437 (1,293) |
| Price of milk | €/1,000 l | 333 (31) | 332 (30) | 419 (54) |
| Total CAP subsidies | €/ha | 746 (149) | 774 (212) | 913 (259) |
| Cost of feed concentrates | €/cow | 373 (154) | 315 (181) | 204 (142) |
| Outcome variables | ||||
| Milk GM | €/1,000 l | 328 (59) | 377 (106) | 527 (160) |
| EBITDA | €/ha | 0.76 (0.38) | 0.86 (1.10) | 0.97 (0.57) |
| Ratio GPM | % | 8.82 (13.37) | 8.43 (14.73) | 9.99 (16.64) |
| Ratio ROA | % | 5.62 (8.22) | 5.85 (8.70) | 6.92 (8.47) |
| Ratio DA | % | 36.37 (18.74) | 45.92 (15.62) | 44.55 (17.68) |
| CF | € | 6,071 (88,960) | −11,913 (51,627) | 15,752 (74,820) |
| . | Unit . | Conventional farms . | Organic farms before conversion . | Organic farms after conversion . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of farms | – | 1,372 | 62 | 62 |
| Number of observations | 7,601 | 249 | 360 | |
| Descriptive variables | ||||
| UAA ha | ha | 67 (26) | 69 (30) | 80 (36) |
| Animal density | cow/ha | 1.65 (0.3) | 1.54 (0.5) | 1.48 (2) |
| Share of grass/MFA | % | 60 (11) | 72 (13) | 88 (11) |
| Milk produced per cow | l/cow | 7,104 (1,275) | 6,946 (1,301) | 5,437 (1,293) |
| Price of milk | €/1,000 l | 333 (31) | 332 (30) | 419 (54) |
| Total CAP subsidies | €/ha | 746 (149) | 774 (212) | 913 (259) |
| Cost of feed concentrates | €/cow | 373 (154) | 315 (181) | 204 (142) |
| Outcome variables | ||||
| Milk GM | €/1,000 l | 328 (59) | 377 (106) | 527 (160) |
| EBITDA | €/ha | 0.76 (0.38) | 0.86 (1.10) | 0.97 (0.57) |
| Ratio GPM | % | 8.82 (13.37) | 8.43 (14.73) | 9.99 (16.64) |
| Ratio ROA | % | 5.62 (8.22) | 5.85 (8.70) | 6.92 (8.47) |
| Ratio DA | % | 36.37 (18.74) | 45.92 (15.62) | 44.55 (17.68) |
| CF | € | 6,071 (88,960) | −11,913 (51,627) | 15,752 (74,820) |
Notes: UAA: utilized agricultural area; MFA: main forage area; CAP: common agriculture policy; GM: gross margin; EBITDA: earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization; GPM: gross profit margin; DA: debt to assets; CF: cash flow. Standard deviations are presented in parentheses.
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