Trajectories of Benefits of Caregiving Among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults in the Included Studies
| Study . | Study duration . | CR diagnosis . | Measure (min–max) . | Statistical model for trend(s) . | Trend(s) . | p-value for trend(s) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that delineated average trajectory(ies) of overall sample | ||||||
| Milbury et al. (2013) | 6 mo | Cancer | CRA-ce (1–5) | Paired t-test | Stable | NS |
| Van Den Kieboom et al. (2023) | 15 mo | Dementia | CRA-ce (7–35) | MEM | Decrease | .026 |
| Walker et al. (1996) | 3.0 yr | ADL/IADL limitations | CS (1–7) | LGCM | Stable | NS |
| Study that reported distinctive trajectories of multiple groups of overall sample | ||||||
| Quinn et al. (2024) | 2 yr | Dementia | PAC (9–54) | GMM | Decrease (15.2% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Stable (67.5% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Stable (9.3% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Increase (3.4% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Decrease (4.5% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Malhotra et al. (2018) | 7.1 mo (on average) | Stroke | PAC (9–54) | GBTM | Decrease (41.9% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Decrease (58.1% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Study . | Study duration . | CR diagnosis . | Measure (min–max) . | Statistical model for trend(s) . | Trend(s) . | p-value for trend(s) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that delineated average trajectory(ies) of overall sample | ||||||
| Milbury et al. (2013) | 6 mo | Cancer | CRA-ce (1–5) | Paired t-test | Stable | NS |
| Van Den Kieboom et al. (2023) | 15 mo | Dementia | CRA-ce (7–35) | MEM | Decrease | .026 |
| Walker et al. (1996) | 3.0 yr | ADL/IADL limitations | CS (1–7) | LGCM | Stable | NS |
| Study that reported distinctive trajectories of multiple groups of overall sample | ||||||
| Quinn et al. (2024) | 2 yr | Dementia | PAC (9–54) | GMM | Decrease (15.2% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Stable (67.5% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Stable (9.3% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Increase (3.4% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Decrease (4.5% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Malhotra et al. (2018) | 7.1 mo (on average) | Stroke | PAC (9–54) | GBTM | Decrease (41.9% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Decrease (58.1% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
Note: ADL = activities of daily living; CGS = Caregiver Gratification Scale; CR = care-recipient; CRA-ce = Caregiver Esteem subscale of Caregiver Reaction Assessment; CRI = Caregiver Reaction Inventory; CS = caregiving satisfaction; GBTM = Group-Based Trajectory Model; GMM = Growth Mixture Model; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; LGCM = latent growth curve model; MEM = mixed-effect model; mo = months; NR = not reported; NS = not significant; PAC = Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale; yr = years.
Trajectories of Benefits of Caregiving Among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults in the Included Studies
| Study . | Study duration . | CR diagnosis . | Measure (min–max) . | Statistical model for trend(s) . | Trend(s) . | p-value for trend(s) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that delineated average trajectory(ies) of overall sample | ||||||
| Milbury et al. (2013) | 6 mo | Cancer | CRA-ce (1–5) | Paired t-test | Stable | NS |
| Van Den Kieboom et al. (2023) | 15 mo | Dementia | CRA-ce (7–35) | MEM | Decrease | .026 |
| Walker et al. (1996) | 3.0 yr | ADL/IADL limitations | CS (1–7) | LGCM | Stable | NS |
| Study that reported distinctive trajectories of multiple groups of overall sample | ||||||
| Quinn et al. (2024) | 2 yr | Dementia | PAC (9–54) | GMM | Decrease (15.2% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Stable (67.5% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Stable (9.3% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Increase (3.4% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Decrease (4.5% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Malhotra et al. (2018) | 7.1 mo (on average) | Stroke | PAC (9–54) | GBTM | Decrease (41.9% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Decrease (58.1% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Study . | Study duration . | CR diagnosis . | Measure (min–max) . | Statistical model for trend(s) . | Trend(s) . | p-value for trend(s) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that delineated average trajectory(ies) of overall sample | ||||||
| Milbury et al. (2013) | 6 mo | Cancer | CRA-ce (1–5) | Paired t-test | Stable | NS |
| Van Den Kieboom et al. (2023) | 15 mo | Dementia | CRA-ce (7–35) | MEM | Decrease | .026 |
| Walker et al. (1996) | 3.0 yr | ADL/IADL limitations | CS (1–7) | LGCM | Stable | NS |
| Study that reported distinctive trajectories of multiple groups of overall sample | ||||||
| Quinn et al. (2024) | 2 yr | Dementia | PAC (9–54) | GMM | Decrease (15.2% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Stable (67.5% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Stable (9.3% of overall sample) | NS | |||||
| Increase (3.4% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Decrease (4.5% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
| Malhotra et al. (2018) | 7.1 mo (on average) | Stroke | PAC (9–54) | GBTM | Decrease (41.9% of overall sample) | <.05 |
| Decrease (58.1% of overall sample) | <.05 | |||||
Note: ADL = activities of daily living; CGS = Caregiver Gratification Scale; CR = care-recipient; CRA-ce = Caregiver Esteem subscale of Caregiver Reaction Assessment; CRI = Caregiver Reaction Inventory; CS = caregiving satisfaction; GBTM = Group-Based Trajectory Model; GMM = Growth Mixture Model; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; LGCM = latent growth curve model; MEM = mixed-effect model; mo = months; NR = not reported; NS = not significant; PAC = Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale; yr = years.
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