| Trauma type . | Index . | Male . | Female . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of serving in the formal military | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| %a | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) when traveling by boat | Count | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| % | 69.2 | 30.8 | 100 | |
| Encountered pirates when traveling by boat | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
| In jails, prisons, or re-education campsb | Count | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| % | 64.5 | 35.5 | 100 | |
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of being in jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| % | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured soldiers | Count | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| % | 67.5 | 32.5 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured civilians | Count | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| % | 74.3 | 25.7 | 100 | |
| Knew person(s) who were seriously injured or killed in battle | Count | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| % | 70 | 30 | 100 | |
| Wounded or injured in the warzone | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| % | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Moved because home or village was bombed during war | Count | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| % | 63.3 | 36.7 | 100 | |
| Moved due to evacuation during war | Count | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| % | 62.5 | 37.5 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of clean water | Count | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| % | 72.4 | 27.6 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of food | Count | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| % | 67.7 | 32.3 | 100 | |
| Experienced inability to sleep due to noise, inhospitable conditions | Count | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| % | 60.7 | 39.3 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) | Count | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| % | 71.9 | 28.1 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to toxic chemicals | Count | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to Agent Orange | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced fear of sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact | Count | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| % | 33.3 | 66.7 | 100 | |
| Experienced sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact involving the use or threat of force or mental or psychological coercion | Count | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 100 | |
| Before 18 years old, lived with a household member who was sent to jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| % | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Trauma type . | Index . | Male . | Female . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of serving in the formal military | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| %a | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) when traveling by boat | Count | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| % | 69.2 | 30.8 | 100 | |
| Encountered pirates when traveling by boat | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
| In jails, prisons, or re-education campsb | Count | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| % | 64.5 | 35.5 | 100 | |
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of being in jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| % | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured soldiers | Count | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| % | 67.5 | 32.5 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured civilians | Count | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| % | 74.3 | 25.7 | 100 | |
| Knew person(s) who were seriously injured or killed in battle | Count | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| % | 70 | 30 | 100 | |
| Wounded or injured in the warzone | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| % | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Moved because home or village was bombed during war | Count | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| % | 63.3 | 36.7 | 100 | |
| Moved due to evacuation during war | Count | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| % | 62.5 | 37.5 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of clean water | Count | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| % | 72.4 | 27.6 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of food | Count | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| % | 67.7 | 32.3 | 100 | |
| Experienced inability to sleep due to noise, inhospitable conditions | Count | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| % | 60.7 | 39.3 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) | Count | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| % | 71.9 | 28.1 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to toxic chemicals | Count | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to Agent Orange | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced fear of sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact | Count | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| % | 33.3 | 66.7 | 100 | |
| Experienced sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact involving the use or threat of force or mental or psychological coercion | Count | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 100 | |
| Before 18 years old, lived with a household member who was sent to jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| % | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
aPercentage within trauma.
bRe-education camps are prison and/or labor camps operated by the Communist government after the end of the Vietnam War for the purpose of detaining former military officers and government employees of the Republic of Vietnam in the South (Nguyen, 2022).
| Trauma type . | Index . | Male . | Female . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of serving in the formal military | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| %a | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) when traveling by boat | Count | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| % | 69.2 | 30.8 | 100 | |
| Encountered pirates when traveling by boat | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
| In jails, prisons, or re-education campsb | Count | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| % | 64.5 | 35.5 | 100 | |
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of being in jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| % | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured soldiers | Count | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| % | 67.5 | 32.5 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured civilians | Count | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| % | 74.3 | 25.7 | 100 | |
| Knew person(s) who were seriously injured or killed in battle | Count | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| % | 70 | 30 | 100 | |
| Wounded or injured in the warzone | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| % | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Moved because home or village was bombed during war | Count | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| % | 63.3 | 36.7 | 100 | |
| Moved due to evacuation during war | Count | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| % | 62.5 | 37.5 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of clean water | Count | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| % | 72.4 | 27.6 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of food | Count | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| % | 67.7 | 32.3 | 100 | |
| Experienced inability to sleep due to noise, inhospitable conditions | Count | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| % | 60.7 | 39.3 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) | Count | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| % | 71.9 | 28.1 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to toxic chemicals | Count | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to Agent Orange | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced fear of sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact | Count | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| % | 33.3 | 66.7 | 100 | |
| Experienced sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact involving the use or threat of force or mental or psychological coercion | Count | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 100 | |
| Before 18 years old, lived with a household member who was sent to jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| % | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Trauma type . | Index . | Male . | Female . | Total . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of serving in the formal military | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| %a | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) when traveling by boat | Count | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| % | 69.2 | 30.8 | 100 | |
| Encountered pirates when traveling by boat | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
| In jails, prisons, or re-education campsb | Count | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| % | 64.5 | 35.5 | 100 | |
| Seriously injured or ill as a result of being in jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| % | 50 | 50 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured soldiers | Count | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| % | 67.5 | 32.5 | 100 | |
| Saw dead or seriously injured civilians | Count | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| % | 74.3 | 25.7 | 100 | |
| Knew person(s) who were seriously injured or killed in battle | Count | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| % | 70 | 30 | 100 | |
| Wounded or injured in the warzone | Count | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| % | 76.5 | 23.5 | 100 | |
| Moved because home or village was bombed during war | Count | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| % | 63.3 | 36.7 | 100 | |
| Moved due to evacuation during war | Count | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| % | 62.5 | 37.5 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of clean water | Count | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| % | 72.4 | 27.6 | 100 | |
| Experienced illness, weakness, or discomfort due to shortage of food | Count | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| % | 67.7 | 32.3 | 100 | |
| Experienced inability to sleep due to noise, inhospitable conditions | Count | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| % | 60.7 | 39.3 | 100 | |
| Fear of death (e.g., thirst/hunger/drowning) | Count | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| % | 71.9 | 28.1 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to toxic chemicals | Count | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced exposure to Agent Orange | Count | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| % | 100 | 0.0 | 100 | |
| Experienced fear of sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact | Count | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| % | 33.3 | 66.7 | 100 | |
| Experienced sexual assault, molestation, or any unwanted sexual contact involving the use or threat of force or mental or psychological coercion | Count | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| % | 66.7 | 33.3 | 100 | |
| Before 18 years old, lived with a household member who was sent to jails, prisons, or re-education camps | Count | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| % | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
aPercentage within trauma.
bRe-education camps are prison and/or labor camps operated by the Communist government after the end of the Vietnam War for the purpose of detaining former military officers and government employees of the Republic of Vietnam in the South (Nguyen, 2022).
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