| . | HD . | HD + Ad . | Ad . | MCI . | Healthy 50+ . | Healthy 50- . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 52 | 25 | 256 | 163 | 400 | 74 |
| Male | 29 (55.8%) | 15 (60%) | 87(34.0%) | 81 (49.7%) | 167 (41.8%) | 28 (37.8%) |
| Female | 23 (44.2%) | 10 (40%) | 169 (66.0%) | 82 (50.3%) | 233 (58.3%) | 46 (62.2%) |
| DESH | 52 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 3 (1.2%) | 5 (3.1%) | 13 (3.3%) | 0 |
| VD | 51 (98.1%) | 25 (100%) | 45 (17.6%) | 17 (10.4%) | 26 (6.5%) | 0 |
| THC | 50 (96.2%) | 24 (96.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0 |
| SFD | 39 (75.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 64 (25.0%) | 31 (19.0%) | 41 (10.3%) | 0 |
| Age, Range | 60–92 | 62–96 | 61–99 | 56–92 | 50–99 | 21–49 |
| Age, Mean ± SD | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 81.4 ± 7.2 | 79.4 ± 7 | 78.9 ± 6.5 | 74.6 ± 8.4 | 34.6 ± 8.3 |
| Total CSF (mL) | 334.6 ± 45.0 | 381.9 ± 71.4 | 409 ± 67.3 | 332.9 ± 73.2 | 304.2 ± 61.1 | 268.8 ± 47.6 |
| Total ventricle (mL) | 135.1 ± 33.1 | 123.5 ± 30.8 | 71 ± 22.8 | 59.1 ± 20.5 | 49.6 ± 20.5 | 22.6 ± 12.1 |
| HCS | 14.5 ± 8.5 | 16.4 ± 7.0 | 48.7 ± 13.8 | 40.0 ± 14.3 | 38.8 ± 13.6 | 41.5 ± 8.9 |
| Syl + Bc | 68.1 ± 20.1 | 80.6 ± 23.7 | 64.8 ± 14.9 | 54.8 ± 12.5 | 50.6 ± 11.5 | 41.7 ± 7.3 |
| DESH index, Mean ± SD | 21.1 ± 17.2 | 17.1 ± 13.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| Venthi index, Mean ± SD | 14.6 ± 13.3 | 11.2 ± 11.1 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Sylhi index, Mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.9 ± 3.1 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.2 |
| . | HD . | HD + Ad . | Ad . | MCI . | Healthy 50+ . | Healthy 50- . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 52 | 25 | 256 | 163 | 400 | 74 |
| Male | 29 (55.8%) | 15 (60%) | 87(34.0%) | 81 (49.7%) | 167 (41.8%) | 28 (37.8%) |
| Female | 23 (44.2%) | 10 (40%) | 169 (66.0%) | 82 (50.3%) | 233 (58.3%) | 46 (62.2%) |
| DESH | 52 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 3 (1.2%) | 5 (3.1%) | 13 (3.3%) | 0 |
| VD | 51 (98.1%) | 25 (100%) | 45 (17.6%) | 17 (10.4%) | 26 (6.5%) | 0 |
| THC | 50 (96.2%) | 24 (96.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0 |
| SFD | 39 (75.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 64 (25.0%) | 31 (19.0%) | 41 (10.3%) | 0 |
| Age, Range | 60–92 | 62–96 | 61–99 | 56–92 | 50–99 | 21–49 |
| Age, Mean ± SD | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 81.4 ± 7.2 | 79.4 ± 7 | 78.9 ± 6.5 | 74.6 ± 8.4 | 34.6 ± 8.3 |
| Total CSF (mL) | 334.6 ± 45.0 | 381.9 ± 71.4 | 409 ± 67.3 | 332.9 ± 73.2 | 304.2 ± 61.1 | 268.8 ± 47.6 |
| Total ventricle (mL) | 135.1 ± 33.1 | 123.5 ± 30.8 | 71 ± 22.8 | 59.1 ± 20.5 | 49.6 ± 20.5 | 22.6 ± 12.1 |
| HCS | 14.5 ± 8.5 | 16.4 ± 7.0 | 48.7 ± 13.8 | 40.0 ± 14.3 | 38.8 ± 13.6 | 41.5 ± 8.9 |
| Syl + Bc | 68.1 ± 20.1 | 80.6 ± 23.7 | 64.8 ± 14.9 | 54.8 ± 12.5 | 50.6 ± 11.5 | 41.7 ± 7.3 |
| DESH index, Mean ± SD | 21.1 ± 17.2 | 17.1 ± 13.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| Venthi index, Mean ± SD | 14.6 ± 13.3 | 11.2 ± 11.1 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Sylhi index, Mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.9 ± 3.1 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.2 |
HD, Hakim’s disease; Ad, Alzheimer’s disease; HD + Ad, Hakim’s disease with Alzheimer’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; healthy 50+, cognitively healthy individuals aged ≥50 years; healthy 50-, cognitively healthy individuals under 50 years old; DESH, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus; VD, ventricular dilatation; THC, tightened sulci in the high convexities; SFD, Sylvian fissure dilation; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCS, high-convexity part of the subarachnoid space; Syl + Bc, Sylvian fissure and basal cistern; DESH index, total ventricular volume, and the Syl + Bc volume divided by the HCS volume; Venthi index, ventricular volume divided by the HCS volume; Sylhi index, Syl + Bc volume divided by the HCS volume.
| . | HD . | HD + Ad . | Ad . | MCI . | Healthy 50+ . | Healthy 50- . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 52 | 25 | 256 | 163 | 400 | 74 |
| Male | 29 (55.8%) | 15 (60%) | 87(34.0%) | 81 (49.7%) | 167 (41.8%) | 28 (37.8%) |
| Female | 23 (44.2%) | 10 (40%) | 169 (66.0%) | 82 (50.3%) | 233 (58.3%) | 46 (62.2%) |
| DESH | 52 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 3 (1.2%) | 5 (3.1%) | 13 (3.3%) | 0 |
| VD | 51 (98.1%) | 25 (100%) | 45 (17.6%) | 17 (10.4%) | 26 (6.5%) | 0 |
| THC | 50 (96.2%) | 24 (96.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0 |
| SFD | 39 (75.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 64 (25.0%) | 31 (19.0%) | 41 (10.3%) | 0 |
| Age, Range | 60–92 | 62–96 | 61–99 | 56–92 | 50–99 | 21–49 |
| Age, Mean ± SD | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 81.4 ± 7.2 | 79.4 ± 7 | 78.9 ± 6.5 | 74.6 ± 8.4 | 34.6 ± 8.3 |
| Total CSF (mL) | 334.6 ± 45.0 | 381.9 ± 71.4 | 409 ± 67.3 | 332.9 ± 73.2 | 304.2 ± 61.1 | 268.8 ± 47.6 |
| Total ventricle (mL) | 135.1 ± 33.1 | 123.5 ± 30.8 | 71 ± 22.8 | 59.1 ± 20.5 | 49.6 ± 20.5 | 22.6 ± 12.1 |
| HCS | 14.5 ± 8.5 | 16.4 ± 7.0 | 48.7 ± 13.8 | 40.0 ± 14.3 | 38.8 ± 13.6 | 41.5 ± 8.9 |
| Syl + Bc | 68.1 ± 20.1 | 80.6 ± 23.7 | 64.8 ± 14.9 | 54.8 ± 12.5 | 50.6 ± 11.5 | 41.7 ± 7.3 |
| DESH index, Mean ± SD | 21.1 ± 17.2 | 17.1 ± 13.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| Venthi index, Mean ± SD | 14.6 ± 13.3 | 11.2 ± 11.1 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Sylhi index, Mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.9 ± 3.1 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.2 |
| . | HD . | HD + Ad . | Ad . | MCI . | Healthy 50+ . | Healthy 50- . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 52 | 25 | 256 | 163 | 400 | 74 |
| Male | 29 (55.8%) | 15 (60%) | 87(34.0%) | 81 (49.7%) | 167 (41.8%) | 28 (37.8%) |
| Female | 23 (44.2%) | 10 (40%) | 169 (66.0%) | 82 (50.3%) | 233 (58.3%) | 46 (62.2%) |
| DESH | 52 (100%) | 25 (100%) | 3 (1.2%) | 5 (3.1%) | 13 (3.3%) | 0 |
| VD | 51 (98.1%) | 25 (100%) | 45 (17.6%) | 17 (10.4%) | 26 (6.5%) | 0 |
| THC | 50 (96.2%) | 24 (96.0%) | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0 |
| SFD | 39 (75.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 64 (25.0%) | 31 (19.0%) | 41 (10.3%) | 0 |
| Age, Range | 60–92 | 62–96 | 61–99 | 56–92 | 50–99 | 21–49 |
| Age, Mean ± SD | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 81.4 ± 7.2 | 79.4 ± 7 | 78.9 ± 6.5 | 74.6 ± 8.4 | 34.6 ± 8.3 |
| Total CSF (mL) | 334.6 ± 45.0 | 381.9 ± 71.4 | 409 ± 67.3 | 332.9 ± 73.2 | 304.2 ± 61.1 | 268.8 ± 47.6 |
| Total ventricle (mL) | 135.1 ± 33.1 | 123.5 ± 30.8 | 71 ± 22.8 | 59.1 ± 20.5 | 49.6 ± 20.5 | 22.6 ± 12.1 |
| HCS | 14.5 ± 8.5 | 16.4 ± 7.0 | 48.7 ± 13.8 | 40.0 ± 14.3 | 38.8 ± 13.6 | 41.5 ± 8.9 |
| Syl + Bc | 68.1 ± 20.1 | 80.6 ± 23.7 | 64.8 ± 14.9 | 54.8 ± 12.5 | 50.6 ± 11.5 | 41.7 ± 7.3 |
| DESH index, Mean ± SD | 21.1 ± 17.2 | 17.1 ± 13.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| Venthi index, Mean ± SD | 14.6 ± 13.3 | 11.2 ± 11.1 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
| Sylhi index, Mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.9 ± 3.1 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1 | 1 ± 0.2 |
HD, Hakim’s disease; Ad, Alzheimer’s disease; HD + Ad, Hakim’s disease with Alzheimer’s disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; healthy 50+, cognitively healthy individuals aged ≥50 years; healthy 50-, cognitively healthy individuals under 50 years old; DESH, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus; VD, ventricular dilatation; THC, tightened sulci in the high convexities; SFD, Sylvian fissure dilation; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCS, high-convexity part of the subarachnoid space; Syl + Bc, Sylvian fissure and basal cistern; DESH index, total ventricular volume, and the Syl + Bc volume divided by the HCS volume; Venthi index, ventricular volume divided by the HCS volume; Sylhi index, Syl + Bc volume divided by the HCS volume.
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