Table 6. Open in new tab Cluster...

	Cluster 1 (n = 219)	Cluster 2 (n = 564)	Cluster 3 (n = 318)	Cluster 4 (n = 422)
Female, n (%)	189 (86.3)^a	358 (63.5)^b	288 (90.6)^a	258 (61.1)^b
Age, mean (SD)	44 (13)^a	66 (10)^b	45 (12)^a	66 (9)^b
BM, n (%)	10 (4.6)^a	330 (58.5)^b	44 (13.8)^c	156 (37)^d
CM, n (%)	4 (1.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	27 (8.5)^c	31 (7.3)^c
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian (White)	115 (52.5)^a	502 (89)^b	192 (60.4)^a	386 (91.5)^b
Asian	59 (26.9)^a	2 (0.4)^b	52 (16.4)^c	8 (1.9)^b
African American	10 (4.6)^a	26 (4.6)^a	15 (4.7)^a	12 (2.8)^a
Hispanic	13 (5.9)^{a, b}	15 (2.7)^{b, c}	28 (8.8)^a	7 (1.7)^c
Very high HDI, n (%)	176 (80.4)^a	557 (98.8)^b	277 (87.1)^a	419 (99.3)^b
Asthma	9 (4.1)^a	119 (21.1)^b	50 (15.7)^{b, c}	46 (10.9)^c
CKD	3 (1.4)^a	28 (5)^a	12 (3.8)^a	11 (2.6)^a
CLD	2 (0.9)^a	16 (2.8)^a	5 (1.6)^a	5 (1.2)^a
COPD	3 (1.4)^a	44 (7.8)^b	7 (2.2)^a	8 (1.9)^a
ILD	40 (18.3)^a	93 (16.5)^a	55 (17.3)^a	73 (17.3)^a
IHD	0 (0)^a	88 (15.6)^b	7 (2.2)^a	27 (6.4)^c
DM	5 (2.3)^a	130 (23)^b	13 (4.1)^a	59 (14)^c
Epilepsy	0 (0)^a	6 (1.1)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Dyslipidaemia	9 (4.1)^a	220 (39)^b	27 (8.5)^a	123 (29.1)^c
HIV-AIDS	1 (0.5)^a	5 (0.9)^a	1 (0.3)^a	1 (0.2)^a
Hypertension	12 (5.5)^a	289 (51.2)^b	34 (10.7)^a	164 (38.9)^c
Stroke	0 (0)^a	19 (3.4)^b	1 (0.3)^a	7 (1.7)^a,b
Tuberculosis	0 (0)^a	5 (0.9)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Organ transplant	1 (0.5)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Others	2 (0.9)^a	70 (12.4)^b	9 (2.8)^a	43 (10.2)^b
MHDs, n (%)	39 (17.8)^a	241 (42.7)^b	176 (55.3)^c	61 (14.5)^a
Anxiety	25 (11.4)^a	146 (25.9)^b	117 (36.8)^c	34 (8.1)^a
Bipolar disorder	1 (0.5)^a,b	6 (1.1)^a,b	8 (2.5)^b	1 (0.2)^a
Depression	15 (6.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	108 (34)^b	28 (6.6)^a
Eating disorder	5 (2.3)^{a, b}	4 (0.7)^b,c	11 (3.5)^a	0 (0)^a
Insomnia	7 (3.2)^a	63 (11.2)^b	53 (16.7)^b	10 (2.4)^a
Schizophrenia	1 (0.5)^a	1 (0.2)^a	1 (0.3)^a	0 (0)^a
Substance use disorders	0 (0)^a	2 (0.4)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
PROMIS Global Physical Health, mean (s.d.)	15.8 (2.1)^a	10.2 (1.9)^b	10.5 (2.3)^b	14.5 (1.7)^c
PROMIS Global Mental Health, mean (s.d.)	15.4 (2.7)^a	11.2 (2.7)^b	10.8 (3.0)^b	15.2 (2.4)^a
PROMIS Physical Function SF10a, mean (s.d.)	45.8 (4.5)^a	25.6 (8.5)^b	34.3 (8.6)^c	36.4 (9.5)^d
PROMIS Fatigue 4a score, mean (s.d.)	7.2 (2.4)^a	13.7 (3.2)^b	13.8 (3.3)^b	8.0 (2.3)^c

Cluster 1 (n = 219)

Cluster 2 (n = 564)

Cluster 3 (n = 318)

Cluster 4 (n = 422)

Female, n (%)

189 (86.3)^a

358 (63.5)^b

288 (90.6)^a

258 (61.1)^b

Age, mean (SD)

44 (13)^a

66 (10)^b

45 (12)^a

66 (9)^b

BM, n (%)

10 (4.6)^a

330 (58.5)^b

44 (13.8)^c

156 (37)^d

CM, n (%)

4 (1.8)^a

153 (27.1)^b

27 (8.5)^c

31 (7.3)^c

Ethnicity, n (%)

Caucasian (White)

115 (52.5)^a

502 (89)^b

192 (60.4)^a

386 (91.5)^b

Asian

59 (26.9)^a

2 (0.4)^b

52 (16.4)^c

8 (1.9)^b

African American

10 (4.6)^a

26 (4.6)^a

15 (4.7)^a

12 (2.8)^a

Hispanic

13 (5.9)^{a, b}

15 (2.7)^{b, c}

28 (8.8)^a

7 (1.7)^c

Very high HDI, n (%)

176 (80.4)^a

557 (98.8)^b

277 (87.1)^a

419 (99.3)^b

Asthma

9 (4.1)^a

119 (21.1)^b

50 (15.7)^{b, c}

46 (10.9)^c

CKD

3 (1.4)^a

28 (5)^a

12 (3.8)^a

11 (2.6)^a

CLD

2 (0.9)^a

16 (2.8)^a

5 (1.6)^a

5 (1.2)^a

COPD

3 (1.4)^a

44 (7.8)^b

7 (2.2)^a

8 (1.9)^a

ILD

40 (18.3)^a

93 (16.5)^a

55 (17.3)^a

73 (17.3)^a

IHD

0 (0)^a

88 (15.6)^b

7 (2.2)^a

27 (6.4)^c

5 (2.3)^a

130 (23)^b

13 (4.1)^a

59 (14)^c

Epilepsy

0 (0)^a

6 (1.1)^a

3 (0.9)^a

0 (0)^a

Dyslipidaemia

9 (4.1)^a

220 (39)^b

27 (8.5)^a

123 (29.1)^c

HIV-AIDS

1 (0.5)^a

5 (0.9)^a

1 (0.3)^a

1 (0.2)^a

Hypertension

12 (5.5)^a

289 (51.2)^b

34 (10.7)^a

164 (38.9)^c

Stroke

0 (0)^a

19 (3.4)^b

1 (0.3)^a

7 (1.7)^a,b

Tuberculosis

0 (0)^a

5 (0.9)^a

3 (0.9)^a

0 (0)^a

Organ transplant

1 (0.5)

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

Others

2 (0.9)^a

70 (12.4)^b

9 (2.8)^a

43 (10.2)^b

MHDs, n (%)

39 (17.8)^a

241 (42.7)^b

176 (55.3)^c

61 (14.5)^a

Anxiety

25 (11.4)^a

146 (25.9)^b

117 (36.8)^c

34 (8.1)^a

Bipolar disorder

1 (0.5)^a,b

6 (1.1)^a,b

8 (2.5)^b

1 (0.2)^a

Depression

15 (6.8)^a

153 (27.1)^b

108 (34)^b

28 (6.6)^a

Eating disorder

5 (2.3)^{a, b}

4 (0.7)^b,c

11 (3.5)^a

0 (0)^a

Insomnia

7 (3.2)^a

63 (11.2)^b

53 (16.7)^b

10 (2.4)^a

Schizophrenia

1 (0.5)^a

1 (0.2)^a

1 (0.3)^a

0 (0)^a

Substance use disorders

0 (0)^a

2 (0.4)^a

3 (0.9)^a

0 (0)^a

PROMIS Global Physical Health, mean (s.d.)

15.8 (2.1)^a

10.2 (1.9)^b

10.5 (2.3)^b

14.5 (1.7)^c

PROMIS Global Mental Health, mean (s.d.)

15.4 (2.7)^a

11.2 (2.7)^b

10.8 (3.0)^b

15.2 (2.4)^a

PROMIS Physical Function SF10a, mean (s.d.)

45.8 (4.5)^a

25.6 (8.5)^b

34.3 (8.6)^c

36.4 (9.5)^d

PROMIS Fatigue 4a score, mean (s.d.)

7.2 (2.4)^a

13.7 (3.2)^b

13.8 (3.3)^b

8.0 (2.3)^c

	Cluster 1 (n = 219)	Cluster 2 (n = 564)	Cluster 3 (n = 318)	Cluster 4 (n = 422)
Female, n (%)	189 (86.3)^a	358 (63.5)^b	288 (90.6)^a	258 (61.1)^b
Age, mean (SD)	44 (13)^a	66 (10)^b	45 (12)^a	66 (9)^b
BM, n (%)	10 (4.6)^a	330 (58.5)^b	44 (13.8)^c	156 (37)^d
CM, n (%)	4 (1.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	27 (8.5)^c	31 (7.3)^c
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian (White)	115 (52.5)^a	502 (89)^b	192 (60.4)^a	386 (91.5)^b
Asian	59 (26.9)^a	2 (0.4)^b	52 (16.4)^c	8 (1.9)^b
African American	10 (4.6)^a	26 (4.6)^a	15 (4.7)^a	12 (2.8)^a
Hispanic	13 (5.9)^{a, b}	15 (2.7)^{b, c}	28 (8.8)^a	7 (1.7)^c
Very high HDI, n (%)	176 (80.4)^a	557 (98.8)^b	277 (87.1)^a	419 (99.3)^b
Asthma	9 (4.1)^a	119 (21.1)^b	50 (15.7)^{b, c}	46 (10.9)^c
CKD	3 (1.4)^a	28 (5)^a	12 (3.8)^a	11 (2.6)^a
CLD	2 (0.9)^a	16 (2.8)^a	5 (1.6)^a	5 (1.2)^a
COPD	3 (1.4)^a	44 (7.8)^b	7 (2.2)^a	8 (1.9)^a
ILD	40 (18.3)^a	93 (16.5)^a	55 (17.3)^a	73 (17.3)^a
IHD	0 (0)^a	88 (15.6)^b	7 (2.2)^a	27 (6.4)^c
DM	5 (2.3)^a	130 (23)^b	13 (4.1)^a	59 (14)^c
Epilepsy	0 (0)^a	6 (1.1)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Dyslipidaemia	9 (4.1)^a	220 (39)^b	27 (8.5)^a	123 (29.1)^c
HIV-AIDS	1 (0.5)^a	5 (0.9)^a	1 (0.3)^a	1 (0.2)^a
Hypertension	12 (5.5)^a	289 (51.2)^b	34 (10.7)^a	164 (38.9)^c
Stroke	0 (0)^a	19 (3.4)^b	1 (0.3)^a	7 (1.7)^a,b
Tuberculosis	0 (0)^a	5 (0.9)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Organ transplant	1 (0.5)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Others	2 (0.9)^a	70 (12.4)^b	9 (2.8)^a	43 (10.2)^b
MHDs, n (%)	39 (17.8)^a	241 (42.7)^b	176 (55.3)^c	61 (14.5)^a
Anxiety	25 (11.4)^a	146 (25.9)^b	117 (36.8)^c	34 (8.1)^a
Bipolar disorder	1 (0.5)^a,b	6 (1.1)^a,b	8 (2.5)^b	1 (0.2)^a
Depression	15 (6.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	108 (34)^b	28 (6.6)^a
Eating disorder	5 (2.3)^{a, b}	4 (0.7)^b,c	11 (3.5)^a	0 (0)^a
Insomnia	7 (3.2)^a	63 (11.2)^b	53 (16.7)^b	10 (2.4)^a
Schizophrenia	1 (0.5)^a	1 (0.2)^a	1 (0.3)^a	0 (0)^a
Substance use disorders	0 (0)^a	2 (0.4)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
PROMIS Global Physical Health, mean (s.d.)	15.8 (2.1)^a	10.2 (1.9)^b	10.5 (2.3)^b	14.5 (1.7)^c
PROMIS Global Mental Health, mean (s.d.)	15.4 (2.7)^a	11.2 (2.7)^b	10.8 (3.0)^b	15.2 (2.4)^a
PROMIS Physical Function SF10a, mean (s.d.)	45.8 (4.5)^a	25.6 (8.5)^b	34.3 (8.6)^c	36.4 (9.5)^d
PROMIS Fatigue 4a score, mean (s.d.)	7.2 (2.4)^a	13.7 (3.2)^b	13.8 (3.3)^b	8.0 (2.3)^c

Table 6.

Open in new tab

Cluster analysis in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

	Cluster 1 (n = 219)	Cluster 2 (n = 564)	Cluster 3 (n = 318)	Cluster 4 (n = 422)
Female, n (%)	189 (86.3)^a	358 (63.5)^b	288 (90.6)^a	258 (61.1)^b
Age, mean (SD)	44 (13)^a	66 (10)^b	45 (12)^a	66 (9)^b
BM, n (%)	10 (4.6)^a	330 (58.5)^b	44 (13.8)^c	156 (37)^d
CM, n (%)	4 (1.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	27 (8.5)^c	31 (7.3)^c
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian (White)	115 (52.5)^a	502 (89)^b	192 (60.4)^a	386 (91.5)^b
Asian	59 (26.9)^a	2 (0.4)^b	52 (16.4)^c	8 (1.9)^b
African American	10 (4.6)^a	26 (4.6)^a	15 (4.7)^a	12 (2.8)^a
Hispanic	13 (5.9)^{a, b}	15 (2.7)^{b, c}	28 (8.8)^a	7 (1.7)^c
Very high HDI, n (%)	176 (80.4)^a	557 (98.8)^b	277 (87.1)^a	419 (99.3)^b
Asthma	9 (4.1)^a	119 (21.1)^b	50 (15.7)^{b, c}	46 (10.9)^c
CKD	3 (1.4)^a	28 (5)^a	12 (3.8)^a	11 (2.6)^a
CLD	2 (0.9)^a	16 (2.8)^a	5 (1.6)^a	5 (1.2)^a
COPD	3 (1.4)^a	44 (7.8)^b	7 (2.2)^a	8 (1.9)^a
ILD	40 (18.3)^a	93 (16.5)^a	55 (17.3)^a	73 (17.3)^a
IHD	0 (0)^a	88 (15.6)^b	7 (2.2)^a	27 (6.4)^c
DM	5 (2.3)^a	130 (23)^b	13 (4.1)^a	59 (14)^c
Epilepsy	0 (0)^a	6 (1.1)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Dyslipidaemia	9 (4.1)^a	220 (39)^b	27 (8.5)^a	123 (29.1)^c
HIV-AIDS	1 (0.5)^a	5 (0.9)^a	1 (0.3)^a	1 (0.2)^a
Hypertension	12 (5.5)^a	289 (51.2)^b	34 (10.7)^a	164 (38.9)^c
Stroke	0 (0)^a	19 (3.4)^b	1 (0.3)^a	7 (1.7)^a,b
Tuberculosis	0 (0)^a	5 (0.9)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Organ transplant	1 (0.5)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Others	2 (0.9)^a	70 (12.4)^b	9 (2.8)^a	43 (10.2)^b
MHDs, n (%)	39 (17.8)^a	241 (42.7)^b	176 (55.3)^c	61 (14.5)^a
Anxiety	25 (11.4)^a	146 (25.9)^b	117 (36.8)^c	34 (8.1)^a
Bipolar disorder	1 (0.5)^a,b	6 (1.1)^a,b	8 (2.5)^b	1 (0.2)^a
Depression	15 (6.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	108 (34)^b	28 (6.6)^a
Eating disorder	5 (2.3)^{a, b}	4 (0.7)^b,c	11 (3.5)^a	0 (0)^a
Insomnia	7 (3.2)^a	63 (11.2)^b	53 (16.7)^b	10 (2.4)^a
Schizophrenia	1 (0.5)^a	1 (0.2)^a	1 (0.3)^a	0 (0)^a
Substance use disorders	0 (0)^a	2 (0.4)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
PROMIS Global Physical Health, mean (s.d.)	15.8 (2.1)^a	10.2 (1.9)^b	10.5 (2.3)^b	14.5 (1.7)^c
PROMIS Global Mental Health, mean (s.d.)	15.4 (2.7)^a	11.2 (2.7)^b	10.8 (3.0)^b	15.2 (2.4)^a
PROMIS Physical Function SF10a, mean (s.d.)	45.8 (4.5)^a	25.6 (8.5)^b	34.3 (8.6)^c	36.4 (9.5)^d
PROMIS Fatigue 4a score, mean (s.d.)	7.2 (2.4)^a	13.7 (3.2)^b	13.8 (3.3)^b	8.0 (2.3)^c

	Cluster 1 (n = 219)	Cluster 2 (n = 564)	Cluster 3 (n = 318)	Cluster 4 (n = 422)
Female, n (%)	189 (86.3)^a	358 (63.5)^b	288 (90.6)^a	258 (61.1)^b
Age, mean (SD)	44 (13)^a	66 (10)^b	45 (12)^a	66 (9)^b
BM, n (%)	10 (4.6)^a	330 (58.5)^b	44 (13.8)^c	156 (37)^d
CM, n (%)	4 (1.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	27 (8.5)^c	31 (7.3)^c
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian (White)	115 (52.5)^a	502 (89)^b	192 (60.4)^a	386 (91.5)^b
Asian	59 (26.9)^a	2 (0.4)^b	52 (16.4)^c	8 (1.9)^b
African American	10 (4.6)^a	26 (4.6)^a	15 (4.7)^a	12 (2.8)^a
Hispanic	13 (5.9)^{a, b}	15 (2.7)^{b, c}	28 (8.8)^a	7 (1.7)^c
Very high HDI, n (%)	176 (80.4)^a	557 (98.8)^b	277 (87.1)^a	419 (99.3)^b
Asthma	9 (4.1)^a	119 (21.1)^b	50 (15.7)^{b, c}	46 (10.9)^c
CKD	3 (1.4)^a	28 (5)^a	12 (3.8)^a	11 (2.6)^a
CLD	2 (0.9)^a	16 (2.8)^a	5 (1.6)^a	5 (1.2)^a
COPD	3 (1.4)^a	44 (7.8)^b	7 (2.2)^a	8 (1.9)^a
ILD	40 (18.3)^a	93 (16.5)^a	55 (17.3)^a	73 (17.3)^a
IHD	0 (0)^a	88 (15.6)^b	7 (2.2)^a	27 (6.4)^c
DM	5 (2.3)^a	130 (23)^b	13 (4.1)^a	59 (14)^c
Epilepsy	0 (0)^a	6 (1.1)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Dyslipidaemia	9 (4.1)^a	220 (39)^b	27 (8.5)^a	123 (29.1)^c
HIV-AIDS	1 (0.5)^a	5 (0.9)^a	1 (0.3)^a	1 (0.2)^a
Hypertension	12 (5.5)^a	289 (51.2)^b	34 (10.7)^a	164 (38.9)^c
Stroke	0 (0)^a	19 (3.4)^b	1 (0.3)^a	7 (1.7)^a,b
Tuberculosis	0 (0)^a	5 (0.9)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
Organ transplant	1 (0.5)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Others	2 (0.9)^a	70 (12.4)^b	9 (2.8)^a	43 (10.2)^b
MHDs, n (%)	39 (17.8)^a	241 (42.7)^b	176 (55.3)^c	61 (14.5)^a
Anxiety	25 (11.4)^a	146 (25.9)^b	117 (36.8)^c	34 (8.1)^a
Bipolar disorder	1 (0.5)^a,b	6 (1.1)^a,b	8 (2.5)^b	1 (0.2)^a
Depression	15 (6.8)^a	153 (27.1)^b	108 (34)^b	28 (6.6)^a
Eating disorder	5 (2.3)^{a, b}	4 (0.7)^b,c	11 (3.5)^a	0 (0)^a
Insomnia	7 (3.2)^a	63 (11.2)^b	53 (16.7)^b	10 (2.4)^a
Schizophrenia	1 (0.5)^a	1 (0.2)^a	1 (0.3)^a	0 (0)^a
Substance use disorders	0 (0)^a	2 (0.4)^a	3 (0.9)^a	0 (0)^a
PROMIS Global Physical Health, mean (s.d.)	15.8 (2.1)^a	10.2 (1.9)^b	10.5 (2.3)^b	14.5 (1.7)^c
PROMIS Global Mental Health, mean (s.d.)	15.4 (2.7)^a	11.2 (2.7)^b	10.8 (3.0)^b	15.2 (2.4)^a
PROMIS Physical Function SF10a, mean (s.d.)	45.8 (4.5)^a	25.6 (8.5)^b	34.3 (8.6)^c	36.4 (9.5)^d
PROMIS Fatigue 4a score, mean (s.d.)	7.2 (2.4)^a	13.7 (3.2)^b	13.8 (3.3)^b	8.0 (2.3)^c

Each superscript letter indicates a subset of the four groups analysed for which the means or proportions showed no difference at a significance level of 0.05. BM: basic multimorbidity; CM: complex multimorbidity; HDI: Human Development Index; MHD: mental health disorder; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System.

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