Region and State . | Supply . | Demand . | FTE Gap . | % Supply to Demand . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . |
Midwest total | 56,180 | 64,150 | 53,210 | 57,390 | 2970 | 6760 | 106% | 112% |
Illinois | 10,750 | 9960 | 9220 | 9340 | 1530 | 620 | 117% | 107% |
Indiana | 4660 | 6170 | 5280 | 5840 | −620 | 330 | 88% | 106% |
Iowa | 2430 | 3650 | 2370 | 2580 | 60 | 1070 | 103% | 141% |
Kansas | 2510 | 3210 | 2220 | 2760 | 290 | 450 | 113% | 116% |
Michigan | 8640 | 6890 | 7890 | 8720 | 750 | −1830 | 110% | 79% |
Minnesota | 4500 | 5780 | 4400 | 5020 | 100 | 760 | 102% | 115% |
Missouri | 4500 | 6370 | 4900 | 5370 | −400 | 1000 | 92% | 119% |
Nebraska | 1750 | 2890 | 1470 | 1670 | 280 | 1220 | 119% | 173% |
North Dakota | 760 | 1670 | 610 | 680 | 150 | 990 | 125% | 246% |
Ohio | 9390 | 10,870 | 9430 | 9430 | −40 | 1440 | 100% | 115% |
South Dakota | 860 | 780 | 680 | 810 | 180 | −30 | 126% | 96% |
Wisconsin | 5430 | 5910 | 4740 | 5170 | 690 | 740 | 115% | 114% |
Northeast total | 56,960 | 55,610 | 44,980 | 48,680 | 11,980 | 6930 | 127% | 114% |
Connecticut | 4110 | 3370 | 2950 | 2990 | 1160 | 380 | 139% | 113% |
Maine | 1450 | 1230 | 1180 | 1430 | 270 | −200 | 123% | 86% |
Massachusetts | 7290 | 7680 | 5660 | 6320 | 1630 | 1360 | 129% | 122% |
New Hampshire | 1580 | 1540 | 1140 | 1400 | 440 | 140 | 139% | 110% |
New Jersey | 9890 | 9910 | 7080 | 7790 | 2810 | 2120 | 140% | 127% |
New York | 17,240 | 16,440 | 14,790 | 15,440 | 2450 | 1000 | 117% | 106% |
Pennsylvania | 13,850 | 13,700 | 10,730 | 11,760 | 3120 | 1940 | 129% | 116% |
Rhode Island | 900 | 1170 | 920 | 990 | −20 | 180 | 98% | 118% |
Vermont | 650 | 570 | 530 | 560 | 120 | 10 | 123% | 102% |
South total | 75,770 | 97,550 | 92,390 | 110,200 | −16,620 | −12,650 | 82% | 89% |
Alabama | 2210 | 3020 | 3860 | 4210 | −1650 | −1190 | 57% | 72% |
Arkansas | 2130 | 1980 | 2270 | 2470 | −140 | −490 | 94% | 80% |
Delaware | 740 | 1290 | 830 | 980 | −90 | 310 | 89% | 132% |
Dist. of Columbia | 230 | 410 | 430 | 470 | −200 | −60 | 53% | 87% |
Florida | 12,860 | 17,770 | 17,090 | 21,420 | −4230 | −3650 | 75% | 83% |
Georgia | 5690 | 7510 | 7530 | 8680 | −1840 | −1170 | 76% | 87% |
Kentucky | 3010 | 3680 | 3530 | 3850 | −520 | −170 | 85% | 96% |
Louisiana | 2920 | 3010 | 3440 | 3660 | −520 | −650 | 85% | 82% |
Maryland | 4520 | 5000 | 4820 | 5660 | −300 | −660 | 94% | 88% |
Mississippi | 1700 | 1910 | 2140 | 2320 | −440 | −410 | 79% | 82% |
North Carolina | 6200 | 7510 | 7790 | 9780 | −1590 | −2270 | 80% | 77% |
Oklahoma | 2030 | 2030 | 2840 | 3190 | −810 | −1160 | 71% | 64% |
South Carolina | 2820 | 4580 | 3920 | 4650 | −1100 | −70 | 72% | 98% |
Tennessee | 4460 | 5630 | 5260 | 6190 | −800 | −560 | 85% | 91% |
Texas | 17,310 | 21,810 | 18,550 | 23,690 | −1240 | −1880 | 93% | 92% |
Virginia | 5870 | 8790 | 6580 | 7540 | −710 | 1250 | 89% | 117% |
West Virginia | 1070 | 1620 | 1510 | 1440 | −440 | 180 | 71% | 113% |
West total | 44,980 | 55,760 | 55,380 | 65,920 | −10,400 | −10,160 | 81% | 85% |
Alaska | 530 | 550 | 510 | 600 | 20 | −50 | 104% | 92% |
Arizona | 3530 | 6020 | 5280 | 6840 | −1750 | −820 | 67% | 88% |
California | 21,290 | 24,950 | 26,660 | 29,780 | −5370 | −4830 | 80% | 84% |
Colorado | 4430 | 6270 | 4130 | 5190 | 300 | 1080 | 107% | 121% |
Hawaii | 560 | 670 | 1010 | 1070 | −450 | −400 | 55% | 63% |
Idaho | 1350 | 1490 | 1410 | 1760 | −60 | −270 | 96% | 85% |
Montana | 1110 | 1220 | 860 | 1000 | 250 | 220 | 129% | 122% |
Nevada | 1320 | 2020 | 2150 | 2540 | −830 | −520 | 61% | 80% |
New Mexico | 1080 | 1210 | 1490 | 1640 | −410 | −430 | 72% | 74% |
Oregon | 2640 | 2850 | 3400 | 4300 | −760 | −1450 | 78% | 66% |
Utah | 2010 | 2150 | 2160 | 3020 | −150 | −870 | 93% | 71% |
Washington | 4760 | 5920 | 5910 | 7770 | −1150 | −1850 | 81% | 76% |
Wyoming | 370 | 440 | 410 | 430 | −40 | 10 | 90% | 102% |
National total | 233,890 | 273,070 | 245,960 | 282,210 | −12,070 | −9120 | 95% | 97% |
Region and State . | Supply . | Demand . | FTE Gap . | % Supply to Demand . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . |
Midwest total | 56,180 | 64,150 | 53,210 | 57,390 | 2970 | 6760 | 106% | 112% |
Illinois | 10,750 | 9960 | 9220 | 9340 | 1530 | 620 | 117% | 107% |
Indiana | 4660 | 6170 | 5280 | 5840 | −620 | 330 | 88% | 106% |
Iowa | 2430 | 3650 | 2370 | 2580 | 60 | 1070 | 103% | 141% |
Kansas | 2510 | 3210 | 2220 | 2760 | 290 | 450 | 113% | 116% |
Michigan | 8640 | 6890 | 7890 | 8720 | 750 | −1830 | 110% | 79% |
Minnesota | 4500 | 5780 | 4400 | 5020 | 100 | 760 | 102% | 115% |
Missouri | 4500 | 6370 | 4900 | 5370 | −400 | 1000 | 92% | 119% |
Nebraska | 1750 | 2890 | 1470 | 1670 | 280 | 1220 | 119% | 173% |
North Dakota | 760 | 1670 | 610 | 680 | 150 | 990 | 125% | 246% |
Ohio | 9390 | 10,870 | 9430 | 9430 | −40 | 1440 | 100% | 115% |
South Dakota | 860 | 780 | 680 | 810 | 180 | −30 | 126% | 96% |
Wisconsin | 5430 | 5910 | 4740 | 5170 | 690 | 740 | 115% | 114% |
Northeast total | 56,960 | 55,610 | 44,980 | 48,680 | 11,980 | 6930 | 127% | 114% |
Connecticut | 4110 | 3370 | 2950 | 2990 | 1160 | 380 | 139% | 113% |
Maine | 1450 | 1230 | 1180 | 1430 | 270 | −200 | 123% | 86% |
Massachusetts | 7290 | 7680 | 5660 | 6320 | 1630 | 1360 | 129% | 122% |
New Hampshire | 1580 | 1540 | 1140 | 1400 | 440 | 140 | 139% | 110% |
New Jersey | 9890 | 9910 | 7080 | 7790 | 2810 | 2120 | 140% | 127% |
New York | 17,240 | 16,440 | 14,790 | 15,440 | 2450 | 1000 | 117% | 106% |
Pennsylvania | 13,850 | 13,700 | 10,730 | 11,760 | 3120 | 1940 | 129% | 116% |
Rhode Island | 900 | 1170 | 920 | 990 | −20 | 180 | 98% | 118% |
Vermont | 650 | 570 | 530 | 560 | 120 | 10 | 123% | 102% |
South total | 75,770 | 97,550 | 92,390 | 110,200 | −16,620 | −12,650 | 82% | 89% |
Alabama | 2210 | 3020 | 3860 | 4210 | −1650 | −1190 | 57% | 72% |
Arkansas | 2130 | 1980 | 2270 | 2470 | −140 | −490 | 94% | 80% |
Delaware | 740 | 1290 | 830 | 980 | −90 | 310 | 89% | 132% |
Dist. of Columbia | 230 | 410 | 430 | 470 | −200 | −60 | 53% | 87% |
Florida | 12,860 | 17,770 | 17,090 | 21,420 | −4230 | −3650 | 75% | 83% |
Georgia | 5690 | 7510 | 7530 | 8680 | −1840 | −1170 | 76% | 87% |
Kentucky | 3010 | 3680 | 3530 | 3850 | −520 | −170 | 85% | 96% |
Louisiana | 2920 | 3010 | 3440 | 3660 | −520 | −650 | 85% | 82% |
Maryland | 4520 | 5000 | 4820 | 5660 | −300 | −660 | 94% | 88% |
Mississippi | 1700 | 1910 | 2140 | 2320 | −440 | −410 | 79% | 82% |
North Carolina | 6200 | 7510 | 7790 | 9780 | −1590 | −2270 | 80% | 77% |
Oklahoma | 2030 | 2030 | 2840 | 3190 | −810 | −1160 | 71% | 64% |
South Carolina | 2820 | 4580 | 3920 | 4650 | −1100 | −70 | 72% | 98% |
Tennessee | 4460 | 5630 | 5260 | 6190 | −800 | −560 | 85% | 91% |
Texas | 17,310 | 21,810 | 18,550 | 23,690 | −1240 | −1880 | 93% | 92% |
Virginia | 5870 | 8790 | 6580 | 7540 | −710 | 1250 | 89% | 117% |
West Virginia | 1070 | 1620 | 1510 | 1440 | −440 | 180 | 71% | 113% |
West total | 44,980 | 55,760 | 55,380 | 65,920 | −10,400 | −10,160 | 81% | 85% |
Alaska | 530 | 550 | 510 | 600 | 20 | −50 | 104% | 92% |
Arizona | 3530 | 6020 | 5280 | 6840 | −1750 | −820 | 67% | 88% |
California | 21,290 | 24,950 | 26,660 | 29,780 | −5370 | −4830 | 80% | 84% |
Colorado | 4430 | 6270 | 4130 | 5190 | 300 | 1080 | 107% | 121% |
Hawaii | 560 | 670 | 1010 | 1070 | −450 | −400 | 55% | 63% |
Idaho | 1350 | 1490 | 1410 | 1760 | −60 | −270 | 96% | 85% |
Montana | 1110 | 1220 | 860 | 1000 | 250 | 220 | 129% | 122% |
Nevada | 1320 | 2020 | 2150 | 2540 | −830 | −520 | 61% | 80% |
New Mexico | 1080 | 1210 | 1490 | 1640 | −410 | −430 | 72% | 74% |
Oregon | 2640 | 2850 | 3400 | 4300 | −760 | −1450 | 78% | 66% |
Utah | 2010 | 2150 | 2160 | 3020 | −150 | −870 | 93% | 71% |
Washington | 4760 | 5920 | 5910 | 7770 | −1150 | −1850 | 81% | 76% |
Wyoming | 370 | 440 | 410 | 430 | −40 | 10 | 90% | 102% |
National total | 233,890 | 273,070 | 245,960 | 282,210 | −12,070 | −9120 | 95% | 97% |
FTE = full-time equivalent.
Region and State . | Supply . | Demand . | FTE Gap . | % Supply to Demand . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . |
Midwest total | 56,180 | 64,150 | 53,210 | 57,390 | 2970 | 6760 | 106% | 112% |
Illinois | 10,750 | 9960 | 9220 | 9340 | 1530 | 620 | 117% | 107% |
Indiana | 4660 | 6170 | 5280 | 5840 | −620 | 330 | 88% | 106% |
Iowa | 2430 | 3650 | 2370 | 2580 | 60 | 1070 | 103% | 141% |
Kansas | 2510 | 3210 | 2220 | 2760 | 290 | 450 | 113% | 116% |
Michigan | 8640 | 6890 | 7890 | 8720 | 750 | −1830 | 110% | 79% |
Minnesota | 4500 | 5780 | 4400 | 5020 | 100 | 760 | 102% | 115% |
Missouri | 4500 | 6370 | 4900 | 5370 | −400 | 1000 | 92% | 119% |
Nebraska | 1750 | 2890 | 1470 | 1670 | 280 | 1220 | 119% | 173% |
North Dakota | 760 | 1670 | 610 | 680 | 150 | 990 | 125% | 246% |
Ohio | 9390 | 10,870 | 9430 | 9430 | −40 | 1440 | 100% | 115% |
South Dakota | 860 | 780 | 680 | 810 | 180 | −30 | 126% | 96% |
Wisconsin | 5430 | 5910 | 4740 | 5170 | 690 | 740 | 115% | 114% |
Northeast total | 56,960 | 55,610 | 44,980 | 48,680 | 11,980 | 6930 | 127% | 114% |
Connecticut | 4110 | 3370 | 2950 | 2990 | 1160 | 380 | 139% | 113% |
Maine | 1450 | 1230 | 1180 | 1430 | 270 | −200 | 123% | 86% |
Massachusetts | 7290 | 7680 | 5660 | 6320 | 1630 | 1360 | 129% | 122% |
New Hampshire | 1580 | 1540 | 1140 | 1400 | 440 | 140 | 139% | 110% |
New Jersey | 9890 | 9910 | 7080 | 7790 | 2810 | 2120 | 140% | 127% |
New York | 17,240 | 16,440 | 14,790 | 15,440 | 2450 | 1000 | 117% | 106% |
Pennsylvania | 13,850 | 13,700 | 10,730 | 11,760 | 3120 | 1940 | 129% | 116% |
Rhode Island | 900 | 1170 | 920 | 990 | −20 | 180 | 98% | 118% |
Vermont | 650 | 570 | 530 | 560 | 120 | 10 | 123% | 102% |
South total | 75,770 | 97,550 | 92,390 | 110,200 | −16,620 | −12,650 | 82% | 89% |
Alabama | 2210 | 3020 | 3860 | 4210 | −1650 | −1190 | 57% | 72% |
Arkansas | 2130 | 1980 | 2270 | 2470 | −140 | −490 | 94% | 80% |
Delaware | 740 | 1290 | 830 | 980 | −90 | 310 | 89% | 132% |
Dist. of Columbia | 230 | 410 | 430 | 470 | −200 | −60 | 53% | 87% |
Florida | 12,860 | 17,770 | 17,090 | 21,420 | −4230 | −3650 | 75% | 83% |
Georgia | 5690 | 7510 | 7530 | 8680 | −1840 | −1170 | 76% | 87% |
Kentucky | 3010 | 3680 | 3530 | 3850 | −520 | −170 | 85% | 96% |
Louisiana | 2920 | 3010 | 3440 | 3660 | −520 | −650 | 85% | 82% |
Maryland | 4520 | 5000 | 4820 | 5660 | −300 | −660 | 94% | 88% |
Mississippi | 1700 | 1910 | 2140 | 2320 | −440 | −410 | 79% | 82% |
North Carolina | 6200 | 7510 | 7790 | 9780 | −1590 | −2270 | 80% | 77% |
Oklahoma | 2030 | 2030 | 2840 | 3190 | −810 | −1160 | 71% | 64% |
South Carolina | 2820 | 4580 | 3920 | 4650 | −1100 | −70 | 72% | 98% |
Tennessee | 4460 | 5630 | 5260 | 6190 | −800 | −560 | 85% | 91% |
Texas | 17,310 | 21,810 | 18,550 | 23,690 | −1240 | −1880 | 93% | 92% |
Virginia | 5870 | 8790 | 6580 | 7540 | −710 | 1250 | 89% | 117% |
West Virginia | 1070 | 1620 | 1510 | 1440 | −440 | 180 | 71% | 113% |
West total | 44,980 | 55,760 | 55,380 | 65,920 | −10,400 | −10,160 | 81% | 85% |
Alaska | 530 | 550 | 510 | 600 | 20 | −50 | 104% | 92% |
Arizona | 3530 | 6020 | 5280 | 6840 | −1750 | −820 | 67% | 88% |
California | 21,290 | 24,950 | 26,660 | 29,780 | −5370 | −4830 | 80% | 84% |
Colorado | 4430 | 6270 | 4130 | 5190 | 300 | 1080 | 107% | 121% |
Hawaii | 560 | 670 | 1010 | 1070 | −450 | −400 | 55% | 63% |
Idaho | 1350 | 1490 | 1410 | 1760 | −60 | −270 | 96% | 85% |
Montana | 1110 | 1220 | 860 | 1000 | 250 | 220 | 129% | 122% |
Nevada | 1320 | 2020 | 2150 | 2540 | −830 | −520 | 61% | 80% |
New Mexico | 1080 | 1210 | 1490 | 1640 | −410 | −430 | 72% | 74% |
Oregon | 2640 | 2850 | 3400 | 4300 | −760 | −1450 | 78% | 66% |
Utah | 2010 | 2150 | 2160 | 3020 | −150 | −870 | 93% | 71% |
Washington | 4760 | 5920 | 5910 | 7770 | −1150 | −1850 | 81% | 76% |
Wyoming | 370 | 440 | 410 | 430 | −40 | 10 | 90% | 102% |
National total | 233,890 | 273,070 | 245,960 | 282,210 | −12,070 | −9120 | 95% | 97% |
Region and State . | Supply . | Demand . | FTE Gap . | % Supply to Demand . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . | 2022 . | 2037 . |
Midwest total | 56,180 | 64,150 | 53,210 | 57,390 | 2970 | 6760 | 106% | 112% |
Illinois | 10,750 | 9960 | 9220 | 9340 | 1530 | 620 | 117% | 107% |
Indiana | 4660 | 6170 | 5280 | 5840 | −620 | 330 | 88% | 106% |
Iowa | 2430 | 3650 | 2370 | 2580 | 60 | 1070 | 103% | 141% |
Kansas | 2510 | 3210 | 2220 | 2760 | 290 | 450 | 113% | 116% |
Michigan | 8640 | 6890 | 7890 | 8720 | 750 | −1830 | 110% | 79% |
Minnesota | 4500 | 5780 | 4400 | 5020 | 100 | 760 | 102% | 115% |
Missouri | 4500 | 6370 | 4900 | 5370 | −400 | 1000 | 92% | 119% |
Nebraska | 1750 | 2890 | 1470 | 1670 | 280 | 1220 | 119% | 173% |
North Dakota | 760 | 1670 | 610 | 680 | 150 | 990 | 125% | 246% |
Ohio | 9390 | 10,870 | 9430 | 9430 | −40 | 1440 | 100% | 115% |
South Dakota | 860 | 780 | 680 | 810 | 180 | −30 | 126% | 96% |
Wisconsin | 5430 | 5910 | 4740 | 5170 | 690 | 740 | 115% | 114% |
Northeast total | 56,960 | 55,610 | 44,980 | 48,680 | 11,980 | 6930 | 127% | 114% |
Connecticut | 4110 | 3370 | 2950 | 2990 | 1160 | 380 | 139% | 113% |
Maine | 1450 | 1230 | 1180 | 1430 | 270 | −200 | 123% | 86% |
Massachusetts | 7290 | 7680 | 5660 | 6320 | 1630 | 1360 | 129% | 122% |
New Hampshire | 1580 | 1540 | 1140 | 1400 | 440 | 140 | 139% | 110% |
New Jersey | 9890 | 9910 | 7080 | 7790 | 2810 | 2120 | 140% | 127% |
New York | 17,240 | 16,440 | 14,790 | 15,440 | 2450 | 1000 | 117% | 106% |
Pennsylvania | 13,850 | 13,700 | 10,730 | 11,760 | 3120 | 1940 | 129% | 116% |
Rhode Island | 900 | 1170 | 920 | 990 | −20 | 180 | 98% | 118% |
Vermont | 650 | 570 | 530 | 560 | 120 | 10 | 123% | 102% |
South total | 75,770 | 97,550 | 92,390 | 110,200 | −16,620 | −12,650 | 82% | 89% |
Alabama | 2210 | 3020 | 3860 | 4210 | −1650 | −1190 | 57% | 72% |
Arkansas | 2130 | 1980 | 2270 | 2470 | −140 | −490 | 94% | 80% |
Delaware | 740 | 1290 | 830 | 980 | −90 | 310 | 89% | 132% |
Dist. of Columbia | 230 | 410 | 430 | 470 | −200 | −60 | 53% | 87% |
Florida | 12,860 | 17,770 | 17,090 | 21,420 | −4230 | −3650 | 75% | 83% |
Georgia | 5690 | 7510 | 7530 | 8680 | −1840 | −1170 | 76% | 87% |
Kentucky | 3010 | 3680 | 3530 | 3850 | −520 | −170 | 85% | 96% |
Louisiana | 2920 | 3010 | 3440 | 3660 | −520 | −650 | 85% | 82% |
Maryland | 4520 | 5000 | 4820 | 5660 | −300 | −660 | 94% | 88% |
Mississippi | 1700 | 1910 | 2140 | 2320 | −440 | −410 | 79% | 82% |
North Carolina | 6200 | 7510 | 7790 | 9780 | −1590 | −2270 | 80% | 77% |
Oklahoma | 2030 | 2030 | 2840 | 3190 | −810 | −1160 | 71% | 64% |
South Carolina | 2820 | 4580 | 3920 | 4650 | −1100 | −70 | 72% | 98% |
Tennessee | 4460 | 5630 | 5260 | 6190 | −800 | −560 | 85% | 91% |
Texas | 17,310 | 21,810 | 18,550 | 23,690 | −1240 | −1880 | 93% | 92% |
Virginia | 5870 | 8790 | 6580 | 7540 | −710 | 1250 | 89% | 117% |
West Virginia | 1070 | 1620 | 1510 | 1440 | −440 | 180 | 71% | 113% |
West total | 44,980 | 55,760 | 55,380 | 65,920 | −10,400 | −10,160 | 81% | 85% |
Alaska | 530 | 550 | 510 | 600 | 20 | −50 | 104% | 92% |
Arizona | 3530 | 6020 | 5280 | 6840 | −1750 | −820 | 67% | 88% |
California | 21,290 | 24,950 | 26,660 | 29,780 | −5370 | −4830 | 80% | 84% |
Colorado | 4430 | 6270 | 4130 | 5190 | 300 | 1080 | 107% | 121% |
Hawaii | 560 | 670 | 1010 | 1070 | −450 | −400 | 55% | 63% |
Idaho | 1350 | 1490 | 1410 | 1760 | −60 | −270 | 96% | 85% |
Montana | 1110 | 1220 | 860 | 1000 | 250 | 220 | 129% | 122% |
Nevada | 1320 | 2020 | 2150 | 2540 | −830 | −520 | 61% | 80% |
New Mexico | 1080 | 1210 | 1490 | 1640 | −410 | −430 | 72% | 74% |
Oregon | 2640 | 2850 | 3400 | 4300 | −760 | −1450 | 78% | 66% |
Utah | 2010 | 2150 | 2160 | 3020 | −150 | −870 | 93% | 71% |
Washington | 4760 | 5920 | 5910 | 7770 | −1150 | −1850 | 81% | 76% |
Wyoming | 370 | 440 | 410 | 430 | −40 | 10 | 90% | 102% |
National total | 233,890 | 273,070 | 245,960 | 282,210 | −12,070 | −9120 | 95% | 97% |
FTE = full-time equivalent.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.