Univariable- and multivariable-adjusted associations with major adverse events
| . | Univariable . | Model 1a (traditional risk factors) . | Model 2b (+body composition) . | Model 3c (+CFR) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model statistic . | P-value . | Model statistic . | P-value* . | Model statistic . | P-value* . |
| Global χ2 | 26.8 | Ref. | 65.4 | <.001 | 74.5 | <.001 | |
| AIC | 1157 | 1129 | 1121 | ||||
| . | Univariable . | Model 1a (traditional risk factors) . | Model 2b (+body composition) . | Model 3c (+CFR) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model statistic . | P-value . | Model statistic . | P-value* . | Model statistic . | P-value* . |
| Global χ2 | 26.8 | Ref. | 65.4 | <.001 | 74.5 | <.001 | |
| AIC | 1157 | 1129 | 1121 | ||||
| Variable . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest clinical score | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | .001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | .01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | .03 |
| Nonwhite race | .99 (.66–1.47) | .95 | .97 (.65–1.44) | .86 | 1.16 (.77–1.74) | .48 | 1.20 (.80–1.80) | .38 |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.99 (1.15–3.45) | .01 | 1.56 (.89–2.74) | .12 | 1.37 (.78–2.40) | .27 | 1.43 (.82–2.50) | .21 |
| LVEF (+10%) | .69 (.56–.86) | .001 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 | .72 (.57–.89) | .003 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 |
| BMI (+10 kg/m2) | .90 (.69–1.18 | .46 | .89 (.67–1.18) | .42 | 1.08 (.60–1.95) | .80 | 1.06 (.58–1.92) | .85 |
| SAT area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.96–1.00) | .078 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | ||
| SM area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.90–1.10) | .60 | .88 (.80–.96) | .006 | .89 (.81–.97) | .01 | ||
| IMAT area (+10 cm2) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.35–1.86) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.30–1.80) | <.0001 | ||
| Coronary flow reserve (−1 U) | 1.81 (1.28–2.56) | .001 | 1.78 (1.23–2.58) | .002 | ||||
| +Interaction (IMAT × CFR) | .02 | |||||||
| Fatty muscle fraction (+1%) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <.001 | ||
| +Interaction (FMF × CFR) | .04 |
| Variable . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest clinical score | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | .001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | .01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | .03 |
| Nonwhite race | .99 (.66–1.47) | .95 | .97 (.65–1.44) | .86 | 1.16 (.77–1.74) | .48 | 1.20 (.80–1.80) | .38 |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.99 (1.15–3.45) | .01 | 1.56 (.89–2.74) | .12 | 1.37 (.78–2.40) | .27 | 1.43 (.82–2.50) | .21 |
| LVEF (+10%) | .69 (.56–.86) | .001 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 | .72 (.57–.89) | .003 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 |
| BMI (+10 kg/m2) | .90 (.69–1.18 | .46 | .89 (.67–1.18) | .42 | 1.08 (.60–1.95) | .80 | 1.06 (.58–1.92) | .85 |
| SAT area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.96–1.00) | .078 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | ||
| SM area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.90–1.10) | .60 | .88 (.80–.96) | .006 | .89 (.81–.97) | .01 | ||
| IMAT area (+10 cm2) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.35–1.86) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.30–1.80) | <.0001 | ||
| Coronary flow reserve (−1 U) | 1.81 (1.28–2.56) | .001 | 1.78 (1.23–2.58) | .002 | ||||
| +Interaction (IMAT × CFR) | .02 | |||||||
| Fatty muscle fraction (+1%) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <.001 | ||
| +Interaction (FMF × CFR) | .04 |
Major adverse events include death and hospitalization for nonfatal myocardial infarction or heart failure.
CFR, coronary flow reserve; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SM, skeletal muscle; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; FMF, fatty muscle fraction; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
aAdjusted for pretest clinical score (includes age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, family history of premature CAD, tobacco use, anginal symptoms, oestrogen status, and presence of BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2), race, eGFR, LVEF, and BMI.
bAdjusted for pretest clinical score, race, eGFR, LVEF, BMI, and body composition metrics (SAT, SM, IMAT, or FMF).
cAdjusted for pretest clinical score, race, eGFR, LVEF, BMI, body composition metrics (SAT, SM, IMAT, or FMF), and CFR.
*P-value for likelihood ratio test between sequential models; AIC, Akaike information criterion, lower value indicates better model fit.
Univariable- and multivariable-adjusted associations with major adverse events
| . | Univariable . | Model 1a (traditional risk factors) . | Model 2b (+body composition) . | Model 3c (+CFR) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model statistic . | P-value . | Model statistic . | P-value* . | Model statistic . | P-value* . |
| Global χ2 | 26.8 | Ref. | 65.4 | <.001 | 74.5 | <.001 | |
| AIC | 1157 | 1129 | 1121 | ||||
| . | Univariable . | Model 1a (traditional risk factors) . | Model 2b (+body composition) . | Model 3c (+CFR) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Model statistic . | P-value . | Model statistic . | P-value* . | Model statistic . | P-value* . |
| Global χ2 | 26.8 | Ref. | 65.4 | <.001 | 74.5 | <.001 | |
| AIC | 1157 | 1129 | 1121 | ||||
| Variable . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest clinical score | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | .001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | .01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | .03 |
| Nonwhite race | .99 (.66–1.47) | .95 | .97 (.65–1.44) | .86 | 1.16 (.77–1.74) | .48 | 1.20 (.80–1.80) | .38 |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.99 (1.15–3.45) | .01 | 1.56 (.89–2.74) | .12 | 1.37 (.78–2.40) | .27 | 1.43 (.82–2.50) | .21 |
| LVEF (+10%) | .69 (.56–.86) | .001 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 | .72 (.57–.89) | .003 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 |
| BMI (+10 kg/m2) | .90 (.69–1.18 | .46 | .89 (.67–1.18) | .42 | 1.08 (.60–1.95) | .80 | 1.06 (.58–1.92) | .85 |
| SAT area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.96–1.00) | .078 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | ||
| SM area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.90–1.10) | .60 | .88 (.80–.96) | .006 | .89 (.81–.97) | .01 | ||
| IMAT area (+10 cm2) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.35–1.86) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.30–1.80) | <.0001 | ||
| Coronary flow reserve (−1 U) | 1.81 (1.28–2.56) | .001 | 1.78 (1.23–2.58) | .002 | ||||
| +Interaction (IMAT × CFR) | .02 | |||||||
| Fatty muscle fraction (+1%) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <.001 | ||
| +Interaction (FMF × CFR) | .04 |
| Variable . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . | HR (95% CI) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest clinical score | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | .001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | .01 | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | .03 |
| Nonwhite race | .99 (.66–1.47) | .95 | .97 (.65–1.44) | .86 | 1.16 (.77–1.74) | .48 | 1.20 (.80–1.80) | .38 |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.99 (1.15–3.45) | .01 | 1.56 (.89–2.74) | .12 | 1.37 (.78–2.40) | .27 | 1.43 (.82–2.50) | .21 |
| LVEF (+10%) | .69 (.56–.86) | .001 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 | .72 (.57–.89) | .003 | .70 (.56–.87) | .001 |
| BMI (+10 kg/m2) | .90 (.69–1.18 | .46 | .89 (.67–1.18) | .42 | 1.08 (.60–1.95) | .80 | 1.06 (.58–1.92) | .85 |
| SAT area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.96–1.00) | .078 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | .94 (.91–.98) | .003 | ||
| SM area (+10 cm2) | .98 (.90–1.10) | .60 | .88 (.80–.96) | .006 | .89 (.81–.97) | .01 | ||
| IMAT area (+10 cm2) | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.35–1.86) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.30–1.80) | <.0001 | ||
| Coronary flow reserve (−1 U) | 1.81 (1.28–2.56) | .001 | 1.78 (1.23–2.58) | .002 | ||||
| +Interaction (IMAT × CFR) | .02 | |||||||
| Fatty muscle fraction (+1%) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <.001 | ||
| +Interaction (FMF × CFR) | .04 |
Major adverse events include death and hospitalization for nonfatal myocardial infarction or heart failure.
CFR, coronary flow reserve; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SM, skeletal muscle; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; FMF, fatty muscle fraction; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
aAdjusted for pretest clinical score (includes age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, family history of premature CAD, tobacco use, anginal symptoms, oestrogen status, and presence of BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2), race, eGFR, LVEF, and BMI.
bAdjusted for pretest clinical score, race, eGFR, LVEF, BMI, and body composition metrics (SAT, SM, IMAT, or FMF).
cAdjusted for pretest clinical score, race, eGFR, LVEF, BMI, body composition metrics (SAT, SM, IMAT, or FMF), and CFR.
*P-value for likelihood ratio test between sequential models; AIC, Akaike information criterion, lower value indicates better model fit.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
