Demographic and Clinical Features in the Stage 2 Evaluation (Malawi and Zimbabwe) of Patients With Suspected Tuberculous Meningitis
| Characteristic . | Definite TB (n = 21) . | Non-TB (n = 598) . | Probable TB (n = 8) . | Possible TB (n = 59) . | P Value, Definite TB vs Non-TB . | Definite and Probable TB (n = 29) . | P Value, Definite TB and Probable TB vs Non-TB . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 16 (76.2%) | 304 (50.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 32 (54.2%) | .0222 | 21 (72.4%) | .0231 |
| Female sex | 5 (23.8%) | 294 (49.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 27 (45.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | .0231 | |
| Age, y | 29.5 (24–44.5) | 36 (28–44) | 33 (29.8–39.5) | 38 (30.8–45.3) | ns | 31.5 (24–40) | ns |
| PWH | 14 (66.7%) | 390 (63.8%) | 7 (87.5%) | 48 (81.4%) | ns | 21 (72.4%) | ns |
| HIV uninfected | 6 (28.6%) | 155 (28.1%) | 0 | 6 (10.1%) | ns | 6 (20.7%) | ns |
| HIV status unknown | 1 (4.7%) | 53 (8.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (8.5%) | ns | 2 (6.9%) | ns |
| CD4 count, cells/mL | 57 (49–124.5) | 60 (16.8–141.8) | 38 (38–38) | 115 (73.25–430) | ns | 81 (43.5–279) | ns |
| CSF glucose, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.2–3.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 3.7 (2.85–4.4) | 2.9 (1.55–4.08) | < .0001 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) | .0005 |
| CSF protein, g/L | 2.7 (1.6–4.3) | 0.43 (0.3–0.9) | 0.56 (0.31–1.33) | 1.2 (0.57–3.33) | .0002 | 1.99 (0.51–3.46) | .0006 |
| CSF lymphocytes, cells/μL | 3 (2–15) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–10) | ns | 3 (1.75–6.25) | ns |
| CSF IFN-γ, pg/mL | 44.3 (11.2–131.1) | 1.3 (0–5.4) | 1.22 (0–9.40) | 3.6 (0.27–17.32) | .0031 | 14.88 (4.86–93.3) | .0044 |
| Alive at follow-up | 10 (47.6%) | 473 (79.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 40 (67.8%) | .0006 | 15 (51.7%) | .0005 |
| Deceased at follow-up | 11 (52.4%) | 110 (18.4%) | 3 (37.5%) | 19 (32.2%) | .0001 | 14 (48.3%) | .0001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 0 | 15 (2.5%) | 0 | 0 | ns | 0 | ns |
| Characteristic . | Definite TB (n = 21) . | Non-TB (n = 598) . | Probable TB (n = 8) . | Possible TB (n = 59) . | P Value, Definite TB vs Non-TB . | Definite and Probable TB (n = 29) . | P Value, Definite TB and Probable TB vs Non-TB . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 16 (76.2%) | 304 (50.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 32 (54.2%) | .0222 | 21 (72.4%) | .0231 |
| Female sex | 5 (23.8%) | 294 (49.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 27 (45.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | .0231 | |
| Age, y | 29.5 (24–44.5) | 36 (28–44) | 33 (29.8–39.5) | 38 (30.8–45.3) | ns | 31.5 (24–40) | ns |
| PWH | 14 (66.7%) | 390 (63.8%) | 7 (87.5%) | 48 (81.4%) | ns | 21 (72.4%) | ns |
| HIV uninfected | 6 (28.6%) | 155 (28.1%) | 0 | 6 (10.1%) | ns | 6 (20.7%) | ns |
| HIV status unknown | 1 (4.7%) | 53 (8.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (8.5%) | ns | 2 (6.9%) | ns |
| CD4 count, cells/mL | 57 (49–124.5) | 60 (16.8–141.8) | 38 (38–38) | 115 (73.25–430) | ns | 81 (43.5–279) | ns |
| CSF glucose, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.2–3.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 3.7 (2.85–4.4) | 2.9 (1.55–4.08) | < .0001 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) | .0005 |
| CSF protein, g/L | 2.7 (1.6–4.3) | 0.43 (0.3–0.9) | 0.56 (0.31–1.33) | 1.2 (0.57–3.33) | .0002 | 1.99 (0.51–3.46) | .0006 |
| CSF lymphocytes, cells/μL | 3 (2–15) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–10) | ns | 3 (1.75–6.25) | ns |
| CSF IFN-γ, pg/mL | 44.3 (11.2–131.1) | 1.3 (0–5.4) | 1.22 (0–9.40) | 3.6 (0.27–17.32) | .0031 | 14.88 (4.86–93.3) | .0044 |
| Alive at follow-up | 10 (47.6%) | 473 (79.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 40 (67.8%) | .0006 | 15 (51.7%) | .0005 |
| Deceased at follow-up | 11 (52.4%) | 110 (18.4%) | 3 (37.5%) | 19 (32.2%) | .0001 | 14 (48.3%) | .0001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 0 | 15 (2.5%) | 0 | 0 | ns | 0 | ns |
Data are presented as No. (%) or median (interquartile range). Values in bold indicate significance (P ≤ .05).
Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; ns, not significant; PWH, people with human immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis.
Demographic and Clinical Features in the Stage 2 Evaluation (Malawi and Zimbabwe) of Patients With Suspected Tuberculous Meningitis
| Characteristic . | Definite TB (n = 21) . | Non-TB (n = 598) . | Probable TB (n = 8) . | Possible TB (n = 59) . | P Value, Definite TB vs Non-TB . | Definite and Probable TB (n = 29) . | P Value, Definite TB and Probable TB vs Non-TB . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 16 (76.2%) | 304 (50.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 32 (54.2%) | .0222 | 21 (72.4%) | .0231 |
| Female sex | 5 (23.8%) | 294 (49.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 27 (45.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | .0231 | |
| Age, y | 29.5 (24–44.5) | 36 (28–44) | 33 (29.8–39.5) | 38 (30.8–45.3) | ns | 31.5 (24–40) | ns |
| PWH | 14 (66.7%) | 390 (63.8%) | 7 (87.5%) | 48 (81.4%) | ns | 21 (72.4%) | ns |
| HIV uninfected | 6 (28.6%) | 155 (28.1%) | 0 | 6 (10.1%) | ns | 6 (20.7%) | ns |
| HIV status unknown | 1 (4.7%) | 53 (8.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (8.5%) | ns | 2 (6.9%) | ns |
| CD4 count, cells/mL | 57 (49–124.5) | 60 (16.8–141.8) | 38 (38–38) | 115 (73.25–430) | ns | 81 (43.5–279) | ns |
| CSF glucose, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.2–3.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 3.7 (2.85–4.4) | 2.9 (1.55–4.08) | < .0001 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) | .0005 |
| CSF protein, g/L | 2.7 (1.6–4.3) | 0.43 (0.3–0.9) | 0.56 (0.31–1.33) | 1.2 (0.57–3.33) | .0002 | 1.99 (0.51–3.46) | .0006 |
| CSF lymphocytes, cells/μL | 3 (2–15) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–10) | ns | 3 (1.75–6.25) | ns |
| CSF IFN-γ, pg/mL | 44.3 (11.2–131.1) | 1.3 (0–5.4) | 1.22 (0–9.40) | 3.6 (0.27–17.32) | .0031 | 14.88 (4.86–93.3) | .0044 |
| Alive at follow-up | 10 (47.6%) | 473 (79.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 40 (67.8%) | .0006 | 15 (51.7%) | .0005 |
| Deceased at follow-up | 11 (52.4%) | 110 (18.4%) | 3 (37.5%) | 19 (32.2%) | .0001 | 14 (48.3%) | .0001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 0 | 15 (2.5%) | 0 | 0 | ns | 0 | ns |
| Characteristic . | Definite TB (n = 21) . | Non-TB (n = 598) . | Probable TB (n = 8) . | Possible TB (n = 59) . | P Value, Definite TB vs Non-TB . | Definite and Probable TB (n = 29) . | P Value, Definite TB and Probable TB vs Non-TB . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 16 (76.2%) | 304 (50.8%) | 5 (62.5%) | 32 (54.2%) | .0222 | 21 (72.4%) | .0231 |
| Female sex | 5 (23.8%) | 294 (49.2%) | 3 (37.5%) | 27 (45.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | .0231 | |
| Age, y | 29.5 (24–44.5) | 36 (28–44) | 33 (29.8–39.5) | 38 (30.8–45.3) | ns | 31.5 (24–40) | ns |
| PWH | 14 (66.7%) | 390 (63.8%) | 7 (87.5%) | 48 (81.4%) | ns | 21 (72.4%) | ns |
| HIV uninfected | 6 (28.6%) | 155 (28.1%) | 0 | 6 (10.1%) | ns | 6 (20.7%) | ns |
| HIV status unknown | 1 (4.7%) | 53 (8.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (8.5%) | ns | 2 (6.9%) | ns |
| CD4 count, cells/mL | 57 (49–124.5) | 60 (16.8–141.8) | 38 (38–38) | 115 (73.25–430) | ns | 81 (43.5–279) | ns |
| CSF glucose, mmol/L | 1.9 (1.2–3.3) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 3.7 (2.85–4.4) | 2.9 (1.55–4.08) | < .0001 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) | .0005 |
| CSF protein, g/L | 2.7 (1.6–4.3) | 0.43 (0.3–0.9) | 0.56 (0.31–1.33) | 1.2 (0.57–3.33) | .0002 | 1.99 (0.51–3.46) | .0006 |
| CSF lymphocytes, cells/μL | 3 (2–15) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–10) | ns | 3 (1.75–6.25) | ns |
| CSF IFN-γ, pg/mL | 44.3 (11.2–131.1) | 1.3 (0–5.4) | 1.22 (0–9.40) | 3.6 (0.27–17.32) | .0031 | 14.88 (4.86–93.3) | .0044 |
| Alive at follow-up | 10 (47.6%) | 473 (79.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 40 (67.8%) | .0006 | 15 (51.7%) | .0005 |
| Deceased at follow-up | 11 (52.4%) | 110 (18.4%) | 3 (37.5%) | 19 (32.2%) | .0001 | 14 (48.3%) | .0001 |
| Lost to follow-up | 0 | 15 (2.5%) | 0 | 0 | ns | 0 | ns |
Data are presented as No. (%) or median (interquartile range). Values in bold indicate significance (P ≤ .05).
Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; ns, not significant; PWH, people with human immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis.
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