Table 2 Open in new tab... | Oxford Academic

							p
LVEF (%)	46.9 (40.6–53.2)	46.6 (41.2–52)	0.3 (−3.4–4)	43.2 (37.8–48.6)	43.8 (38.3–49.1)	−0.6 (−2.5–1.4)	0.815	0.787
LVEDV (mL)	109 (77.9–140)	98.6 (75.6–122)	10.1 (−1.8–22)	130 (98–162)	128 (97.2–159)	2.2 (−13.8–18.2)	0.513	0.261
LVEDVI (mL/m²⁾	56.9 (41.1–72.8)	52.9 (41.1–64.7)	4 (−1.9–10.1)	64.1 (48.3–80)	62 (48–75)	2.5 (−7–12)	0.532	0.550
LVESV (mL)	59.2 (40.8–77.7)	56.7 (40.4–73)	2.5 (−7.7–12.8)	78. (54–103)	77.2 (53–101)	1.3 (−10.6–13.2)	0.352	0.547
LVESVI (mL/m²⁾	30.6 (21.2–40.1)	30.6 (21.8–39.4)	0.03 (−5.2–5.2)	37.3 (26.7–48.2)	36.5 (26.4–46.5)	0.97 (−5–7)	0.510	0.856
LVESD (mm)	38.4 (33.4–43.5)	36.5 (32.9–40.1)	1.9 (−1.1–5)	35.4 (30.5–40.3)	34.7 (30–39.4)	0.7 (−1.9–3.3)	0.329	0.679
LVEDD (mm)	52.4 (48.4–56.5)	50.2 (47–53.5)	2.19 (0.2–4.2)	51.6 (47.4–55.8)	51.4 (47.5–55.2)	0.25 (−1.7–2.2)	0.860	0.166
TAPSE (mm)	18.9 (16.4–21.5)	16.4 (14.8–18)	2.5 (−0.9–6)	16.2 (14.6–17.9)	16.4 (14.8–18)	−0.22 (−1.3–0.9)	0.083	0.077
sPAP(mmHg + CVP)	28.9 (22.8–34.9)	28.5 (19.8–37.3)	0.4 (−6.9–7.6)	31.9 (28–35.9)	28.1 (22.7–33.6)	3.9 (−0.7–8.5)	0.269	0.335
E (cm/s)	94.1 (82.8–105)	94.2 (82.6–106)	−0.1 (−11.3–11.2)	109 (94.2–125)	104 (88–121)	5.5 (−8.8–19.8)	0.140	0.229
E/e´ ratio	16.7 (14.8–18.5)	15.2 (13.6–16.9)	1.4 (−0.8–3.7)	16.6 (13.4–19.8)	17.3 (14–20.6)	−0.7 (−2.8–1.4)	0.408	0.088
LA Strain (%)	4.9 (3.2–6.6)	6.6 (3.6–9.6)	−1.7 (−4.1–0.7)	5.7 (2.4–9)	6.1 (3.7–8.5)	−0.4 (−3.1–2.3)	0.589	0.361
LAV (mL)	109 (95.9–122)	78 (67.7–88.3)	30.9 (20.1–41.7)	113 (91.6–134)	103 (82.5–123)	10.5 (0.4–20.5)	0.975	<0.001
LAESVI (mL/m²)	55.5 (48.1–62.9)	39.8 (34.1–45.5)	15.7 (9.8–21.6)	55.7 (44.7–66.8)	50.6 (40.3–60.8)	9.7 (5.7–13.6)	0.381	0.016

Parameters

Baseline
empagliflozin
(mean, 95% CI)

After 5 days
empagliflozin
(mean, 95% CI)

Absolute Difference
empagliflozin
(∆, 95% CI)

Baseline
placebo
(mean, 95% CI)

After 5 days
placebo
(mean, 95% CI)

Absolute Difference
Placebo
(∆, 95% CI)

Baseline

∆

LVEF (%)

46.9 (40.6–53.2)

46.6 (41.2–52)

0.3 (−3.4–4)

43.2 (37.8–48.6)

43.8 (38.3–49.1)

−0.6 (−2.5–1.4)

0.815

0.787

LVEDV (mL)

109 (77.9–140)

98.6 (75.6–122)

10.1 (−1.8–22)

130 (98–162)

128 (97.2–159)

2.2 (−13.8–18.2)

0.513

0.261

LVEDVI (mL/m²⁾

56.9 (41.1–72.8)

52.9 (41.1–64.7)

4 (−1.9–10.1)

64.1 (48.3–80)

62 (48–75)

2.5 (−7–12)

0.532

0.550

LVESV (mL)

59.2 (40.8–77.7)

56.7 (40.4–73)

2.5 (−7.7–12.8)

78. (54–103)

77.2 (53–101)

1.3 (−10.6–13.2)

0.352

0.547

LVESVI (mL/m²⁾

30.6 (21.2–40.1)

30.6 (21.8–39.4)

0.03 (−5.2–5.2)

37.3 (26.7–48.2)

36.5 (26.4–46.5)

0.97 (−5–7)

0.510

0.856

LVESD (mm)

38.4 (33.4–43.5)

36.5 (32.9–40.1)

1.9 (−1.1–5)

35.4 (30.5–40.3)

34.7 (30–39.4)

0.7 (−1.9–3.3)

0.329

0.679

LVEDD (mm)

52.4 (48.4–56.5)

50.2 (47–53.5)

2.19 (0.2–4.2)

51.6 (47.4–55.8)

51.4 (47.5–55.2)

0.25 (−1.7–2.2)

0.860

0.166

TAPSE (mm)

18.9 (16.4–21.5)

16.4 (14.8–18)

2.5 (−0.9–6)

16.2 (14.6–17.9)

16.4 (14.8–18)

−0.22 (−1.3–0.9)

0.083

0.077

sPAP(mmHg + CVP)

28.9 (22.8–34.9)

28.5 (19.8–37.3)

0.4 (−6.9–7.6)

31.9 (28–35.9)

28.1 (22.7–33.6)

3.9 (−0.7–8.5)

0.269

0.335

E (cm/s)

94.1 (82.8–105)

94.2 (82.6–106)

−0.1 (−11.3–11.2)

109 (94.2–125)

104 (88–121)

5.5 (−8.8–19.8)

0.140

0.229

E/e´ ratio

16.7 (14.8–18.5)

15.2 (13.6–16.9)

1.4 (−0.8–3.7)

16.6 (13.4–19.8)

17.3 (14–20.6)

−0.7 (−2.8–1.4)

0.408

0.088

LA Strain (%)

4.9 (3.2–6.6)

6.6 (3.6–9.6)

−1.7 (−4.1–0.7)

5.7 (2.4–9)

6.1 (3.7–8.5)

−0.4 (−3.1–2.3)

0.589

0.361

LAV (mL)

109 (95.9–122)

78 (67.7–88.3)

30.9 (20.1–41.7)

113 (91.6–134)

103 (82.5–123)

10.5 (0.4–20.5)

0.975

<0.001

LAESVI (mL/m²)

55.5 (48.1–62.9)

39.8 (34.1–45.5)

15.7 (9.8–21.6)

55.7 (44.7–66.8)

50.6 (40.3–60.8)

9.7 (5.7–13.6)

0.381

0.016

							p
LVEF (%)	46.9 (40.6–53.2)	46.6 (41.2–52)	0.3 (−3.4–4)	43.2 (37.8–48.6)	43.8 (38.3–49.1)	−0.6 (−2.5–1.4)	0.815	0.787
LVEDV (mL)	109 (77.9–140)	98.6 (75.6–122)	10.1 (−1.8–22)	130 (98–162)	128 (97.2–159)	2.2 (−13.8–18.2)	0.513	0.261
LVEDVI (mL/m²⁾	56.9 (41.1–72.8)	52.9 (41.1–64.7)	4 (−1.9–10.1)	64.1 (48.3–80)	62 (48–75)	2.5 (−7–12)	0.532	0.550
LVESV (mL)	59.2 (40.8–77.7)	56.7 (40.4–73)	2.5 (−7.7–12.8)	78. (54–103)	77.2 (53–101)	1.3 (−10.6–13.2)	0.352	0.547
LVESVI (mL/m²⁾	30.6 (21.2–40.1)	30.6 (21.8–39.4)	0.03 (−5.2–5.2)	37.3 (26.7–48.2)	36.5 (26.4–46.5)	0.97 (−5–7)	0.510	0.856
LVESD (mm)	38.4 (33.4–43.5)	36.5 (32.9–40.1)	1.9 (−1.1–5)	35.4 (30.5–40.3)	34.7 (30–39.4)	0.7 (−1.9–3.3)	0.329	0.679
LVEDD (mm)	52.4 (48.4–56.5)	50.2 (47–53.5)	2.19 (0.2–4.2)	51.6 (47.4–55.8)	51.4 (47.5–55.2)	0.25 (−1.7–2.2)	0.860	0.166
TAPSE (mm)	18.9 (16.4–21.5)	16.4 (14.8–18)	2.5 (−0.9–6)	16.2 (14.6–17.9)	16.4 (14.8–18)	−0.22 (−1.3–0.9)	0.083	0.077
sPAP(mmHg + CVP)	28.9 (22.8–34.9)	28.5 (19.8–37.3)	0.4 (−6.9–7.6)	31.9 (28–35.9)	28.1 (22.7–33.6)	3.9 (−0.7–8.5)	0.269	0.335
E (cm/s)	94.1 (82.8–105)	94.2 (82.6–106)	−0.1 (−11.3–11.2)	109 (94.2–125)	104 (88–121)	5.5 (−8.8–19.8)	0.140	0.229
E/e´ ratio	16.7 (14.8–18.5)	15.2 (13.6–16.9)	1.4 (−0.8–3.7)	16.6 (13.4–19.8)	17.3 (14–20.6)	−0.7 (−2.8–1.4)	0.408	0.088
LA Strain (%)	4.9 (3.2–6.6)	6.6 (3.6–9.6)	−1.7 (−4.1–0.7)	5.7 (2.4–9)	6.1 (3.7–8.5)	−0.4 (−3.1–2.3)	0.589	0.361
LAV (mL)	109 (95.9–122)	78 (67.7–88.3)	30.9 (20.1–41.7)	113 (91.6–134)	103 (82.5–123)	10.5 (0.4–20.5)	0.975	<0.001
LAESVI (mL/m²)	55.5 (48.1–62.9)	39.8 (34.1–45.5)	15.7 (9.8–21.6)	55.7 (44.7–66.8)	50.6 (40.3–60.8)	9.7 (5.7–13.6)	0.381	0.016

Table 2

Open in new tab

Echocardiographic parameters at baseline and after completing study treatment

							p
Parameters	Baseline empagliflozin (mean, 95% CI)	After 5 days empagliflozin (mean, 95% CI)	Absolute Difference empagliflozin (∆, 95% CI)	Baseline placebo (mean, 95% CI)	After 5 days placebo (mean, 95% CI)	Absolute Difference Placebo (∆, 95% CI)	Baseline	∆
LVEF (%)	46.9 (40.6–53.2)	46.6 (41.2–52)	0.3 (−3.4–4)	43.2 (37.8–48.6)	43.8 (38.3–49.1)	−0.6 (−2.5–1.4)	0.815	0.787
LVEDV (mL)	109 (77.9–140)	98.6 (75.6–122)	10.1 (−1.8–22)	130 (98–162)	128 (97.2–159)	2.2 (−13.8–18.2)	0.513	0.261
LVEDVI (mL/m²⁾	56.9 (41.1–72.8)	52.9 (41.1–64.7)	4 (−1.9–10.1)	64.1 (48.3–80)	62 (48–75)	2.5 (−7–12)	0.532	0.550
LVESV (mL)	59.2 (40.8–77.7)	56.7 (40.4–73)	2.5 (−7.7–12.8)	78. (54–103)	77.2 (53–101)	1.3 (−10.6–13.2)	0.352	0.547
LVESVI (mL/m²⁾	30.6 (21.2–40.1)	30.6 (21.8–39.4)	0.03 (−5.2–5.2)	37.3 (26.7–48.2)	36.5 (26.4–46.5)	0.97 (−5–7)	0.510	0.856
LVESD (mm)	38.4 (33.4–43.5)	36.5 (32.9–40.1)	1.9 (−1.1–5)	35.4 (30.5–40.3)	34.7 (30–39.4)	0.7 (−1.9–3.3)	0.329	0.679
LVEDD (mm)	52.4 (48.4–56.5)	50.2 (47–53.5)	2.19 (0.2–4.2)	51.6 (47.4–55.8)	51.4 (47.5–55.2)	0.25 (−1.7–2.2)	0.860	0.166
TAPSE (mm)	18.9 (16.4–21.5)	16.4 (14.8–18)	2.5 (−0.9–6)	16.2 (14.6–17.9)	16.4 (14.8–18)	−0.22 (−1.3–0.9)	0.083	0.077
sPAP(mmHg + CVP)	28.9 (22.8–34.9)	28.5 (19.8–37.3)	0.4 (−6.9–7.6)	31.9 (28–35.9)	28.1 (22.7–33.6)	3.9 (−0.7–8.5)	0.269	0.335
E (cm/s)	94.1 (82.8–105)	94.2 (82.6–106)	−0.1 (−11.3–11.2)	109 (94.2–125)	104 (88–121)	5.5 (−8.8–19.8)	0.140	0.229
E/e´ ratio	16.7 (14.8–18.5)	15.2 (13.6–16.9)	1.4 (−0.8–3.7)	16.6 (13.4–19.8)	17.3 (14–20.6)	−0.7 (−2.8–1.4)	0.408	0.088
LA Strain (%)	4.9 (3.2–6.6)	6.6 (3.6–9.6)	−1.7 (−4.1–0.7)	5.7 (2.4–9)	6.1 (3.7–8.5)	−0.4 (−3.1–2.3)	0.589	0.361
LAV (mL)	109 (95.9–122)	78 (67.7–88.3)	30.9 (20.1–41.7)	113 (91.6–134)	103 (82.5–123)	10.5 (0.4–20.5)	0.975	<0.001
LAESVI (mL/m²)	55.5 (48.1–62.9)	39.8 (34.1–45.5)	15.7 (9.8–21.6)	55.7 (44.7–66.8)	50.6 (40.3–60.8)	9.7 (5.7–13.6)	0.381	0.016

							p
Parameters	Baseline empagliflozin (mean, 95% CI)	After 5 days empagliflozin (mean, 95% CI)	Absolute Difference empagliflozin (∆, 95% CI)	Baseline placebo (mean, 95% CI)	After 5 days placebo (mean, 95% CI)	Absolute Difference Placebo (∆, 95% CI)	Baseline	∆
LVEF (%)	46.9 (40.6–53.2)	46.6 (41.2–52)	0.3 (−3.4–4)	43.2 (37.8–48.6)	43.8 (38.3–49.1)	−0.6 (−2.5–1.4)	0.815	0.787
LVEDV (mL)	109 (77.9–140)	98.6 (75.6–122)	10.1 (−1.8–22)	130 (98–162)	128 (97.2–159)	2.2 (−13.8–18.2)	0.513	0.261
LVEDVI (mL/m²⁾	56.9 (41.1–72.8)	52.9 (41.1–64.7)	4 (−1.9–10.1)	64.1 (48.3–80)	62 (48–75)	2.5 (−7–12)	0.532	0.550
LVESV (mL)	59.2 (40.8–77.7)	56.7 (40.4–73)	2.5 (−7.7–12.8)	78. (54–103)	77.2 (53–101)	1.3 (−10.6–13.2)	0.352	0.547
LVESVI (mL/m²⁾	30.6 (21.2–40.1)	30.6 (21.8–39.4)	0.03 (−5.2–5.2)	37.3 (26.7–48.2)	36.5 (26.4–46.5)	0.97 (−5–7)	0.510	0.856
LVESD (mm)	38.4 (33.4–43.5)	36.5 (32.9–40.1)	1.9 (−1.1–5)	35.4 (30.5–40.3)	34.7 (30–39.4)	0.7 (−1.9–3.3)	0.329	0.679
LVEDD (mm)	52.4 (48.4–56.5)	50.2 (47–53.5)	2.19 (0.2–4.2)	51.6 (47.4–55.8)	51.4 (47.5–55.2)	0.25 (−1.7–2.2)	0.860	0.166
TAPSE (mm)	18.9 (16.4–21.5)	16.4 (14.8–18)	2.5 (−0.9–6)	16.2 (14.6–17.9)	16.4 (14.8–18)	−0.22 (−1.3–0.9)	0.083	0.077
sPAP(mmHg + CVP)	28.9 (22.8–34.9)	28.5 (19.8–37.3)	0.4 (−6.9–7.6)	31.9 (28–35.9)	28.1 (22.7–33.6)	3.9 (−0.7–8.5)	0.269	0.335
E (cm/s)	94.1 (82.8–105)	94.2 (82.6–106)	−0.1 (−11.3–11.2)	109 (94.2–125)	104 (88–121)	5.5 (−8.8–19.8)	0.140	0.229
E/e´ ratio	16.7 (14.8–18.5)	15.2 (13.6–16.9)	1.4 (−0.8–3.7)	16.6 (13.4–19.8)	17.3 (14–20.6)	−0.7 (−2.8–1.4)	0.408	0.088
LA Strain (%)	4.9 (3.2–6.6)	6.6 (3.6–9.6)	−1.7 (−4.1–0.7)	5.7 (2.4–9)	6.1 (3.7–8.5)	−0.4 (−3.1–2.3)	0.589	0.361
LAV (mL)	109 (95.9–122)	78 (67.7–88.3)	30.9 (20.1–41.7)	113 (91.6–134)	103 (82.5–123)	10.5 (0.4–20.5)	0.975	<0.001
LAESVI (mL/m²)	55.5 (48.1–62.9)	39.8 (34.1–45.5)	15.7 (9.8–21.6)	55.7 (44.7–66.8)	50.6 (40.3–60.8)	9.7 (5.7–13.6)	0.381	0.016

P-values represent inter-cohort statistical evaluation (baseline represents the statistical evaluation at baseline and ∆ represents the statistical evaluation of the difference after 5 days of treatment to baseline). Values are shown as mean and 95% CI. (LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEDVI, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVESVI, left ventricular end-systolic volume index; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; CVP, central venous pressure; LA Strain, left atrial strain; LA-Volume, left atrial volume; and LAESVI, left atrial end-systolic volume index.

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