Table 4. Open in new tab The Average...

Outcome	Work pressure (t-1)	Estimate	Confidence Interval	p Value	Relative size effect	Second-diff estimate	Confidence interval
*Model 1—Workforce participation (n = 7,311)*
Full-time	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.036, 0.034]	.944	−0.376	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Work pressure	−0.032	[−0.079, 0.015]	.184	−9.576
Part−time	No work pressure	0.033	[−0.009, 0.075]	.126	9.92	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Work pressure	−0.03	[−0.075, 0.015]	.198	−8.872
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.032	[−0.071, 0.007]	.108	−9.544	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
Work pressure	0.061	[0.014, 0.109]	.011	18.448
*Model 2—Job changes (n = 7,311)*
Looking for new job	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.015, 0.012]	.841	−0.426	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
Work pressure	0.011	[−0.016, 0.037]	.425	3.225
New job	No work pressure	0.022	[−0.015, 0.06]	.244	6.699	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
Work pressure	−0.037	[−0.077, 0.002]	.066	−11.117
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	No work pressure	0.012	[−0.037, 0.061]	.635	3.552	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
Work pressure	−0.031	[−0.089, 0.027]	.294	−9.349
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.033	[−0.07, 0.005]	.087	−9.825	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]
Work pressure	0.057	[0.011, 0.104]	.016	17.241

Outcome

Work pressure (t-1)

Estimate

Confidence Interval

p Value

Relative size effect

Second-diff estimate

Confidence interval

Model 1—Workforce participation (n = 7,311)

Full-time

No work pressure

−0.001

[−0.036, 0.034]

.944

−0.376

0.031

[−0.028, 0.089]

Work pressure

−0.032

[−0.079, 0.015]

.184

−9.576

Part−time

No work pressure

0.033

[−0.009, 0.075]

.126

9.92

0.063

[0.001, 0.124]

Work pressure

−0.03

[−0.075, 0.015]

.198

−8.872

Not in paid work

No work pressure

−0.032

[−0.071, 0.007]

.108

−9.544

−0.093

[−0.155, 0.032]

Work pressure

0.061

[0.014, 0.109]

.011

18.448

Model 2—Job changes (n = 7,311)

Looking for new job

No work pressure

−0.001

[−0.015, 0.012]

.841

−0.426

−0.012

[−0.042, 0.018]

Work pressure

0.011

[−0.016, 0.037]

.425

3.225

New job

No work pressure

0.022

[−0.015, 0.06]

.244

6.699

0.059

[0.005, 0.114]

Work pressure

−0.037

[−0.077, 0.002]

.066

−11.117

In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job

No work pressure

0.012

[−0.037, 0.061]

.635

3.552

0.043

[−0.033, 0.119]

Work pressure

−0.031

[−0.089, 0.027]

.294

−9.349

Not in paid work

No work pressure

−0.033

[−0.07, 0.005]

.087

−9.825

−0.09

[−0.15, −0.03]

Work pressure

0.057

[0.011, 0.104]

.016

17.241

Outcome	Work pressure (t-1)	Estimate	Confidence Interval	p Value	Relative size effect	Second-diff estimate	Confidence interval
*Model 1—Workforce participation (n = 7,311)*
Full-time	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.036, 0.034]	.944	−0.376	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Work pressure	−0.032	[−0.079, 0.015]	.184	−9.576
Part−time	No work pressure	0.033	[−0.009, 0.075]	.126	9.92	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Work pressure	−0.03	[−0.075, 0.015]	.198	−8.872
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.032	[−0.071, 0.007]	.108	−9.544	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
Work pressure	0.061	[0.014, 0.109]	.011	18.448
*Model 2—Job changes (n = 7,311)*
Looking for new job	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.015, 0.012]	.841	−0.426	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
Work pressure	0.011	[−0.016, 0.037]	.425	3.225
New job	No work pressure	0.022	[−0.015, 0.06]	.244	6.699	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
Work pressure	−0.037	[−0.077, 0.002]	.066	−11.117
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	No work pressure	0.012	[−0.037, 0.061]	.635	3.552	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
Work pressure	−0.031	[−0.089, 0.027]	.294	−9.349
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.033	[−0.07, 0.005]	.087	−9.825	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]
Work pressure	0.057	[0.011, 0.104]	.016	17.241

Table 4.

Open in new tab

The Average Treatment Effects on the Treated (ATTs) of a ‘Care Shock’ on Employment Outcomes Depending on Whether Individuals Had Pressure in Their Job At t

Outcome	Work pressure (t-1)	Estimate	Confidence Interval	p Value	Relative size effect	Second-diff estimate	Confidence interval
*Model 1—Workforce participation (n = 7,311)*
Full-time	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.036, 0.034]	.944	−0.376	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Full-time	Work pressure	−0.032	[−0.079, 0.015]	.184	−9.576	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Part−time	No work pressure	0.033	[−0.009, 0.075]	.126	9.92	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Part−time	Work pressure	−0.03	[−0.075, 0.015]	.198	−8.872	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.032	[−0.071, 0.007]	.108	−9.544	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
Not in paid work	Work pressure	0.061	[0.014, 0.109]	.011	18.448	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
*Model 2—Job changes (n = 7,311)*
Looking for new job	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.015, 0.012]	.841	−0.426	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
Looking for new job	Work pressure	0.011	[−0.016, 0.037]	.425	3.225	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
New job	No work pressure	0.022	[−0.015, 0.06]	.244	6.699	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
New job	Work pressure	−0.037	[−0.077, 0.002]	.066	−11.117	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	No work pressure	0.012	[−0.037, 0.061]	.635	3.552	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	Work pressure	−0.031	[−0.089, 0.027]	.294	−9.349	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.033	[−0.07, 0.005]	.087	−9.825	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]
Not in paid work	Work pressure	0.057	[0.011, 0.104]	.016	17.241	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]

Outcome	Work pressure (t-1)	Estimate	Confidence Interval	p Value	Relative size effect	Second-diff estimate	Confidence interval
*Model 1—Workforce participation (n = 7,311)*
Full-time	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.036, 0.034]	.944	−0.376	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Full-time	Work pressure	−0.032	[−0.079, 0.015]	.184	−9.576	0.031	[−0.028, 0.089]
Part−time	No work pressure	0.033	[−0.009, 0.075]	.126	9.92	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Part−time	Work pressure	−0.03	[−0.075, 0.015]	.198	−8.872	0.063	[0.001, 0.124]
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.032	[−0.071, 0.007]	.108	−9.544	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
Not in paid work	Work pressure	0.061	[0.014, 0.109]	.011	18.448	−0.093	[−0.155, 0.032]
*Model 2—Job changes (n = 7,311)*
Looking for new job	No work pressure	−0.001	[−0.015, 0.012]	.841	−0.426	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
Looking for new job	Work pressure	0.011	[−0.016, 0.037]	.425	3.225	−0.012	[−0.042, 0.018]
New job	No work pressure	0.022	[−0.015, 0.06]	.244	6.699	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
New job	Work pressure	−0.037	[−0.077, 0.002]	.066	−11.117	0.059	[0.005, 0.114]
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	No work pressure	0.012	[−0.037, 0.061]	.635	3.552	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
In paid work, no new job nor looking for a new job	Work pressure	−0.031	[−0.089, 0.027]	.294	−9.349	0.043	[−0.033, 0.119]
Not in paid work	No work pressure	−0.033	[−0.07, 0.005]	.087	−9.825	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]
Not in paid work	Work pressure	0.057	[0.011, 0.104]	.016	17.241	−0.09	[−0.15, −0.03]

Notes: The ATT is calculated by averaging the differences between the actual and predicted counterfactual outcomes over the distribution of treated individuals in the matched sample. The ATT is adjusted for the observable confounders listed on page 12.

Source: ELSA, Waves 1−9.

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