Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Clinical Features and Knowledge, Experience, and Willingness to Engage in ACP and Sharing of ADs
| Variables | Knowledge of ACP | Experience With ACP | Willingness to Engage in ACP | AD Shared With Family | ||||||||
| Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 60s and younger | 14 (11.5) | 98 (80.3) | 1.0000† | 47 (38.6) | 65 (53.3) | .3279† | 67 (62.6) | 31 (29.0) | 1.0000† | 44 (35.4) | 70 (56.5) | .0168*† |
| 70s and older | 1 (0.8) | 9 (7.4) | 6 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 6 (5.6) | 3 (2.8) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||||
| Treatment facility for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| University hospital or cancer center | 13 (10.7) | 102 (83.6) | .2060† | 49 (40.2) | 66 (54.1) | .4665† | 70 (65.4) | 32 (29.9) | .6519† | 49 (39.5) | 68 (54.8) | 1.00 |
| Other hospitals | 2 (1.6) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Brain tumor type | ||||||||||||
| Gliomaa | 13 (10.6) | 97 (78.9) | .6594† | 47 (38.2) | 62 (50.4) | 1.0000† | 67 (62.0) | 29 (26.9) | .1975† | 47 (37.6) | 64 (51.2) | .7766† |
| Non-glioma (malignant)a | 2 (1.6) | 11 (8.9) | 6 (4.9) | 8 (6.5) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.0) | 9 (7.2) | ||||
| History of surgery for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.4) | 103 (83.7) | .5497† | 52 (42.3) | 65 (52.9) | .2435† | 69 (63.9) | 34 (31.5) | 1.0000† | 52 (41.6) | 0 (0) | .0406*† |
| No | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 67 (56.3) | 6 (4.8) | ||||
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| ≥70 | 14 (11.4) | 94 (76.4) | .6916† | 43 (35.0) | 65 (52.9) | .0569† | 65 (60.2) | 31 (28.7) | 1.0000† | 41 (32.8) | 69 (55.2) | .0111*† |
| <70 | 1 (0.8) | 14 (11.4) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (4.1) | 8 (7.4) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (8.8) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Distress and Impact Thermometer | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 1 (0.8) | 27 (22.0) | .1869† | 10 (8.1) | 18 (14.6) | .3667 | 14 (13.0) | 8 (7.4) | .7990† | 14 (11.2) | 15 (12.0) | .4072 |
| Negative | 14 (11.4) | 81 (65.9) | 43 (35.0) | 52 (42.3) | 59 (54.6) | 27 (25.0) | 38 (30.4) | 58 (46.4) | ||||
| Patients’ preference for participation in decision-making regarding medical treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 15 (12.4) | 103 (85.1) | 1.0000† | 49 (40.5) | 68 (56.2) | 1.0000† | 71 (67.0) | 33 (31.1) | .5407 | 49 (39.8) | 70 (56.9) | .6454† |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.4) | ||||
| Preference regarding prognosis disclosure | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 (10.6) | 86 (69.9) | .7332† | 44 (35.8) | 55 (44.7) | .6479† | 63 (58.3) | 25 (23.2) | .0693 | 42 (33.6) | 59 (47.2) | .9941 |
| No | 2 (1.6) | 22 (17.9) | 9 (7.3) | 15 (12.2) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (8.0) | 14 (11.2) | ||||
| Understanding of the patients’ medical condition | ||||||||||||
| Sufficient | 15 (12.2) | 95 (77.2) | .3645† | 47 (38.2) | 63 (51.2) | 1.0000† | 66 (61.1) | 31 (28.7) | .7450† | 47 (37.6) | 65 (52.0) | 1.0000† |
| Insufficient | 0 (0.0) | 13 (10.6) | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (3.7) | 5 (4.0) | 8 (6.4) | ||||
| Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 6 (4.9) | 55 (44.7) | .5831† | 26 (21.1) | 36 (29.3) | .7944 | 38 (35.2) | 15 (13.9) | .3702 | 27 (21.6) | 36 (28.8) | .7737 |
| No | 9 (7.3) | 53 (43.1) | 27 (22.0) | 34 (27.6) | 35 (32.4) | 20 (18.5) | 25 (20.0) | 37 (29.6) | ||||
| Experience discussing life-prolonging therapeutic treatment before being diagnosed with PMBTs | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 5 (4.1) | 25 (20.3) | .5205† | 22 (17.9) | 7 (5.7) | <.0001*† | 17 (15.7) | 9 (8.3) | .8127* | 26 (20.8) | 5 (4.0) | <.0001*† |
| No | 10 (8.1) | 83 (67.5) | 31 (25.2) | 63 (51.2) | 56 (51.9) | 26 (24.1) | 26 (20.8) | 68 (54.4) | ||||
| Frequency of the patients’ and caregivers’ discussions regarding treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary | 8 (6.5) | 76 (61.8) | .2369† | 44 (35.8) | 39 (31.7) | .0017*† | 53 (49.1) | 20 (18.5) | .1118 | 45 (36.0) | 40 (32.0) | .0002*† |
| Compulsory | 7 (5.7) | 32 (26.2) | 9 (7.3) | 31 (25.2) | 20 (18.5) | 15 (13.9) | 7 (5.6) | 33 (26.4) | ||||
| Variables | Knowledge of ACP | Experience With ACP | Willingness to Engage in ACP | AD Shared With Family | ||||||||
| Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 60s and younger | 14 (11.5) | 98 (80.3) | 1.0000† | 47 (38.6) | 65 (53.3) | .3279† | 67 (62.6) | 31 (29.0) | 1.0000† | 44 (35.4) | 70 (56.5) | .0168*† |
| 70s and older | 1 (0.8) | 9 (7.4) | 6 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 6 (5.6) | 3 (2.8) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||||
| Treatment facility for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| University hospital or cancer center | 13 (10.7) | 102 (83.6) | .2060† | 49 (40.2) | 66 (54.1) | .4665† | 70 (65.4) | 32 (29.9) | .6519† | 49 (39.5) | 68 (54.8) | 1.00 |
| Other hospitals | 2 (1.6) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Brain tumor type | ||||||||||||
| Gliomaa | 13 (10.6) | 97 (78.9) | .6594† | 47 (38.2) | 62 (50.4) | 1.0000† | 67 (62.0) | 29 (26.9) | .1975† | 47 (37.6) | 64 (51.2) | .7766† |
| Non-glioma (malignant)a | 2 (1.6) | 11 (8.9) | 6 (4.9) | 8 (6.5) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.0) | 9 (7.2) | ||||
| History of surgery for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.4) | 103 (83.7) | .5497† | 52 (42.3) | 65 (52.9) | .2435† | 69 (63.9) | 34 (31.5) | 1.0000† | 52 (41.6) | 0 (0) | .0406*† |
| No | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 67 (56.3) | 6 (4.8) | ||||
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| ≥70 | 14 (11.4) | 94 (76.4) | .6916† | 43 (35.0) | 65 (52.9) | .0569† | 65 (60.2) | 31 (28.7) | 1.0000† | 41 (32.8) | 69 (55.2) | .0111*† |
| <70 | 1 (0.8) | 14 (11.4) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (4.1) | 8 (7.4) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (8.8) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Distress and Impact Thermometer | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 1 (0.8) | 27 (22.0) | .1869† | 10 (8.1) | 18 (14.6) | .3667 | 14 (13.0) | 8 (7.4) | .7990† | 14 (11.2) | 15 (12.0) | .4072 |
| Negative | 14 (11.4) | 81 (65.9) | 43 (35.0) | 52 (42.3) | 59 (54.6) | 27 (25.0) | 38 (30.4) | 58 (46.4) | ||||
| Patients’ preference for participation in decision-making regarding medical treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 15 (12.4) | 103 (85.1) | 1.0000† | 49 (40.5) | 68 (56.2) | 1.0000† | 71 (67.0) | 33 (31.1) | .5407 | 49 (39.8) | 70 (56.9) | .6454† |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.4) | ||||
| Preference regarding prognosis disclosure | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 (10.6) | 86 (69.9) | .7332† | 44 (35.8) | 55 (44.7) | .6479† | 63 (58.3) | 25 (23.2) | .0693 | 42 (33.6) | 59 (47.2) | .9941 |
| No | 2 (1.6) | 22 (17.9) | 9 (7.3) | 15 (12.2) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (8.0) | 14 (11.2) | ||||
| Understanding of the patients’ medical condition | ||||||||||||
| Sufficient | 15 (12.2) | 95 (77.2) | .3645† | 47 (38.2) | 63 (51.2) | 1.0000† | 66 (61.1) | 31 (28.7) | .7450† | 47 (37.6) | 65 (52.0) | 1.0000† |
| Insufficient | 0 (0.0) | 13 (10.6) | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (3.7) | 5 (4.0) | 8 (6.4) | ||||
| Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 6 (4.9) | 55 (44.7) | .5831† | 26 (21.1) | 36 (29.3) | .7944 | 38 (35.2) | 15 (13.9) | .3702 | 27 (21.6) | 36 (28.8) | .7737 |
| No | 9 (7.3) | 53 (43.1) | 27 (22.0) | 34 (27.6) | 35 (32.4) | 20 (18.5) | 25 (20.0) | 37 (29.6) | ||||
| Experience discussing life-prolonging therapeutic treatment before being diagnosed with PMBTs | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 5 (4.1) | 25 (20.3) | .5205† | 22 (17.9) | 7 (5.7) | <.0001*† | 17 (15.7) | 9 (8.3) | .8127* | 26 (20.8) | 5 (4.0) | <.0001*† |
| No | 10 (8.1) | 83 (67.5) | 31 (25.2) | 63 (51.2) | 56 (51.9) | 26 (24.1) | 26 (20.8) | 68 (54.4) | ||||
| Frequency of the patients’ and caregivers’ discussions regarding treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary | 8 (6.5) | 76 (61.8) | .2369† | 44 (35.8) | 39 (31.7) | .0017*† | 53 (49.1) | 20 (18.5) | .1118 | 45 (36.0) | 40 (32.0) | .0002*† |
| Compulsory | 7 (5.7) | 32 (26.2) | 9 (7.3) | 31 (25.2) | 20 (18.5) | 15 (13.9) | 7 (5.6) | 33 (26.4) | ||||
Abbreviations: ACP, advance care planning; ADs, advance directives; HGG, high-grade glioma; PMBTs, primary malignant brain tumors.
aGlioma includes glioblastoma, grade 3 glioma, and grade 2 glioma. Non-glioma (malignant) includes primary central nervous system lymphoma and other malignant brain tumors.
†Statistical tests performed included a chi-square test for variables with sufficient expected frequencies and Fisher’s exact test for variables with small expected frequencies. Significant P-values (P < .05) are marked with an asterisk (*).
Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Clinical Features and Knowledge, Experience, and Willingness to Engage in ACP and Sharing of ADs
| Variables | Knowledge of ACP | Experience With ACP | Willingness to Engage in ACP | AD Shared With Family | ||||||||
| Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 60s and younger | 14 (11.5) | 98 (80.3) | 1.0000† | 47 (38.6) | 65 (53.3) | .3279† | 67 (62.6) | 31 (29.0) | 1.0000† | 44 (35.4) | 70 (56.5) | .0168*† |
| 70s and older | 1 (0.8) | 9 (7.4) | 6 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 6 (5.6) | 3 (2.8) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||||
| Treatment facility for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| University hospital or cancer center | 13 (10.7) | 102 (83.6) | .2060† | 49 (40.2) | 66 (54.1) | .4665† | 70 (65.4) | 32 (29.9) | .6519† | 49 (39.5) | 68 (54.8) | 1.00 |
| Other hospitals | 2 (1.6) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Brain tumor type | ||||||||||||
| Gliomaa | 13 (10.6) | 97 (78.9) | .6594† | 47 (38.2) | 62 (50.4) | 1.0000† | 67 (62.0) | 29 (26.9) | .1975† | 47 (37.6) | 64 (51.2) | .7766† |
| Non-glioma (malignant)a | 2 (1.6) | 11 (8.9) | 6 (4.9) | 8 (6.5) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.0) | 9 (7.2) | ||||
| History of surgery for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.4) | 103 (83.7) | .5497† | 52 (42.3) | 65 (52.9) | .2435† | 69 (63.9) | 34 (31.5) | 1.0000† | 52 (41.6) | 0 (0) | .0406*† |
| No | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 67 (56.3) | 6 (4.8) | ||||
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| ≥70 | 14 (11.4) | 94 (76.4) | .6916† | 43 (35.0) | 65 (52.9) | .0569† | 65 (60.2) | 31 (28.7) | 1.0000† | 41 (32.8) | 69 (55.2) | .0111*† |
| <70 | 1 (0.8) | 14 (11.4) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (4.1) | 8 (7.4) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (8.8) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Distress and Impact Thermometer | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 1 (0.8) | 27 (22.0) | .1869† | 10 (8.1) | 18 (14.6) | .3667 | 14 (13.0) | 8 (7.4) | .7990† | 14 (11.2) | 15 (12.0) | .4072 |
| Negative | 14 (11.4) | 81 (65.9) | 43 (35.0) | 52 (42.3) | 59 (54.6) | 27 (25.0) | 38 (30.4) | 58 (46.4) | ||||
| Patients’ preference for participation in decision-making regarding medical treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 15 (12.4) | 103 (85.1) | 1.0000† | 49 (40.5) | 68 (56.2) | 1.0000† | 71 (67.0) | 33 (31.1) | .5407 | 49 (39.8) | 70 (56.9) | .6454† |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.4) | ||||
| Preference regarding prognosis disclosure | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 (10.6) | 86 (69.9) | .7332† | 44 (35.8) | 55 (44.7) | .6479† | 63 (58.3) | 25 (23.2) | .0693 | 42 (33.6) | 59 (47.2) | .9941 |
| No | 2 (1.6) | 22 (17.9) | 9 (7.3) | 15 (12.2) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (8.0) | 14 (11.2) | ||||
| Understanding of the patients’ medical condition | ||||||||||||
| Sufficient | 15 (12.2) | 95 (77.2) | .3645† | 47 (38.2) | 63 (51.2) | 1.0000† | 66 (61.1) | 31 (28.7) | .7450† | 47 (37.6) | 65 (52.0) | 1.0000† |
| Insufficient | 0 (0.0) | 13 (10.6) | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (3.7) | 5 (4.0) | 8 (6.4) | ||||
| Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 6 (4.9) | 55 (44.7) | .5831† | 26 (21.1) | 36 (29.3) | .7944 | 38 (35.2) | 15 (13.9) | .3702 | 27 (21.6) | 36 (28.8) | .7737 |
| No | 9 (7.3) | 53 (43.1) | 27 (22.0) | 34 (27.6) | 35 (32.4) | 20 (18.5) | 25 (20.0) | 37 (29.6) | ||||
| Experience discussing life-prolonging therapeutic treatment before being diagnosed with PMBTs | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 5 (4.1) | 25 (20.3) | .5205† | 22 (17.9) | 7 (5.7) | <.0001*† | 17 (15.7) | 9 (8.3) | .8127* | 26 (20.8) | 5 (4.0) | <.0001*† |
| No | 10 (8.1) | 83 (67.5) | 31 (25.2) | 63 (51.2) | 56 (51.9) | 26 (24.1) | 26 (20.8) | 68 (54.4) | ||||
| Frequency of the patients’ and caregivers’ discussions regarding treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary | 8 (6.5) | 76 (61.8) | .2369† | 44 (35.8) | 39 (31.7) | .0017*† | 53 (49.1) | 20 (18.5) | .1118 | 45 (36.0) | 40 (32.0) | .0002*† |
| Compulsory | 7 (5.7) | 32 (26.2) | 9 (7.3) | 31 (25.2) | 20 (18.5) | 15 (13.9) | 7 (5.6) | 33 (26.4) | ||||
| Variables | Knowledge of ACP | Experience With ACP | Willingness to Engage in ACP | AD Shared With Family | ||||||||
| Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | Yes | No | P-Value | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 60s and younger | 14 (11.5) | 98 (80.3) | 1.0000† | 47 (38.6) | 65 (53.3) | .3279† | 67 (62.6) | 31 (29.0) | 1.0000† | 44 (35.4) | 70 (56.5) | .0168*† |
| 70s and older | 1 (0.8) | 9 (7.4) | 6 (4.9) | 4 (3.3) | 6 (5.6) | 3 (2.8) | 8 (6.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||||
| Treatment facility for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| University hospital or cancer center | 13 (10.7) | 102 (83.6) | .2060† | 49 (40.2) | 66 (54.1) | .4665† | 70 (65.4) | 32 (29.9) | .6519† | 49 (39.5) | 68 (54.8) | 1.00 |
| Other hospitals | 2 (1.6) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Brain tumor type | ||||||||||||
| Gliomaa | 13 (10.6) | 97 (78.9) | .6594† | 47 (38.2) | 62 (50.4) | 1.0000† | 67 (62.0) | 29 (26.9) | .1975† | 47 (37.6) | 64 (51.2) | .7766† |
| Non-glioma (malignant)a | 2 (1.6) | 11 (8.9) | 6 (4.9) | 8 (6.5) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (5.6) | 5 (4.0) | 9 (7.2) | ||||
| History of surgery for brain tumors | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.4) | 103 (83.7) | .5497† | 52 (42.3) | 65 (52.9) | .2435† | 69 (63.9) | 34 (31.5) | 1.0000† | 52 (41.6) | 0 (0) | .0406*† |
| No | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) | 67 (56.3) | 6 (4.8) | ||||
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| ≥70 | 14 (11.4) | 94 (76.4) | .6916† | 43 (35.0) | 65 (52.9) | .0569† | 65 (60.2) | 31 (28.7) | 1.0000† | 41 (32.8) | 69 (55.2) | .0111*† |
| <70 | 1 (0.8) | 14 (11.4) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (4.1) | 8 (7.4) | 4 (3.7) | 11 (8.8) | 4 (3.2) | ||||
| Distress and Impact Thermometer | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 1 (0.8) | 27 (22.0) | .1869† | 10 (8.1) | 18 (14.6) | .3667 | 14 (13.0) | 8 (7.4) | .7990† | 14 (11.2) | 15 (12.0) | .4072 |
| Negative | 14 (11.4) | 81 (65.9) | 43 (35.0) | 52 (42.3) | 59 (54.6) | 27 (25.0) | 38 (30.4) | 58 (46.4) | ||||
| Patients’ preference for participation in decision-making regarding medical treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 15 (12.4) | 103 (85.1) | 1.0000† | 49 (40.5) | 68 (56.2) | 1.0000† | 71 (67.0) | 33 (31.1) | .5407 | 49 (39.8) | 70 (56.9) | .6454† |
| No | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.4) | ||||
| Preference regarding prognosis disclosure | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 (10.6) | 86 (69.9) | .7332† | 44 (35.8) | 55 (44.7) | .6479† | 63 (58.3) | 25 (23.2) | .0693 | 42 (33.6) | 59 (47.2) | .9941 |
| No | 2 (1.6) | 22 (17.9) | 9 (7.3) | 15 (12.2) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (9.3) | 10 (8.0) | 14 (11.2) | ||||
| Understanding of the patients’ medical condition | ||||||||||||
| Sufficient | 15 (12.2) | 95 (77.2) | .3645† | 47 (38.2) | 63 (51.2) | 1.0000† | 66 (61.1) | 31 (28.7) | .7450† | 47 (37.6) | 65 (52.0) | 1.0000† |
| Insufficient | 0 (0.0) | 13 (10.6) | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | 7 (6.5) | 4 (3.7) | 5 (4.0) | 8 (6.4) | ||||
| Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 6 (4.9) | 55 (44.7) | .5831† | 26 (21.1) | 36 (29.3) | .7944 | 38 (35.2) | 15 (13.9) | .3702 | 27 (21.6) | 36 (28.8) | .7737 |
| No | 9 (7.3) | 53 (43.1) | 27 (22.0) | 34 (27.6) | 35 (32.4) | 20 (18.5) | 25 (20.0) | 37 (29.6) | ||||
| Experience discussing life-prolonging therapeutic treatment before being diagnosed with PMBTs | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 5 (4.1) | 25 (20.3) | .5205† | 22 (17.9) | 7 (5.7) | <.0001*† | 17 (15.7) | 9 (8.3) | .8127* | 26 (20.8) | 5 (4.0) | <.0001*† |
| No | 10 (8.1) | 83 (67.5) | 31 (25.2) | 63 (51.2) | 56 (51.9) | 26 (24.1) | 26 (20.8) | 68 (54.4) | ||||
| Frequency of the patients’ and caregivers’ discussions regarding treatment and care | ||||||||||||
| Voluntary | 8 (6.5) | 76 (61.8) | .2369† | 44 (35.8) | 39 (31.7) | .0017*† | 53 (49.1) | 20 (18.5) | .1118 | 45 (36.0) | 40 (32.0) | .0002*† |
| Compulsory | 7 (5.7) | 32 (26.2) | 9 (7.3) | 31 (25.2) | 20 (18.5) | 15 (13.9) | 7 (5.6) | 33 (26.4) | ||||
Abbreviations: ACP, advance care planning; ADs, advance directives; HGG, high-grade glioma; PMBTs, primary malignant brain tumors.
aGlioma includes glioblastoma, grade 3 glioma, and grade 2 glioma. Non-glioma (malignant) includes primary central nervous system lymphoma and other malignant brain tumors.
†Statistical tests performed included a chi-square test for variables with sufficient expected frequencies and Fisher’s exact test for variables with small expected frequencies. Significant P-values (P < .05) are marked with an asterisk (*).
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