Table 2. Open in new tab Model...

Table 2.

Model structures under considerations in the present study and the respective effects they are testing.

Model	Equation	Effect
Intercept	$η_{i} = β_{0}$	No effect
Linear	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{1} x_{i}$	Falsehood effect
Quadratic (constr.)	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{2} x_{i}^{2}$	Ambiguity effect
Quadratic (unconst.)	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{1} x_{i} + β_{2} x_{i}^{2}$	Dual effect of falsehood and ambiguity

Model	Equation	Effect
Intercept	$η_{i} = β_{0}$	No effect
Linear	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{1} x_{i}$	Falsehood effect
Quadratic (constr.)	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{2} x_{i}^{2}$	Ambiguity effect
Quadratic (unconst.)	$η_{i} = β_{0} + β_{1} x_{i} + β_{2} x_{i}^{2}$	Dual effect of falsehood and ambiguity