Table 3 Open in new tab Model...

Variable	Mortality	Intervention
Female	0.96 (0.75–1.22)	.706	1.16 (1.02–1.33)	.028
First diameter	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	.209	1.05 (1.05–1.06)	<.001
BAV	1.21 (0.88–1.64)	.229	1.85 (1.63–2.10)	<.001
Age at diagnosis	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	.017	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	<.001
NYHA I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
NYHA II	0.84 (0.59–1.20)	.367	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	.031
NYHA III	1.04 (0.74–1.46)	.787	1.48 (1.15–1.91)	.004
NYHA IV	0.75 (0.22–2.6)	.640	1.15 (0.69–1.91)	.610
Hypertension	1.12 (0.79–1.6)	.521	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	.648
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.46 (1.01–2.12)	.042	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.415
Diabetes	1.12 (0.73–1.73)	.599	1.05(0.80–1.38)	.706
Smoking, never	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Current smoking	1.72 (1.11–2.68)	.019	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	.660
Smoking in the past	1.11 (0.67–1.85)	.646	1.08 (0.91–1.29)	.344
CCS I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
CCS II	0.80 (0.42–1.51)	.475	1.30 (1.01–1.69)	.045
CCS III	0.90 (0.31–2.62)	.839	0.89 (0.50–1.61)	.703
CCS IV	0.66 (0.18–2.47)	.510	0.72 (0.45–1.19)	.203
Prior aortic surgery	1.21 (0.80–1.85)	.368	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	.890
Prior cardiac surgery	1.26 (0.69–2.3)	.433	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.416
CKD	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	.004	0.99 (0.72–1.34)	.927
LVEF, good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
LVEF, reduced	1.38 (0.89–2.16)	.135	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	.453
LVEF, moderate	1.61 (1.07–2.43)	.023	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	.769
LVEF, poor	5.07 (2.04–12.70)	.001	1.72 (0.87–3.43)	.119

Variable

Mortality

Intervention

Hazard (95% CI)

P-value

Hazard (95% CI)

P-value

Female

0.96 (0.75–1.22)

.706

1.16 (1.02–1.33)

.028

First diameter

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

.209

1.05 (1.05–1.06)

<.001

BAV

1.21 (0.88–1.64)

.229

1.85 (1.63–2.10)

<.001

Age at diagnosis

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

.017

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

<.001

NYHA I

Reference

NYHA II

0.84 (0.59–1.20)

.367

1.22 (1.02–1.47)

.031

NYHA III

1.04 (0.74–1.46)

.787

1.48 (1.15–1.91)

.004

NYHA IV

0.75 (0.22–2.6)

.640

1.15 (0.69–1.91)

.610

Hypertension

1.12 (0.79–1.6)

.521

0.97 (0.85–1.11)

.648

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1.46 (1.01–2.12)

.042

0.91 (0.73–1.14)

.415

Diabetes

1.12 (0.73–1.73)

.599

1.05(0.80–1.38)

.706

Smoking, never

Reference

Current smoking

1.72 (1.11–2.68)

.019

0.96 (0.78–1.17)

.660

Smoking in the past

1.11 (0.67–1.85)

.646

1.08 (0.91–1.29)

.344

CCS I

Reference

CCS II

0.80 (0.42–1.51)

.475

1.30 (1.01–1.69)

.045

CCS III

0.90 (0.31–2.62)

.839

0.89 (0.50–1.61)

.703

CCS IV

0.66 (0.18–2.47)

.510

0.72 (0.45–1.19)

.203

Prior aortic surgery

1.21 (0.80–1.85)

.368

1.02 (0.79–1.31)

.890

Prior cardiac surgery

1.26 (0.69–2.3)

.433

0.91 (0.73–1.14)

.416

CKD

1.70 (1.18–2.45)

.004

0.99 (0.72–1.34)

.927

LVEF, good

Reference

LVEF, reduced

1.38 (0.89–2.16)

.135

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

.453

LVEF, moderate

1.61 (1.07–2.43)

.023

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

.769

LVEF, poor

5.07 (2.04–12.70)

.001

1.72 (0.87–3.43)

.119

Variable	Mortality	Intervention
Female	0.96 (0.75–1.22)	.706	1.16 (1.02–1.33)	.028
First diameter	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	.209	1.05 (1.05–1.06)	<.001
BAV	1.21 (0.88–1.64)	.229	1.85 (1.63–2.10)	<.001
Age at diagnosis	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	.017	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	<.001
NYHA I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
NYHA II	0.84 (0.59–1.20)	.367	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	.031
NYHA III	1.04 (0.74–1.46)	.787	1.48 (1.15–1.91)	.004
NYHA IV	0.75 (0.22–2.6)	.640	1.15 (0.69–1.91)	.610
Hypertension	1.12 (0.79–1.6)	.521	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	.648
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.46 (1.01–2.12)	.042	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.415
Diabetes	1.12 (0.73–1.73)	.599	1.05(0.80–1.38)	.706
Smoking, never	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Current smoking	1.72 (1.11–2.68)	.019	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	.660
Smoking in the past	1.11 (0.67–1.85)	.646	1.08 (0.91–1.29)	.344
CCS I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
CCS II	0.80 (0.42–1.51)	.475	1.30 (1.01–1.69)	.045
CCS III	0.90 (0.31–2.62)	.839	0.89 (0.50–1.61)	.703
CCS IV	0.66 (0.18–2.47)	.510	0.72 (0.45–1.19)	.203
Prior aortic surgery	1.21 (0.80–1.85)	.368	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	.890
Prior cardiac surgery	1.26 (0.69–2.3)	.433	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.416
CKD	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	.004	0.99 (0.72–1.34)	.927
LVEF, good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
LVEF, reduced	1.38 (0.89–2.16)	.135	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	.453
LVEF, moderate	1.61 (1.07–2.43)	.023	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	.769
LVEF, poor	5.07 (2.04–12.70)	.001	1.72 (0.87–3.43)	.119

Table 3

Open in new tab

Model coefficients of the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model for all-cause mortality and surgical intervention after diagnosis

Variable	Mortality		Intervention
	Hazard (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard (95% CI)	P-value
Female	0.96 (0.75–1.22)	.706	1.16 (1.02–1.33)	.028
First diameter	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	.209	1.05 (1.05–1.06)	<.001
BAV	1.21 (0.88–1.64)	.229	1.85 (1.63–2.10)	<.001
Age at diagnosis	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	.017	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	<.001
NYHA I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
NYHA II	0.84 (0.59–1.20)	.367	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	.031
NYHA III	1.04 (0.74–1.46)	.787	1.48 (1.15–1.91)	.004
NYHA IV	0.75 (0.22–2.6)	.640	1.15 (0.69–1.91)	.610
Hypertension	1.12 (0.79–1.6)	.521	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	.648
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.46 (1.01–2.12)	.042	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.415
Diabetes	1.12 (0.73–1.73)	.599	1.05(0.80–1.38)	.706
Smoking, never	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Current smoking	1.72 (1.11–2.68)	.019	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	.660
Smoking in the past	1.11 (0.67–1.85)	.646	1.08 (0.91–1.29)	.344
CCS I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
CCS II	0.80 (0.42–1.51)	.475	1.30 (1.01–1.69)	.045
CCS III	0.90 (0.31–2.62)	.839	0.89 (0.50–1.61)	.703
CCS IV	0.66 (0.18–2.47)	.510	0.72 (0.45–1.19)	.203
Prior aortic surgery	1.21 (0.80–1.85)	.368	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	.890
Prior cardiac surgery	1.26 (0.69–2.3)	.433	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.416
CKD	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	.004	0.99 (0.72–1.34)	.927
LVEF, good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
LVEF, reduced	1.38 (0.89–2.16)	.135	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	.453
LVEF, moderate	1.61 (1.07–2.43)	.023	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	.769
LVEF, poor	5.07 (2.04–12.70)	.001	1.72 (0.87–3.43)	.119

Variable	Mortality		Intervention
	Hazard (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard (95% CI)	P-value
Female	0.96 (0.75–1.22)	.706	1.16 (1.02–1.33)	.028
First diameter	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	.209	1.05 (1.05–1.06)	<.001
BAV	1.21 (0.88–1.64)	.229	1.85 (1.63–2.10)	<.001
Age at diagnosis	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	.017	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	<.001
NYHA I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
NYHA II	0.84 (0.59–1.20)	.367	1.22 (1.02–1.47)	.031
NYHA III	1.04 (0.74–1.46)	.787	1.48 (1.15–1.91)	.004
NYHA IV	0.75 (0.22–2.6)	.640	1.15 (0.69–1.91)	.610
Hypertension	1.12 (0.79–1.6)	.521	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	.648
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.46 (1.01–2.12)	.042	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.415
Diabetes	1.12 (0.73–1.73)	.599	1.05(0.80–1.38)	.706
Smoking, never	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Current smoking	1.72 (1.11–2.68)	.019	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	.660
Smoking in the past	1.11 (0.67–1.85)	.646	1.08 (0.91–1.29)	.344
CCS I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
CCS II	0.80 (0.42–1.51)	.475	1.30 (1.01–1.69)	.045
CCS III	0.90 (0.31–2.62)	.839	0.89 (0.50–1.61)	.703
CCS IV	0.66 (0.18–2.47)	.510	0.72 (0.45–1.19)	.203
Prior aortic surgery	1.21 (0.80–1.85)	.368	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	.890
Prior cardiac surgery	1.26 (0.69–2.3)	.433	0.91 (0.73–1.14)	.416
CKD	1.70 (1.18–2.45)	.004	0.99 (0.72–1.34)	.927
LVEF, good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
LVEF, reduced	1.38 (0.89–2.16)	.135	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	.453
LVEF, moderate	1.61 (1.07–2.43)	.023	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	.769
LVEF, poor	5.07 (2.04–12.70)	.001	1.72 (0.87–3.43)	.119

Bold P-values indicate significance at .05 level (P < .05). CI, confidence interval; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Score; CKD; chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

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