Table 3. Open in new tab Effect of the...

Dependent variable:	School	Hours	Extensive	Intensive
A. Baseline effects—equation (1)
I. By gender
Effect of labor law 2015	0.036***	−1.865***	−0.036***	−1.938***
	(0.006)	(0.251)	(0.007)	(0.725)
Male	−0.017***	2.630***	0.090***	3.283***
	(0.004)	(0.294)	(0.007)	(0.432)
Male × labor law 2015	−0.027***	2.167***	0.047***	1.478**
	(0.008)	(0.416)	(0.009)	(0.658)
Mean (girls)	0.958	0.850	0.047	18.126
Mean (boys)	0.950	2.432	0.113	221.557
Observations	123,487	123,487	123,487	15,911
B. Individual fixed effects—equation (2)
I. Full sample
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.028***	−0.733***	−0.020**	−0.486
	(0.005)	(0.267)	(0.009)	(1.519)
Mean	0.932	2.424	0.103	23.516
Observations	23,562	23,562	23,562	3,035
II. Children working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.047***	−1.713	−0.075**	−0.471
	(0.016)	(1.110)	(0.036)	(1.534)
Mean	0.814	12.556	0.534	23.516
Observations	4,155	4,155	4,155	2,121
III. Children not working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.022***	−0.721***	−0.017**	–
	(0.005)	(0.213)	(0.007)	–
Mean	0.960	–	–	–
Observations	19,407	19,407	19,407	914

Dependent variable:

School

Hours

Extensive

Intensive

enrollment

worked

margin

III

A. Baseline effects—equation (1)

I. By gender

Effect of labor law 2015

0.036***

−1.865***

−0.036***

−1.938***

(0.006)

(0.251)

(0.007)

(0.725)

Male

−0.017***

2.630***

0.090***

3.283***

(0.004)

(0.294)

(0.007)

(0.432)

Male × labor law 2015

−0.027***

2.167***

0.047***

1.478**

(0.008)

(0.416)

(0.009)

(0.658)

Mean (girls)

0.958

0.850

0.047

18.126

Mean (boys)

0.950

2.432

0.113

221.557

Observations

123,487

15,911

B. Individual fixed effects—equation (2)

I. Full sample

Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015

0.028***

−0.733***

−0.020**

−0.486

(0.005)

(0.267)

(0.009)

(1.519)

Mean

0.932

2.424

0.103

23.516

Observations

23,562

3,035

II. Children working pre-reform

Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015

0.047***

−1.713

−0.075**

−0.471

(0.016)

(1.110)

(0.036)

(1.534)

Mean

0.814

12.556

0.534

23.516

Observations

4,155

2,121

III. Children not working pre-reform

Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015

0.022***

−0.721***

−0.017**

–

(0.005)

(0.213)

(0.007)

–

Mean

0.960

–

Observations

19,407

914

Dependent variable:	School	Hours	Extensive	Intensive
A. Baseline effects—equation (1)
I. By gender
Effect of labor law 2015	0.036***	−1.865***	−0.036***	−1.938***
	(0.006)	(0.251)	(0.007)	(0.725)
Male	−0.017***	2.630***	0.090***	3.283***
	(0.004)	(0.294)	(0.007)	(0.432)
Male × labor law 2015	−0.027***	2.167***	0.047***	1.478**
	(0.008)	(0.416)	(0.009)	(0.658)
Mean (girls)	0.958	0.850	0.047	18.126
Mean (boys)	0.950	2.432	0.113	221.557
Observations	123,487	123,487	123,487	15,911
B. Individual fixed effects—equation (2)
I. Full sample
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.028***	−0.733***	−0.020**	−0.486
	(0.005)	(0.267)	(0.009)	(1.519)
Mean	0.932	2.424	0.103	23.516
Observations	23,562	23,562	23,562	3,035
II. Children working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.047***	−1.713	−0.075**	−0.471
	(0.016)	(1.110)	(0.036)	(1.534)
Mean	0.814	12.556	0.534	23.516
Observations	4,155	4,155	4,155	2,121
III. Children not working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.022***	−0.721***	−0.017**	–
	(0.005)	(0.213)	(0.007)	–
Mean	0.960	–	–	–
Observations	19,407	19,407	19,407	914

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Effect of the Labor Law Reform in 2015 on School Enrollment and Employment

Dependent variable:	School	Hours	Extensive	Intensive
	enrollment	worked	margin	margin
	I	II	III	IV
A. Baseline effects—equation (1)
I. By gender
Effect of labor law 2015	0.036***	−1.865***	−0.036***	−1.938***
	(0.006)	(0.251)	(0.007)	(0.725)
Male	−0.017***	2.630***	0.090***	3.283***
	(0.004)	(0.294)	(0.007)	(0.432)
Male × labor law 2015	−0.027***	2.167***	0.047***	1.478**
	(0.008)	(0.416)	(0.009)	(0.658)
Mean (girls)	0.958	0.850	0.047	18.126
Mean (boys)	0.950	2.432	0.113	221.557
Observations	123,487	123,487	123,487	15,911
B. Individual fixed effects—equation (2)
I. Full sample
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.028***	−0.733***	−0.020**	−0.486
	(0.005)	(0.267)	(0.009)	(1.519)
Mean	0.932	2.424	0.103	23.516
Observations	23,562	23,562	23,562	3,035
II. Children working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.047***	−1.713	−0.075**	−0.471
	(0.016)	(1.110)	(0.036)	(1.534)
Mean	0.814	12.556	0.534	23.516
Observations	4,155	4,155	4,155	2,121
III. Children not working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.022***	−0.721***	−0.017**	–
	(0.005)	(0.213)	(0.007)	–
Mean	0.960	–	–	–
Observations	19,407	19,407	19,407	914

Dependent variable:	School	Hours	Extensive	Intensive
	enrollment	worked	margin	margin
	I	II	III	IV
A. Baseline effects—equation (1)
I. By gender
Effect of labor law 2015	0.036***	−1.865***	−0.036***	−1.938***
	(0.006)	(0.251)	(0.007)	(0.725)
Male	−0.017***	2.630***	0.090***	3.283***
	(0.004)	(0.294)	(0.007)	(0.432)
Male × labor law 2015	−0.027***	2.167***	0.047***	1.478**
	(0.008)	(0.416)	(0.009)	(0.658)
Mean (girls)	0.958	0.850	0.047	18.126
Mean (boys)	0.950	2.432	0.113	221.557
Observations	123,487	123,487	123,487	15,911
B. Individual fixed effects—equation (2)
I. Full sample
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.028***	−0.733***	−0.020**	−0.486
	(0.005)	(0.267)	(0.009)	(1.519)
Mean	0.932	2.424	0.103	23.516
Observations	23,562	23,562	23,562	3,035
II. Children working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.047***	−1.713	−0.075**	−0.471
	(0.016)	(1.110)	(0.036)	(1.534)
Mean	0.814	12.556	0.534	23.516
Observations	4,155	4,155	4,155	2,121
III. Children not working pre-reform
Born 12/06–31/12 2000 × labor law 2015	0.022***	−0.721***	−0.017**	–
	(0.005)	(0.213)	(0.007)	–
Mean	0.960	–	–	–
Observations	19,407	19,407	19,407	914

Source: Mexican National Survey on Occupation and Employment (ENOE) for the years 2013 to 2017, authors’ analysis.

Note: Results are obtained from DiD models. The regressions for equation (1) (our main specification) include the full set of controls, state fixed effects, quarter-by-year fixed effects, and state-specific time trend. Standard errors in parentheses (clustered at the birth-month-survey year level). The regressions for equation (2) include the full set of controls, individual fixed effects, birth rank, state fixed effects, quarter-by-year fixed effects, and state-specific time trend. Robust standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1.

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