Demographics, comorbidities, presentation reasons and medication changes in entire study cohort and stratified by number of discharge medications
| Characteristic . | Number (%) or mean (SDa) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (n = 2000) . | ≤4 medications at discharge (n = 325) . | 5–9 medications at discharge (n = 865) . | ≥10 medications at discharge (n = 810) . | P-valueb . | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 86.0 (5.8) | 86.4 (6.2) | 86.5 (5.8) | 85.5 (5.6) | <.001* |
| Gender (female) | 1181 (59.1) | 199 (61.2) | 505 (58.7) | 477 (58.5) | .68 |
| Comorbidities and presentation reasons | |||||
| CCIC categories | <.001* | ||||
| 0 | 925 (46.3) | 191 (58.8) | 417 (48.2) | 317 (39.1) | |
| 1–2 | 740 (37.0) | 95 (29.2) | 336 (38.8) | 309 (38.1) | |
| 3+ | 335 (16.8) | 39 (12.0) | 112 (12.9) | 184 (22.7) | |
| Palliative status | 98 (4.9) | 22 (6.8) | 33 (3.8) | 43 (5.3) | .09 |
| Principal diagnosis for index admission | <.001* | ||||
| Musculoskeletal or connective tissue system | 517 (25.9) | 79 (24.3) | 214 (24.7) | 224 (27.7) | |
| Respiratory | 322 (16.1) | 35 (10.8) | 141 (16.3) | 146 (18.0) | |
| Neurological and psychiatric | 308 (15.4) | 65 (20.0) | 136 (15.7) | 107 (13.2) | |
| Cardiac and circulatory system | 220 (11.0) | 22 (6.8) | 99 (11.4) | 99 (12.2) | |
| Genitourinary system | 148 (7.4) | 19 (5.8) | 74 (8.6) | 55 (6.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal system | 122 (6.1) | 32 (9.8) | 54 (6.2) | 36 (4.4) | |
| Dermatological | 101 (5.1) | 19 (5.8) | 42 (4.9) | 40 (4.9) | |
| Infection | 79 (4.0) | 11 (3.4) | 30 (3.5) | 38 (4.7) | |
| Haematological and neoplasms | 61 (3.1) | 9 (2.8) | 25 (2.9) | 27 (3.3) | |
| Endocrine and metabolic disorders | 35 (1.8) | 11 (3.4) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.5) | |
| Other | 87 (4.4) | 23 (7.1) | 38 (4.4) | 26 (3.2) | |
| Directions of medication change | |||||
| Medications increased | 1684 (84.2) | 220 (67.7) | 714 (82.5) | 750 (92.6) | <.001* |
| Medications decreased | 1238 (61.9) | 157 (48.3) | 514 (59.4) | 567 (70.0) | <.001* |
| PIMsd increased | 149 (7.5) | 15 (4.6) | 48 (5.5) | 86 (10.6) | <.001* |
| PIMs decreased | 279 (14.0) | 40 (12.3) | 113 (13.1) | 126 (15.6) | .22 |
| DBIe medications increasedf | 404 (20.2) | 24 (7.4) | 145 (16.8) | 235 (29.0) | <.001* |
| DBI medications decreasedg | 408 (20.4) | 52 (16.0) | 169 (19.5) | 187 (23.1) | .02* |
| Difference in medications at discharge compared to admission | |||||
| Difference in number of medications | 1607 (80.4) | 235 (72.3) | 664 (76.8) | 708 (87.4) | <.001* |
| Difference in number of PIMs | 388 (19.4) | 58 (17.8) | 158 (18.3) | 172 (21.2) | .23 |
| Difference in DBI scoreh | 737 (36.9) | 81 (24.9) | 293 (33.9) | 363 (44.8) | <.001* |
| Characteristic . | Number (%) or mean (SDa) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (n = 2000) . | ≤4 medications at discharge (n = 325) . | 5–9 medications at discharge (n = 865) . | ≥10 medications at discharge (n = 810) . | P-valueb . | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 86.0 (5.8) | 86.4 (6.2) | 86.5 (5.8) | 85.5 (5.6) | <.001* |
| Gender (female) | 1181 (59.1) | 199 (61.2) | 505 (58.7) | 477 (58.5) | .68 |
| Comorbidities and presentation reasons | |||||
| CCIC categories | <.001* | ||||
| 0 | 925 (46.3) | 191 (58.8) | 417 (48.2) | 317 (39.1) | |
| 1–2 | 740 (37.0) | 95 (29.2) | 336 (38.8) | 309 (38.1) | |
| 3+ | 335 (16.8) | 39 (12.0) | 112 (12.9) | 184 (22.7) | |
| Palliative status | 98 (4.9) | 22 (6.8) | 33 (3.8) | 43 (5.3) | .09 |
| Principal diagnosis for index admission | <.001* | ||||
| Musculoskeletal or connective tissue system | 517 (25.9) | 79 (24.3) | 214 (24.7) | 224 (27.7) | |
| Respiratory | 322 (16.1) | 35 (10.8) | 141 (16.3) | 146 (18.0) | |
| Neurological and psychiatric | 308 (15.4) | 65 (20.0) | 136 (15.7) | 107 (13.2) | |
| Cardiac and circulatory system | 220 (11.0) | 22 (6.8) | 99 (11.4) | 99 (12.2) | |
| Genitourinary system | 148 (7.4) | 19 (5.8) | 74 (8.6) | 55 (6.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal system | 122 (6.1) | 32 (9.8) | 54 (6.2) | 36 (4.4) | |
| Dermatological | 101 (5.1) | 19 (5.8) | 42 (4.9) | 40 (4.9) | |
| Infection | 79 (4.0) | 11 (3.4) | 30 (3.5) | 38 (4.7) | |
| Haematological and neoplasms | 61 (3.1) | 9 (2.8) | 25 (2.9) | 27 (3.3) | |
| Endocrine and metabolic disorders | 35 (1.8) | 11 (3.4) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.5) | |
| Other | 87 (4.4) | 23 (7.1) | 38 (4.4) | 26 (3.2) | |
| Directions of medication change | |||||
| Medications increased | 1684 (84.2) | 220 (67.7) | 714 (82.5) | 750 (92.6) | <.001* |
| Medications decreased | 1238 (61.9) | 157 (48.3) | 514 (59.4) | 567 (70.0) | <.001* |
| PIMsd increased | 149 (7.5) | 15 (4.6) | 48 (5.5) | 86 (10.6) | <.001* |
| PIMs decreased | 279 (14.0) | 40 (12.3) | 113 (13.1) | 126 (15.6) | .22 |
| DBIe medications increasedf | 404 (20.2) | 24 (7.4) | 145 (16.8) | 235 (29.0) | <.001* |
| DBI medications decreasedg | 408 (20.4) | 52 (16.0) | 169 (19.5) | 187 (23.1) | .02* |
| Difference in medications at discharge compared to admission | |||||
| Difference in number of medications | 1607 (80.4) | 235 (72.3) | 664 (76.8) | 708 (87.4) | <.001* |
| Difference in number of PIMs | 388 (19.4) | 58 (17.8) | 158 (18.3) | 172 (21.2) | .23 |
| Difference in DBI scoreh | 737 (36.9) | 81 (24.9) | 293 (33.9) | 363 (44.8) | <.001* |
aSD, standard deviation; bP-value <.05 indicated with *; cCCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; dPIMs, potentially inappropriate medications as per Beers criteria 2015, eDBI, Drug Burden Index, fNumber and percentage of patients with at least one DBI-contributing medication increased at discharge compared to admission, gNumber and percentage of patients with at least one DBI-contributing medication decreased at discharge compared to admission, hNumber and proportion of patients with a difference in the DBI score at discharge compared to admission.
Demographics, comorbidities, presentation reasons and medication changes in entire study cohort and stratified by number of discharge medications
| Characteristic . | Number (%) or mean (SDa) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (n = 2000) . | ≤4 medications at discharge (n = 325) . | 5–9 medications at discharge (n = 865) . | ≥10 medications at discharge (n = 810) . | P-valueb . | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 86.0 (5.8) | 86.4 (6.2) | 86.5 (5.8) | 85.5 (5.6) | <.001* |
| Gender (female) | 1181 (59.1) | 199 (61.2) | 505 (58.7) | 477 (58.5) | .68 |
| Comorbidities and presentation reasons | |||||
| CCIC categories | <.001* | ||||
| 0 | 925 (46.3) | 191 (58.8) | 417 (48.2) | 317 (39.1) | |
| 1–2 | 740 (37.0) | 95 (29.2) | 336 (38.8) | 309 (38.1) | |
| 3+ | 335 (16.8) | 39 (12.0) | 112 (12.9) | 184 (22.7) | |
| Palliative status | 98 (4.9) | 22 (6.8) | 33 (3.8) | 43 (5.3) | .09 |
| Principal diagnosis for index admission | <.001* | ||||
| Musculoskeletal or connective tissue system | 517 (25.9) | 79 (24.3) | 214 (24.7) | 224 (27.7) | |
| Respiratory | 322 (16.1) | 35 (10.8) | 141 (16.3) | 146 (18.0) | |
| Neurological and psychiatric | 308 (15.4) | 65 (20.0) | 136 (15.7) | 107 (13.2) | |
| Cardiac and circulatory system | 220 (11.0) | 22 (6.8) | 99 (11.4) | 99 (12.2) | |
| Genitourinary system | 148 (7.4) | 19 (5.8) | 74 (8.6) | 55 (6.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal system | 122 (6.1) | 32 (9.8) | 54 (6.2) | 36 (4.4) | |
| Dermatological | 101 (5.1) | 19 (5.8) | 42 (4.9) | 40 (4.9) | |
| Infection | 79 (4.0) | 11 (3.4) | 30 (3.5) | 38 (4.7) | |
| Haematological and neoplasms | 61 (3.1) | 9 (2.8) | 25 (2.9) | 27 (3.3) | |
| Endocrine and metabolic disorders | 35 (1.8) | 11 (3.4) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.5) | |
| Other | 87 (4.4) | 23 (7.1) | 38 (4.4) | 26 (3.2) | |
| Directions of medication change | |||||
| Medications increased | 1684 (84.2) | 220 (67.7) | 714 (82.5) | 750 (92.6) | <.001* |
| Medications decreased | 1238 (61.9) | 157 (48.3) | 514 (59.4) | 567 (70.0) | <.001* |
| PIMsd increased | 149 (7.5) | 15 (4.6) | 48 (5.5) | 86 (10.6) | <.001* |
| PIMs decreased | 279 (14.0) | 40 (12.3) | 113 (13.1) | 126 (15.6) | .22 |
| DBIe medications increasedf | 404 (20.2) | 24 (7.4) | 145 (16.8) | 235 (29.0) | <.001* |
| DBI medications decreasedg | 408 (20.4) | 52 (16.0) | 169 (19.5) | 187 (23.1) | .02* |
| Difference in medications at discharge compared to admission | |||||
| Difference in number of medications | 1607 (80.4) | 235 (72.3) | 664 (76.8) | 708 (87.4) | <.001* |
| Difference in number of PIMs | 388 (19.4) | 58 (17.8) | 158 (18.3) | 172 (21.2) | .23 |
| Difference in DBI scoreh | 737 (36.9) | 81 (24.9) | 293 (33.9) | 363 (44.8) | <.001* |
| Characteristic . | Number (%) or mean (SDa) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (n = 2000) . | ≤4 medications at discharge (n = 325) . | 5–9 medications at discharge (n = 865) . | ≥10 medications at discharge (n = 810) . | P-valueb . | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 86.0 (5.8) | 86.4 (6.2) | 86.5 (5.8) | 85.5 (5.6) | <.001* |
| Gender (female) | 1181 (59.1) | 199 (61.2) | 505 (58.7) | 477 (58.5) | .68 |
| Comorbidities and presentation reasons | |||||
| CCIC categories | <.001* | ||||
| 0 | 925 (46.3) | 191 (58.8) | 417 (48.2) | 317 (39.1) | |
| 1–2 | 740 (37.0) | 95 (29.2) | 336 (38.8) | 309 (38.1) | |
| 3+ | 335 (16.8) | 39 (12.0) | 112 (12.9) | 184 (22.7) | |
| Palliative status | 98 (4.9) | 22 (6.8) | 33 (3.8) | 43 (5.3) | .09 |
| Principal diagnosis for index admission | <.001* | ||||
| Musculoskeletal or connective tissue system | 517 (25.9) | 79 (24.3) | 214 (24.7) | 224 (27.7) | |
| Respiratory | 322 (16.1) | 35 (10.8) | 141 (16.3) | 146 (18.0) | |
| Neurological and psychiatric | 308 (15.4) | 65 (20.0) | 136 (15.7) | 107 (13.2) | |
| Cardiac and circulatory system | 220 (11.0) | 22 (6.8) | 99 (11.4) | 99 (12.2) | |
| Genitourinary system | 148 (7.4) | 19 (5.8) | 74 (8.6) | 55 (6.8) | |
| Gastrointestinal system | 122 (6.1) | 32 (9.8) | 54 (6.2) | 36 (4.4) | |
| Dermatological | 101 (5.1) | 19 (5.8) | 42 (4.9) | 40 (4.9) | |
| Infection | 79 (4.0) | 11 (3.4) | 30 (3.5) | 38 (4.7) | |
| Haematological and neoplasms | 61 (3.1) | 9 (2.8) | 25 (2.9) | 27 (3.3) | |
| Endocrine and metabolic disorders | 35 (1.8) | 11 (3.4) | 12 (1.4) | 12 (1.5) | |
| Other | 87 (4.4) | 23 (7.1) | 38 (4.4) | 26 (3.2) | |
| Directions of medication change | |||||
| Medications increased | 1684 (84.2) | 220 (67.7) | 714 (82.5) | 750 (92.6) | <.001* |
| Medications decreased | 1238 (61.9) | 157 (48.3) | 514 (59.4) | 567 (70.0) | <.001* |
| PIMsd increased | 149 (7.5) | 15 (4.6) | 48 (5.5) | 86 (10.6) | <.001* |
| PIMs decreased | 279 (14.0) | 40 (12.3) | 113 (13.1) | 126 (15.6) | .22 |
| DBIe medications increasedf | 404 (20.2) | 24 (7.4) | 145 (16.8) | 235 (29.0) | <.001* |
| DBI medications decreasedg | 408 (20.4) | 52 (16.0) | 169 (19.5) | 187 (23.1) | .02* |
| Difference in medications at discharge compared to admission | |||||
| Difference in number of medications | 1607 (80.4) | 235 (72.3) | 664 (76.8) | 708 (87.4) | <.001* |
| Difference in number of PIMs | 388 (19.4) | 58 (17.8) | 158 (18.3) | 172 (21.2) | .23 |
| Difference in DBI scoreh | 737 (36.9) | 81 (24.9) | 293 (33.9) | 363 (44.8) | <.001* |
aSD, standard deviation; bP-value <.05 indicated with *; cCCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; dPIMs, potentially inappropriate medications as per Beers criteria 2015, eDBI, Drug Burden Index, fNumber and percentage of patients with at least one DBI-contributing medication increased at discharge compared to admission, gNumber and percentage of patients with at least one DBI-contributing medication decreased at discharge compared to admission, hNumber and proportion of patients with a difference in the DBI score at discharge compared to admission.
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