Table 1
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Average hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) evaluating the composite endpoint of unplanned cardiovascular events in various subgroups

 In-person vs. SCOnline vs. SCIn-person vs. online
 HR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-value
Treating cardiologist
 Non-electrophysiologist (n = 427)0.94 (0.79; 1.11)0.701.07 (0.78; 1.46)0.440.82 (0.58; 1.15)0.32
 Electrophysiologist (n = 611)1.10 (0.95; 1.27)0.761.31 (0.98; 1.76)0.050.94 (0.71; 1.25)0.18
Highest degree
 Primary/secondary school (n = 613)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.651.34 (1.01; 1.77)0.170.82 (0.62; 1.09)0.49
 College/university (n = 425)0.99 (0.84; 1.18)0.460.99 (0.71; 1.38)0.780.99 (0.71; 1.39)0.93
Age ≤ 70 years old
 Yes (n = 507)0.88 (0.75; 1.03)<0.0011.33 (0.98; 1.82)0.150.63 (0.46; 0.86)<0.001
 No (n = 531)1.01 (0.86; 1.17)0.881.06 (0.79; 1.43)0.980.96 (0.71; 1.30)0.75
History of congestive heart failure
 Yes (n = 376)0.95 (0.81; 1.13)0.881.10 (0.80; 1.51)0.740.81 (0.59; 1.13)0.45
 No (n = 662)0.82 (0.71; 0.95)<0.0011.18 (0.87; 1.61)0.280.58 (0.43; 0.77)<0.001
At least two cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 728)1.07 (0.94; 1.22)0.261.28 (0.99; 1.64)0.410.90 (0.69; 1.16)0.30
 No (n = 310)0.94 (0.76; 1.15)0.391.00 (0.67; 1.49)0.910.87 (0.58; 1.33)0.62
At least three cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 369)1.02 (0.85; 1.22)0.421.44 (1.03; 2.02)0.110.72 (0.51; 1.02)0.24
 No (n = 642)1.02 (0.89; 1.18)0.781.03 (0.78; 1.36)0.811.02 (0.77; 1.35)0.98
Catheter ablation in history
 Yes (n = 354)1.24 (1.02; 1.50)<0.0011.67 (1.15; 2.42)<0.0010.75 (0.51; 1.10)0.36
 No (n = 684)1.05 (0.92; 1.20)0.241.14 (0.87; 1.48)0.770.96 (0.74; 1.25)0.63
AF diagnosis < 1 year
 Yes (n = 327)1.12 (0.91; 1.36)0.371.42 (0.97; 2.06)0.200.90 (0.62; 1.31)0.21
 No (n = 711)0.98 (0.86; 1.12)0.731.09 (0.84; 1.42)0.930.89 (0.68; 1.17)0.50
mEHRA score ≥ 2a
 Yes (n = 608)1.08 (0.94; 1.24)0.681.20 (0.92; 1.57)0.700.98 (0.76; 1.28)0.71
 No (n = 430)0.43 (0.36; 0.52)<0.0011.12 (0.78; 1.61)0.530.34 (0.23; 0.49)<0.001
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 2 (men) or ≥3 (women)
 Yes (n = 801)1.04 (0.92; 1.18)0.481.21 (0.96; 1.54)0.500.90 (0.71; 1.15)0.68
 No (n = 237)––––––
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 3 (men) or ≥4 (women)
 Yes (n = 574)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.501.27 (0.96; 1.67)0.520.86 (0.65; 1.14)0.61
 No (n = 464)0.89 (0.75; 1.06)<0.0010.88 (0.63; 1.23)<0.001––
Patient contacted team with at least one clinical question throughout the study
 Yes (n = 160)1.35 (1.03; 1.76)<0.0013.84 (2.23; 6.63)<0.0011.05 (0.71; 1.55)0.34
 No (n = 878)0.94 (0.82; 1.07)0.801.16 (0.91; 1.46)0.790.76 (0.58; 1.00)0.39
Centre
 Hospital 10.98 (0.81; 1.19)0.991.16 (0.82; 1.64)0.870.83 (0.56; 1.21)0.77
 Hospital 20.31 (0.26; 0.38)<0.0011.19 (0.84; 1.69)0.570.25 (0.18; 0.36)<0.001
 Hospital 31.64 (1.35; 1.99)<0.0012.20 (1.43; 3.37)<0.0011.40 (0.93; 2.10)0.56
 In-person vs. SCOnline vs. SCIn-person vs. online
 HR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-value
Treating cardiologist
 Non-electrophysiologist (n = 427)0.94 (0.79; 1.11)0.701.07 (0.78; 1.46)0.440.82 (0.58; 1.15)0.32
 Electrophysiologist (n = 611)1.10 (0.95; 1.27)0.761.31 (0.98; 1.76)0.050.94 (0.71; 1.25)0.18
Highest degree
 Primary/secondary school (n = 613)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.651.34 (1.01; 1.77)0.170.82 (0.62; 1.09)0.49
 College/university (n = 425)0.99 (0.84; 1.18)0.460.99 (0.71; 1.38)0.780.99 (0.71; 1.39)0.93
Age ≤ 70 years old
 Yes (n = 507)0.88 (0.75; 1.03)<0.0011.33 (0.98; 1.82)0.150.63 (0.46; 0.86)<0.001
 No (n = 531)1.01 (0.86; 1.17)0.881.06 (0.79; 1.43)0.980.96 (0.71; 1.30)0.75
History of congestive heart failure
 Yes (n = 376)0.95 (0.81; 1.13)0.881.10 (0.80; 1.51)0.740.81 (0.59; 1.13)0.45
 No (n = 662)0.82 (0.71; 0.95)<0.0011.18 (0.87; 1.61)0.280.58 (0.43; 0.77)<0.001
At least two cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 728)1.07 (0.94; 1.22)0.261.28 (0.99; 1.64)0.410.90 (0.69; 1.16)0.30
 No (n = 310)0.94 (0.76; 1.15)0.391.00 (0.67; 1.49)0.910.87 (0.58; 1.33)0.62
At least three cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 369)1.02 (0.85; 1.22)0.421.44 (1.03; 2.02)0.110.72 (0.51; 1.02)0.24
 No (n = 642)1.02 (0.89; 1.18)0.781.03 (0.78; 1.36)0.811.02 (0.77; 1.35)0.98
Catheter ablation in history
 Yes (n = 354)1.24 (1.02; 1.50)<0.0011.67 (1.15; 2.42)<0.0010.75 (0.51; 1.10)0.36
 No (n = 684)1.05 (0.92; 1.20)0.241.14 (0.87; 1.48)0.770.96 (0.74; 1.25)0.63
AF diagnosis < 1 year
 Yes (n = 327)1.12 (0.91; 1.36)0.371.42 (0.97; 2.06)0.200.90 (0.62; 1.31)0.21
 No (n = 711)0.98 (0.86; 1.12)0.731.09 (0.84; 1.42)0.930.89 (0.68; 1.17)0.50
mEHRA score ≥ 2a
 Yes (n = 608)1.08 (0.94; 1.24)0.681.20 (0.92; 1.57)0.700.98 (0.76; 1.28)0.71
 No (n = 430)0.43 (0.36; 0.52)<0.0011.12 (0.78; 1.61)0.530.34 (0.23; 0.49)<0.001
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 2 (men) or ≥3 (women)
 Yes (n = 801)1.04 (0.92; 1.18)0.481.21 (0.96; 1.54)0.500.90 (0.71; 1.15)0.68
 No (n = 237)––––––
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 3 (men) or ≥4 (women)
 Yes (n = 574)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.501.27 (0.96; 1.67)0.520.86 (0.65; 1.14)0.61
 No (n = 464)0.89 (0.75; 1.06)<0.0010.88 (0.63; 1.23)<0.001––
Patient contacted team with at least one clinical question throughout the study
 Yes (n = 160)1.35 (1.03; 1.76)<0.0013.84 (2.23; 6.63)<0.0011.05 (0.71; 1.55)0.34
 No (n = 878)0.94 (0.82; 1.07)0.801.16 (0.91; 1.46)0.790.76 (0.58; 1.00)0.39
Centre
 Hospital 10.98 (0.81; 1.19)0.991.16 (0.82; 1.64)0.870.83 (0.56; 1.21)0.77
 Hospital 20.31 (0.26; 0.38)<0.0011.19 (0.84; 1.69)0.570.25 (0.18; 0.36)<0.001
 Hospital 31.64 (1.35; 1.99)<0.0012.20 (1.43; 3.37)<0.0011.40 (0.93; 2.10)0.56

Li and Lagakos tests of the Wei–Lin–Weissfeld method restricting the number of events to three per subject given that the minority of the subjects had four events or more. The Bonferroni correction is applied to correct for multiple testing, i.e. each null hypothesis is tested with an alpha-level of 0.0167. The Wald test was used to calculate the P-values, given its robustness in case of differences in the effects for each event. The average effect test was used to calculate the hazard ratios and accompanying confidence intervals. Significant P-values are depicted in bold. Only the global test of the effect over all recurrent events is shown (thus including both fatal and non-fatal unplanned cardiovascular events). If no values are shown, this means that no fatal events occurred.

Table 1
Open in new tab

Average hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) evaluating the composite endpoint of unplanned cardiovascular events in various subgroups

 In-person vs. SCOnline vs. SCIn-person vs. online
 HR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-value
Treating cardiologist
 Non-electrophysiologist (n = 427)0.94 (0.79; 1.11)0.701.07 (0.78; 1.46)0.440.82 (0.58; 1.15)0.32
 Electrophysiologist (n = 611)1.10 (0.95; 1.27)0.761.31 (0.98; 1.76)0.050.94 (0.71; 1.25)0.18
Highest degree
 Primary/secondary school (n = 613)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.651.34 (1.01; 1.77)0.170.82 (0.62; 1.09)0.49
 College/university (n = 425)0.99 (0.84; 1.18)0.460.99 (0.71; 1.38)0.780.99 (0.71; 1.39)0.93
Age ≤ 70 years old
 Yes (n = 507)0.88 (0.75; 1.03)<0.0011.33 (0.98; 1.82)0.150.63 (0.46; 0.86)<0.001
 No (n = 531)1.01 (0.86; 1.17)0.881.06 (0.79; 1.43)0.980.96 (0.71; 1.30)0.75
History of congestive heart failure
 Yes (n = 376)0.95 (0.81; 1.13)0.881.10 (0.80; 1.51)0.740.81 (0.59; 1.13)0.45
 No (n = 662)0.82 (0.71; 0.95)<0.0011.18 (0.87; 1.61)0.280.58 (0.43; 0.77)<0.001
At least two cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 728)1.07 (0.94; 1.22)0.261.28 (0.99; 1.64)0.410.90 (0.69; 1.16)0.30
 No (n = 310)0.94 (0.76; 1.15)0.391.00 (0.67; 1.49)0.910.87 (0.58; 1.33)0.62
At least three cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 369)1.02 (0.85; 1.22)0.421.44 (1.03; 2.02)0.110.72 (0.51; 1.02)0.24
 No (n = 642)1.02 (0.89; 1.18)0.781.03 (0.78; 1.36)0.811.02 (0.77; 1.35)0.98
Catheter ablation in history
 Yes (n = 354)1.24 (1.02; 1.50)<0.0011.67 (1.15; 2.42)<0.0010.75 (0.51; 1.10)0.36
 No (n = 684)1.05 (0.92; 1.20)0.241.14 (0.87; 1.48)0.770.96 (0.74; 1.25)0.63
AF diagnosis < 1 year
 Yes (n = 327)1.12 (0.91; 1.36)0.371.42 (0.97; 2.06)0.200.90 (0.62; 1.31)0.21
 No (n = 711)0.98 (0.86; 1.12)0.731.09 (0.84; 1.42)0.930.89 (0.68; 1.17)0.50
mEHRA score ≥ 2a
 Yes (n = 608)1.08 (0.94; 1.24)0.681.20 (0.92; 1.57)0.700.98 (0.76; 1.28)0.71
 No (n = 430)0.43 (0.36; 0.52)<0.0011.12 (0.78; 1.61)0.530.34 (0.23; 0.49)<0.001
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 2 (men) or ≥3 (women)
 Yes (n = 801)1.04 (0.92; 1.18)0.481.21 (0.96; 1.54)0.500.90 (0.71; 1.15)0.68
 No (n = 237)––––––
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 3 (men) or ≥4 (women)
 Yes (n = 574)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.501.27 (0.96; 1.67)0.520.86 (0.65; 1.14)0.61
 No (n = 464)0.89 (0.75; 1.06)<0.0010.88 (0.63; 1.23)<0.001––
Patient contacted team with at least one clinical question throughout the study
 Yes (n = 160)1.35 (1.03; 1.76)<0.0013.84 (2.23; 6.63)<0.0011.05 (0.71; 1.55)0.34
 No (n = 878)0.94 (0.82; 1.07)0.801.16 (0.91; 1.46)0.790.76 (0.58; 1.00)0.39
Centre
 Hospital 10.98 (0.81; 1.19)0.991.16 (0.82; 1.64)0.870.83 (0.56; 1.21)0.77
 Hospital 20.31 (0.26; 0.38)<0.0011.19 (0.84; 1.69)0.570.25 (0.18; 0.36)<0.001
 Hospital 31.64 (1.35; 1.99)<0.0012.20 (1.43; 3.37)<0.0011.40 (0.93; 2.10)0.56
 In-person vs. SCOnline vs. SCIn-person vs. online
 HR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-valueHR (95% CI)P-value
Treating cardiologist
 Non-electrophysiologist (n = 427)0.94 (0.79; 1.11)0.701.07 (0.78; 1.46)0.440.82 (0.58; 1.15)0.32
 Electrophysiologist (n = 611)1.10 (0.95; 1.27)0.761.31 (0.98; 1.76)0.050.94 (0.71; 1.25)0.18
Highest degree
 Primary/secondary school (n = 613)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.651.34 (1.01; 1.77)0.170.82 (0.62; 1.09)0.49
 College/university (n = 425)0.99 (0.84; 1.18)0.460.99 (0.71; 1.38)0.780.99 (0.71; 1.39)0.93
Age ≤ 70 years old
 Yes (n = 507)0.88 (0.75; 1.03)<0.0011.33 (0.98; 1.82)0.150.63 (0.46; 0.86)<0.001
 No (n = 531)1.01 (0.86; 1.17)0.881.06 (0.79; 1.43)0.980.96 (0.71; 1.30)0.75
History of congestive heart failure
 Yes (n = 376)0.95 (0.81; 1.13)0.881.10 (0.80; 1.51)0.740.81 (0.59; 1.13)0.45
 No (n = 662)0.82 (0.71; 0.95)<0.0011.18 (0.87; 1.61)0.280.58 (0.43; 0.77)<0.001
At least two cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 728)1.07 (0.94; 1.22)0.261.28 (0.99; 1.64)0.410.90 (0.69; 1.16)0.30
 No (n = 310)0.94 (0.76; 1.15)0.391.00 (0.67; 1.49)0.910.87 (0.58; 1.33)0.62
At least three cardiovascular risk factors
 Yes (n = 369)1.02 (0.85; 1.22)0.421.44 (1.03; 2.02)0.110.72 (0.51; 1.02)0.24
 No (n = 642)1.02 (0.89; 1.18)0.781.03 (0.78; 1.36)0.811.02 (0.77; 1.35)0.98
Catheter ablation in history
 Yes (n = 354)1.24 (1.02; 1.50)<0.0011.67 (1.15; 2.42)<0.0010.75 (0.51; 1.10)0.36
 No (n = 684)1.05 (0.92; 1.20)0.241.14 (0.87; 1.48)0.770.96 (0.74; 1.25)0.63
AF diagnosis < 1 year
 Yes (n = 327)1.12 (0.91; 1.36)0.371.42 (0.97; 2.06)0.200.90 (0.62; 1.31)0.21
 No (n = 711)0.98 (0.86; 1.12)0.731.09 (0.84; 1.42)0.930.89 (0.68; 1.17)0.50
mEHRA score ≥ 2a
 Yes (n = 608)1.08 (0.94; 1.24)0.681.20 (0.92; 1.57)0.700.98 (0.76; 1.28)0.71
 No (n = 430)0.43 (0.36; 0.52)<0.0011.12 (0.78; 1.61)0.530.34 (0.23; 0.49)<0.001
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 2 (men) or ≥3 (women)
 Yes (n = 801)1.04 (0.92; 1.18)0.481.21 (0.96; 1.54)0.500.90 (0.71; 1.15)0.68
 No (n = 237)––––––
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥ 3 (men) or ≥4 (women)
 Yes (n = 574)1.04 (0.90; 1.21)0.501.27 (0.96; 1.67)0.520.86 (0.65; 1.14)0.61
 No (n = 464)0.89 (0.75; 1.06)<0.0010.88 (0.63; 1.23)<0.001––
Patient contacted team with at least one clinical question throughout the study
 Yes (n = 160)1.35 (1.03; 1.76)<0.0013.84 (2.23; 6.63)<0.0011.05 (0.71; 1.55)0.34
 No (n = 878)0.94 (0.82; 1.07)0.801.16 (0.91; 1.46)0.790.76 (0.58; 1.00)0.39
Centre
 Hospital 10.98 (0.81; 1.19)0.991.16 (0.82; 1.64)0.870.83 (0.56; 1.21)0.77
 Hospital 20.31 (0.26; 0.38)<0.0011.19 (0.84; 1.69)0.570.25 (0.18; 0.36)<0.001
 Hospital 31.64 (1.35; 1.99)<0.0012.20 (1.43; 3.37)<0.0011.40 (0.93; 2.10)0.56

Li and Lagakos tests of the Wei–Lin–Weissfeld method restricting the number of events to three per subject given that the minority of the subjects had four events or more. The Bonferroni correction is applied to correct for multiple testing, i.e. each null hypothesis is tested with an alpha-level of 0.0167. The Wald test was used to calculate the P-values, given its robustness in case of differences in the effects for each event. The average effect test was used to calculate the hazard ratios and accompanying confidence intervals. Significant P-values are depicted in bold. Only the global test of the effect over all recurrent events is shown (thus including both fatal and non-fatal unplanned cardiovascular events). If no values are shown, this means that no fatal events occurred.

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