Baseline characteristics of patients with CIEDs and IE stratified by hospital lead extraction volume
| . | . | Extraction centres . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Overall . | Low-volume TLE . | Medium-volume TLE . | High-volume TLE . | P-value . |
| No. of admissions | 21 545 | 12 248 | 5467 | 3830 | |
| Age, mean (SE), year | 70.3 (0.2) | 72.3 (0.2) | 69.0 (0.4) | 66.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Age <65 years | 6415 (29.8%) | 3082 (25.2%) | 1783 (32.6%) | 1550 (40.5%) | |
| Age 65–74 | 4744 (22.0%) | 2618 (21.4%) | 1234 (22.6%) | 892 (23.3%) | |
| Age ≥65 years | 10 386 (48.2%) | 6548 (53.5%) | 2450 (44.8%) | 1388 (36.2%) | |
| Female sex | 8313 (38.6%) | 4873 (39.8%) | 2087 (38.2%) | 1352 (35.3%) | 0.003 |
| Presence of ICD | 7812 (36.3%) | 3904 (31.9%) | 2225 (40.7%) | 1683 (43.9%) | <0.001 |
| Staphylococcus aureus infection | 4727 (21.9%) | 2445 (20.0%) | 1320 (24.2%) | 962 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 246 (70.8%) | 8396 (68.6%) | 3955 (72.4%) | 2894 (75.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 16 048 (74.5%) | 9110 (74.4%) | 4097 (74.9%) | 2842 (74.2%) | 0.817 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8341 (38.7%) | 4751 (38.8%) | 2183 (39.9%) | 1407 (36.7%) | 0.118 |
| Obesity | 3748 (17.4%) | 2020 (16.5%) | 999 (18.3%) | 729 (19.0%) | 0.031 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2590 (12.0%) | 1369 (11.2%) | 728 (13.3%) | 493 (12.9%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3161 (14.7%) | 1842 (15.0%) | 764 (14.0%) | 555 (14.5%) | 0.531 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6416 (30.0%) | 3766 (30.8%) | 1597 (29.2%) | 1052 (27.5%) | 0.040 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2288 (10.6%) | 1209 (9.9%) | 589 (10.8%) | 490 (12.8%) | 0.002 |
| Coagulopathy | 5192 (24.1%) | 2695 (22.0%) | 1436 (26.3%) | 1061 (27.7%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 1985 (9.2%) | 1284 (10.5%) | 466 (8.5%) | 235 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 1446 (6.7%) | 723 (5.9%) | 399 (7.3%) | 324 (8.5%) | 0.003 |
| Income per zip code | 0.015 | ||||
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 6297 (29.6%) | 3580 (29.6%) | 1638 (30.3%) | 1079 (28.5%) | |
| 2nd quartile | 6105 (28.7%) | 3533 (29.2%) | 1605 (29.7%) | 968 (25.5%) | |
| 3rd quartile | 4786 (22.5%) | 2711 (22.4%) | 1232 (22.8%) | 842 (22.2%) | |
| 4th quartile (highest) | 4096 (19.2%) | 2268 (18.8%) | 929 (17.2%) | 899 (23.7%) | |
| Primary payer | <0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 16 345 (75.9%) | 9686 (79.1%) | 4019 (73.6%) | 2640 (68.9%) | |
| Medicaid | 1982 (9.2%) | 1009 (8.2%) | 505 (9.3%) | 468 (12.2%) | |
| Private including HMO | 2351 (10.9%) | 1092 (8.9%) | 690 (12.6%) | 569 (14.9%) | |
| Self-pay/no charge/other | 848 (3.9%) | 452 (3.7%) | 245 (4.5%) | 152 (4.0%) | |
| . | . | Extraction centres . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Overall . | Low-volume TLE . | Medium-volume TLE . | High-volume TLE . | P-value . |
| No. of admissions | 21 545 | 12 248 | 5467 | 3830 | |
| Age, mean (SE), year | 70.3 (0.2) | 72.3 (0.2) | 69.0 (0.4) | 66.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Age <65 years | 6415 (29.8%) | 3082 (25.2%) | 1783 (32.6%) | 1550 (40.5%) | |
| Age 65–74 | 4744 (22.0%) | 2618 (21.4%) | 1234 (22.6%) | 892 (23.3%) | |
| Age ≥65 years | 10 386 (48.2%) | 6548 (53.5%) | 2450 (44.8%) | 1388 (36.2%) | |
| Female sex | 8313 (38.6%) | 4873 (39.8%) | 2087 (38.2%) | 1352 (35.3%) | 0.003 |
| Presence of ICD | 7812 (36.3%) | 3904 (31.9%) | 2225 (40.7%) | 1683 (43.9%) | <0.001 |
| Staphylococcus aureus infection | 4727 (21.9%) | 2445 (20.0%) | 1320 (24.2%) | 962 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 246 (70.8%) | 8396 (68.6%) | 3955 (72.4%) | 2894 (75.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 16 048 (74.5%) | 9110 (74.4%) | 4097 (74.9%) | 2842 (74.2%) | 0.817 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8341 (38.7%) | 4751 (38.8%) | 2183 (39.9%) | 1407 (36.7%) | 0.118 |
| Obesity | 3748 (17.4%) | 2020 (16.5%) | 999 (18.3%) | 729 (19.0%) | 0.031 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2590 (12.0%) | 1369 (11.2%) | 728 (13.3%) | 493 (12.9%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3161 (14.7%) | 1842 (15.0%) | 764 (14.0%) | 555 (14.5%) | 0.531 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6416 (30.0%) | 3766 (30.8%) | 1597 (29.2%) | 1052 (27.5%) | 0.040 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2288 (10.6%) | 1209 (9.9%) | 589 (10.8%) | 490 (12.8%) | 0.002 |
| Coagulopathy | 5192 (24.1%) | 2695 (22.0%) | 1436 (26.3%) | 1061 (27.7%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 1985 (9.2%) | 1284 (10.5%) | 466 (8.5%) | 235 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 1446 (6.7%) | 723 (5.9%) | 399 (7.3%) | 324 (8.5%) | 0.003 |
| Income per zip code | 0.015 | ||||
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 6297 (29.6%) | 3580 (29.6%) | 1638 (30.3%) | 1079 (28.5%) | |
| 2nd quartile | 6105 (28.7%) | 3533 (29.2%) | 1605 (29.7%) | 968 (25.5%) | |
| 3rd quartile | 4786 (22.5%) | 2711 (22.4%) | 1232 (22.8%) | 842 (22.2%) | |
| 4th quartile (highest) | 4096 (19.2%) | 2268 (18.8%) | 929 (17.2%) | 899 (23.7%) | |
| Primary payer | <0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 16 345 (75.9%) | 9686 (79.1%) | 4019 (73.6%) | 2640 (68.9%) | |
| Medicaid | 1982 (9.2%) | 1009 (8.2%) | 505 (9.3%) | 468 (12.2%) | |
| Private including HMO | 2351 (10.9%) | 1092 (8.9%) | 690 (12.6%) | 569 (14.9%) | |
| Self-pay/no charge/other | 848 (3.9%) | 452 (3.7%) | 245 (4.5%) | 152 (4.0%) | |
HMO, health maintenance organization; ICD, implantable cardioverter–defibrillator; TLE, transvenous lead extraction/removal.
Baseline characteristics of patients with CIEDs and IE stratified by hospital lead extraction volume
| . | . | Extraction centres . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Overall . | Low-volume TLE . | Medium-volume TLE . | High-volume TLE . | P-value . |
| No. of admissions | 21 545 | 12 248 | 5467 | 3830 | |
| Age, mean (SE), year | 70.3 (0.2) | 72.3 (0.2) | 69.0 (0.4) | 66.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Age <65 years | 6415 (29.8%) | 3082 (25.2%) | 1783 (32.6%) | 1550 (40.5%) | |
| Age 65–74 | 4744 (22.0%) | 2618 (21.4%) | 1234 (22.6%) | 892 (23.3%) | |
| Age ≥65 years | 10 386 (48.2%) | 6548 (53.5%) | 2450 (44.8%) | 1388 (36.2%) | |
| Female sex | 8313 (38.6%) | 4873 (39.8%) | 2087 (38.2%) | 1352 (35.3%) | 0.003 |
| Presence of ICD | 7812 (36.3%) | 3904 (31.9%) | 2225 (40.7%) | 1683 (43.9%) | <0.001 |
| Staphylococcus aureus infection | 4727 (21.9%) | 2445 (20.0%) | 1320 (24.2%) | 962 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 246 (70.8%) | 8396 (68.6%) | 3955 (72.4%) | 2894 (75.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 16 048 (74.5%) | 9110 (74.4%) | 4097 (74.9%) | 2842 (74.2%) | 0.817 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8341 (38.7%) | 4751 (38.8%) | 2183 (39.9%) | 1407 (36.7%) | 0.118 |
| Obesity | 3748 (17.4%) | 2020 (16.5%) | 999 (18.3%) | 729 (19.0%) | 0.031 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2590 (12.0%) | 1369 (11.2%) | 728 (13.3%) | 493 (12.9%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3161 (14.7%) | 1842 (15.0%) | 764 (14.0%) | 555 (14.5%) | 0.531 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6416 (30.0%) | 3766 (30.8%) | 1597 (29.2%) | 1052 (27.5%) | 0.040 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2288 (10.6%) | 1209 (9.9%) | 589 (10.8%) | 490 (12.8%) | 0.002 |
| Coagulopathy | 5192 (24.1%) | 2695 (22.0%) | 1436 (26.3%) | 1061 (27.7%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 1985 (9.2%) | 1284 (10.5%) | 466 (8.5%) | 235 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 1446 (6.7%) | 723 (5.9%) | 399 (7.3%) | 324 (8.5%) | 0.003 |
| Income per zip code | 0.015 | ||||
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 6297 (29.6%) | 3580 (29.6%) | 1638 (30.3%) | 1079 (28.5%) | |
| 2nd quartile | 6105 (28.7%) | 3533 (29.2%) | 1605 (29.7%) | 968 (25.5%) | |
| 3rd quartile | 4786 (22.5%) | 2711 (22.4%) | 1232 (22.8%) | 842 (22.2%) | |
| 4th quartile (highest) | 4096 (19.2%) | 2268 (18.8%) | 929 (17.2%) | 899 (23.7%) | |
| Primary payer | <0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 16 345 (75.9%) | 9686 (79.1%) | 4019 (73.6%) | 2640 (68.9%) | |
| Medicaid | 1982 (9.2%) | 1009 (8.2%) | 505 (9.3%) | 468 (12.2%) | |
| Private including HMO | 2351 (10.9%) | 1092 (8.9%) | 690 (12.6%) | 569 (14.9%) | |
| Self-pay/no charge/other | 848 (3.9%) | 452 (3.7%) | 245 (4.5%) | 152 (4.0%) | |
| . | . | Extraction centres . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics . | Overall . | Low-volume TLE . | Medium-volume TLE . | High-volume TLE . | P-value . |
| No. of admissions | 21 545 | 12 248 | 5467 | 3830 | |
| Age, mean (SE), year | 70.3 (0.2) | 72.3 (0.2) | 69.0 (0.4) | 66.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Age <65 years | 6415 (29.8%) | 3082 (25.2%) | 1783 (32.6%) | 1550 (40.5%) | |
| Age 65–74 | 4744 (22.0%) | 2618 (21.4%) | 1234 (22.6%) | 892 (23.3%) | |
| Age ≥65 years | 10 386 (48.2%) | 6548 (53.5%) | 2450 (44.8%) | 1388 (36.2%) | |
| Female sex | 8313 (38.6%) | 4873 (39.8%) | 2087 (38.2%) | 1352 (35.3%) | 0.003 |
| Presence of ICD | 7812 (36.3%) | 3904 (31.9%) | 2225 (40.7%) | 1683 (43.9%) | <0.001 |
| Staphylococcus aureus infection | 4727 (21.9%) | 2445 (20.0%) | 1320 (24.2%) | 962 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 246 (70.8%) | 8396 (68.6%) | 3955 (72.4%) | 2894 (75.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 16 048 (74.5%) | 9110 (74.4%) | 4097 (74.9%) | 2842 (74.2%) | 0.817 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8341 (38.7%) | 4751 (38.8%) | 2183 (39.9%) | 1407 (36.7%) | 0.118 |
| Obesity | 3748 (17.4%) | 2020 (16.5%) | 999 (18.3%) | 729 (19.0%) | 0.031 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2590 (12.0%) | 1369 (11.2%) | 728 (13.3%) | 493 (12.9%) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3161 (14.7%) | 1842 (15.0%) | 764 (14.0%) | 555 (14.5%) | 0.531 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6416 (30.0%) | 3766 (30.8%) | 1597 (29.2%) | 1052 (27.5%) | 0.040 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2288 (10.6%) | 1209 (9.9%) | 589 (10.8%) | 490 (12.8%) | 0.002 |
| Coagulopathy | 5192 (24.1%) | 2695 (22.0%) | 1436 (26.3%) | 1061 (27.7%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 1985 (9.2%) | 1284 (10.5%) | 466 (8.5%) | 235 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 1446 (6.7%) | 723 (5.9%) | 399 (7.3%) | 324 (8.5%) | 0.003 |
| Income per zip code | 0.015 | ||||
| 1st quartile (lowest) | 6297 (29.6%) | 3580 (29.6%) | 1638 (30.3%) | 1079 (28.5%) | |
| 2nd quartile | 6105 (28.7%) | 3533 (29.2%) | 1605 (29.7%) | 968 (25.5%) | |
| 3rd quartile | 4786 (22.5%) | 2711 (22.4%) | 1232 (22.8%) | 842 (22.2%) | |
| 4th quartile (highest) | 4096 (19.2%) | 2268 (18.8%) | 929 (17.2%) | 899 (23.7%) | |
| Primary payer | <0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 16 345 (75.9%) | 9686 (79.1%) | 4019 (73.6%) | 2640 (68.9%) | |
| Medicaid | 1982 (9.2%) | 1009 (8.2%) | 505 (9.3%) | 468 (12.2%) | |
| Private including HMO | 2351 (10.9%) | 1092 (8.9%) | 690 (12.6%) | 569 (14.9%) | |
| Self-pay/no charge/other | 848 (3.9%) | 452 (3.7%) | 245 (4.5%) | 152 (4.0%) | |
HMO, health maintenance organization; ICD, implantable cardioverter–defibrillator; TLE, transvenous lead extraction/removal.
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