Baseline Characteristic of Patients Presenting With Cryptococcal Meningitis According to ART Status (A) in the AMBITION Study and (B) in the Combined AMBITION and ACTA Datasets
| . | . | Not on ART . | On ART . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Median (IQR) % (n) . | ≤14 d . | >14 d–2 m . | >2 m–6 m . | >6 m . | ||
| A. AMBITION Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–44) | 38 (31–44) | 38 (32–43) | 36 (33–43) | 36 (30–41) | .13 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 64% (262) | 61% (44) | 66% (51) | 62% (26) | 52% (108) | .07 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 21 (9–44) | 40 (20–66) | 41 (25–89) | 69 (37–107) | 20 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 4.87 (3.3–5.7) | 4.33 (2.3–5.2) | 3.65 (1.8–5.1) | 2.11 (1.2–3.5) | 4.73 (2.6–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 30% (124) | 39% (28) | 27% (21) | 26% (11) | 23% (47) | .09 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 5 (3–47) | 5 (4–70) | 15 (4–52) | 35 (4–120) | 6 (2–59) | .005 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.8 (0.4–1.4 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | .001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–21) | 14 (10–28) | 14 (7–21) | .12 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 92% (66) | 90% (69) | 88% (37) | 69% (143) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (23/184) | – |
| B. Combined AMBITION and ACTA Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–43) | 39 (31–44) | 39 (33–45) | 36 (32–43) | 36 (31–42) | .06 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 61% (433) | 63% (75) | 65% (84) | 54% (50) | 54% (166) | .11 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 23 (9–48) | 41 (21–73) | 47 (22–86) | 55 (30–93) | 21 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 5.02 (3.8–5.7) | 4.59 (2.6–5.5) | 3.72 (2.0–5.1) | 2.72 (1.2–4.4) | 4.79 (3.0–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 28% (199) | 36% (43) | 25% (33) | 23% (21) | 22% (67) | .03 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 4 (1–35) | 4 (3–60) | 7 (3–40) | 6 (2–80) | 5 (1–38) | .17 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | <.001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–26) | 14 (9–30) | 14 (7–21) | .03 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 95% (114) | 92% (119) | 89% (82) | 70% (214) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (28/216) | … |
| . | . | Not on ART . | On ART . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Median (IQR) % (n) . | ≤14 d . | >14 d–2 m . | >2 m–6 m . | >6 m . | ||
| A. AMBITION Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–44) | 38 (31–44) | 38 (32–43) | 36 (33–43) | 36 (30–41) | .13 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 64% (262) | 61% (44) | 66% (51) | 62% (26) | 52% (108) | .07 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 21 (9–44) | 40 (20–66) | 41 (25–89) | 69 (37–107) | 20 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 4.87 (3.3–5.7) | 4.33 (2.3–5.2) | 3.65 (1.8–5.1) | 2.11 (1.2–3.5) | 4.73 (2.6–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 30% (124) | 39% (28) | 27% (21) | 26% (11) | 23% (47) | .09 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 5 (3–47) | 5 (4–70) | 15 (4–52) | 35 (4–120) | 6 (2–59) | .005 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.8 (0.4–1.4 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | .001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–21) | 14 (10–28) | 14 (7–21) | .12 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 92% (66) | 90% (69) | 88% (37) | 69% (143) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (23/184) | – |
| B. Combined AMBITION and ACTA Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–43) | 39 (31–44) | 39 (33–45) | 36 (32–43) | 36 (31–42) | .06 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 61% (433) | 63% (75) | 65% (84) | 54% (50) | 54% (166) | .11 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 23 (9–48) | 41 (21–73) | 47 (22–86) | 55 (30–93) | 21 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 5.02 (3.8–5.7) | 4.59 (2.6–5.5) | 3.72 (2.0–5.1) | 2.72 (1.2–4.4) | 4.79 (3.0–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 28% (199) | 36% (43) | 25% (33) | 23% (21) | 22% (67) | .03 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 4 (1–35) | 4 (3–60) | 7 (3–40) | 6 (2–80) | 5 (1–38) | .17 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | <.001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–26) | 14 (9–30) | 14 (7–21) | .03 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 95% (114) | 92% (119) | 89% (82) | 70% (214) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (28/216) | … |
ART adherence was based on self-report, with those reporting no missed doses in the past month classified as reporting good adherence. P values were derived from Fisher exact test, chi-squared tests, or rank-sum tests as appropriate.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
a91/115 (79%) of individuals on ART for ≤14 d had symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis at the time of ART initiation.
bViral load testing is not performed until 6 m on therapy so viral load results were not available for most participants in the earlier timepoints. Viral load test results were available for 216/307 individuals on ART >6 m.
Baseline Characteristic of Patients Presenting With Cryptococcal Meningitis According to ART Status (A) in the AMBITION Study and (B) in the Combined AMBITION and ACTA Datasets
| . | . | Not on ART . | On ART . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Median (IQR) % (n) . | ≤14 d . | >14 d–2 m . | >2 m–6 m . | >6 m . | ||
| A. AMBITION Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–44) | 38 (31–44) | 38 (32–43) | 36 (33–43) | 36 (30–41) | .13 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 64% (262) | 61% (44) | 66% (51) | 62% (26) | 52% (108) | .07 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 21 (9–44) | 40 (20–66) | 41 (25–89) | 69 (37–107) | 20 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 4.87 (3.3–5.7) | 4.33 (2.3–5.2) | 3.65 (1.8–5.1) | 2.11 (1.2–3.5) | 4.73 (2.6–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 30% (124) | 39% (28) | 27% (21) | 26% (11) | 23% (47) | .09 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 5 (3–47) | 5 (4–70) | 15 (4–52) | 35 (4–120) | 6 (2–59) | .005 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.8 (0.4–1.4 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | .001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–21) | 14 (10–28) | 14 (7–21) | .12 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 92% (66) | 90% (69) | 88% (37) | 69% (143) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (23/184) | – |
| B. Combined AMBITION and ACTA Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–43) | 39 (31–44) | 39 (33–45) | 36 (32–43) | 36 (31–42) | .06 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 61% (433) | 63% (75) | 65% (84) | 54% (50) | 54% (166) | .11 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 23 (9–48) | 41 (21–73) | 47 (22–86) | 55 (30–93) | 21 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 5.02 (3.8–5.7) | 4.59 (2.6–5.5) | 3.72 (2.0–5.1) | 2.72 (1.2–4.4) | 4.79 (3.0–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 28% (199) | 36% (43) | 25% (33) | 23% (21) | 22% (67) | .03 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 4 (1–35) | 4 (3–60) | 7 (3–40) | 6 (2–80) | 5 (1–38) | .17 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | <.001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–26) | 14 (9–30) | 14 (7–21) | .03 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 95% (114) | 92% (119) | 89% (82) | 70% (214) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (28/216) | … |
| . | . | Not on ART . | On ART . | P . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable . | Median (IQR) % (n) . | ≤14 d . | >14 d–2 m . | >2 m–6 m . | >6 m . | ||
| A. AMBITION Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–44) | 38 (31–44) | 38 (32–43) | 36 (33–43) | 36 (30–41) | .13 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 64% (262) | 61% (44) | 66% (51) | 62% (26) | 52% (108) | .07 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 21 (9–44) | 40 (20–66) | 41 (25–89) | 69 (37–107) | 20 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 4.87 (3.3–5.7) | 4.33 (2.3–5.2) | 3.65 (1.8–5.1) | 2.11 (1.2–3.5) | 4.73 (2.6–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 30% (124) | 39% (28) | 27% (21) | 26% (11) | 23% (47) | .09 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 5 (3–47) | 5 (4–70) | 15 (4–52) | 35 (4–120) | 6 (2–59) | .005 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.8 (0.4–1.4 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | .001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–21) | 14 (10–28) | 14 (7–21) | .12 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 92% (66) | 90% (69) | 88% (37) | 69% (143) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (23/184) | – |
| B. Combined AMBITION and ACTA Study Data | |||||||
| Age (y) | … | 37 (32–43) | 39 (31–44) | 39 (33–45) | 36 (32–43) | 36 (31–42) | .06 |
| Sex (male, % n) | … | 61% (433) | 63% (75) | 65% (84) | 54% (50) | 54% (166) | .11 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | … | 23 (9–48) | 41 (21–73) | 47 (22–86) | 55 (30–93) | 21 (9–63) | <.001 |
| Baseline CSF fungal burden (log10 CFU/mL) | … | 5.02 (3.8–5.7) | 4.59 (2.6–5.5) | 3.72 (2.0–5.1) | 2.72 (1.2–4.4) | 4.79 (3.0–5.7) | <.001 |
| Abnormal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score <15) | … | 28% (199) | 36% (43) | 25% (33) | 23% (21) | 22% (67) | .03 |
| CSF white cell count (cells/µL) | … | 4 (1–35) | 4 (3–60) | 7 (3–40) | 6 (2–80) | 5 (1–38) | .17 |
| CSF protein (g/dL) | … | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | <.001 |
| Symptom duration (d) | … | 14 (7–21) | 14 (7–21)a | 14 (7–26) | 14 (9–30) | 14 (7–21) | .03 |
| ART adherence (reporting good adherence) | … | … | 95% (114) | 92% (119) | 89% (82) | 70% (214) | <.001 |
| Viral suppressionb (<50 copies/mL) | … | … | … | … | … | 13% (28/216) | … |
ART adherence was based on self-report, with those reporting no missed doses in the past month classified as reporting good adherence. P values were derived from Fisher exact test, chi-squared tests, or rank-sum tests as appropriate.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
a91/115 (79%) of individuals on ART for ≤14 d had symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis at the time of ART initiation.
bViral load testing is not performed until 6 m on therapy so viral load results were not available for most participants in the earlier timepoints. Viral load test results were available for 216/307 individuals on ART >6 m.
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