The summary of simulation parameters. The maximum frequency of the Ricker wavelet is calculated by 2.5|${f}_\mathrm{ c}$|, in which |${f}_\mathrm{ c}$| is the dominant frequency. Numerical parameters in the scattering, layered and SEAM models for the FDM, the MDLSM and the conventional LSM are the same.
| Numerical model . | Scattering . | Layered . | SEAM . | Fracture . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model size (x-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 4345 m | 0.0106 m |
| Model size (z-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 3720 m | 0.0306 m |
| Spatial interval | 5 m | 5 m | 5 m | 2 |$\ \times $| 10–4 m |
| Maximum PPW for P wave | 28.8 | 28.8 | 44.1 | – |
| Minimum PPW for P wave | 21.6 | 20.0 | 11.9 | – |
| Maximum PPW for S wave | 16 | 16 | 24.9 | – |
| Minimum PPW for S wave | 14.4 | 12.8 | 8.0 | – |
| Time step | 1 ms | 1 ms | 0.5 ms | 6.67 |$\ \times $| 10–7 ms |
| Dominant frequency | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | – |
| Time-shift | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | – |
| Number of time steps | 1001 | 501 | 1001 | – |
| Numerical model . | Scattering . | Layered . | SEAM . | Fracture . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model size (x-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 4345 m | 0.0106 m |
| Model size (z-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 3720 m | 0.0306 m |
| Spatial interval | 5 m | 5 m | 5 m | 2 |$\ \times $| 10–4 m |
| Maximum PPW for P wave | 28.8 | 28.8 | 44.1 | – |
| Minimum PPW for P wave | 21.6 | 20.0 | 11.9 | – |
| Maximum PPW for S wave | 16 | 16 | 24.9 | – |
| Minimum PPW for S wave | 14.4 | 12.8 | 8.0 | – |
| Time step | 1 ms | 1 ms | 0.5 ms | 6.67 |$\ \times $| 10–7 ms |
| Dominant frequency | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | – |
| Time-shift | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | – |
| Number of time steps | 1001 | 501 | 1001 | – |
The summary of simulation parameters. The maximum frequency of the Ricker wavelet is calculated by 2.5|${f}_\mathrm{ c}$|, in which |${f}_\mathrm{ c}$| is the dominant frequency. Numerical parameters in the scattering, layered and SEAM models for the FDM, the MDLSM and the conventional LSM are the same.
| Numerical model . | Scattering . | Layered . | SEAM . | Fracture . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model size (x-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 4345 m | 0.0106 m |
| Model size (z-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 3720 m | 0.0306 m |
| Spatial interval | 5 m | 5 m | 5 m | 2 |$\ \times $| 10–4 m |
| Maximum PPW for P wave | 28.8 | 28.8 | 44.1 | – |
| Minimum PPW for P wave | 21.6 | 20.0 | 11.9 | – |
| Maximum PPW for S wave | 16 | 16 | 24.9 | – |
| Minimum PPW for S wave | 14.4 | 12.8 | 8.0 | – |
| Time step | 1 ms | 1 ms | 0.5 ms | 6.67 |$\ \times $| 10–7 ms |
| Dominant frequency | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | – |
| Time-shift | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | – |
| Number of time steps | 1001 | 501 | 1001 | – |
| Numerical model . | Scattering . | Layered . | SEAM . | Fracture . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model size (x-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 4345 m | 0.0106 m |
| Model size (z-direction) | 1995 m | 1995 m | 3720 m | 0.0306 m |
| Spatial interval | 5 m | 5 m | 5 m | 2 |$\ \times $| 10–4 m |
| Maximum PPW for P wave | 28.8 | 28.8 | 44.1 | – |
| Minimum PPW for P wave | 21.6 | 20.0 | 11.9 | – |
| Maximum PPW for S wave | 16 | 16 | 24.9 | – |
| Minimum PPW for S wave | 14.4 | 12.8 | 8.0 | – |
| Time step | 1 ms | 1 ms | 0.5 ms | 6.67 |$\ \times $| 10–7 ms |
| Dominant frequency | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | 10 Hz | – |
| Time-shift | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | 0.15 s | – |
| Number of time steps | 1001 | 501 | 1001 | – |
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