Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort stratified by mitral regurgitation evolution at 2-month echocardiogram
| Demographics . | Overall cohort (n = 288) . | MR stable (n = 156) . | MR improvement (n = 99) . | MR worsening (n = 33) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78 (74–82) | 77 (72–82) | 80 (75–83) | 80 (75–82) | 0.007 |
| Female | 172 (60%) | 103 (66%) | 51 (51%) | 18 (55%) | 0.057 |
| Body mass index | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–30) | 0.957 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 42 (15%) | 20 (13%) | 18 (18%) | 4 (12%) | 0.150 |
| COPD | 58 (20%) | 29 (19%) | 22 (22%) | 7 (20%) | 0.784 |
| Euroscore2 | 6 (4–11) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (4–11) | 6 (4–11) | 0.228 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 152 (53%) | 88 (56%) | 45 (45%) | 19 (57%) | 0.356 |
| PM/ICD | 65 (18%) | 35 (22%) | 26 (26%) | 6 (18%) | 0.099 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 212 (74%) | 118 (76%) | 72 (72%) | 22 (66%) | 0.506 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (25%) | 36 (23%) | 27 (27%) | 9 (27%) | 0.751 |
| Right heart failure signs | |||||
| Ascites | 49 (17%) | 32 (22%) | 8 (9%) | 9 (29%) | 0.009 |
| Peripheral oedema | 218 (76%) | 111 (71%) | 82 (82%) | 25 (75%) | 0.044 |
| Therapy | |||||
| Baseline anti-RAAS therapy | 180 (62%) | 100 (64%) | 64 (64%) | 16 (48%) | 0.209 |
| Baseline beta-blocker therapy | 244 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 91 (91%) | 25 (75%) | 0.023 |
| Baseline MRA therapy | 131 (45%) | 69 (44%) | 46 (46%) | 16 (48%) | 0.141 |
| Baseline furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 81 (±99) | 80 (±109) | 74 (±73) | 108 (±111) | 0.129 |
| 2-month furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 67 (± 69) | 71 (±74) | 56 (±46) | 78 (±94) | 0.294 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| TR aetiology | 0.320 | ||||
| Functional atrial | 133 (46%) | 72 (46%) | 47 (47%) | 14 (42%) | |
| Functional ventricular | 122 (42%) | 67 (43%) | 43 (43%) | 12 (36%) | |
| CIED | 16 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Organic | 17 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 3 (10%) | |
| LVEF | 55 (47–60) | 55 (50–60) | 52 (42–59) | 55 (50–60) | 0.015 |
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 19 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 10 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 0.212 |
| LVEDD | 48 (43–54) | 48 (43–53) | 50 (44–55) | 48 (45–52) | 0.401 |
| LVEDD > 60 mm | 26 (9%) | 12 (6%) | 12 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 0.191 |
| Left atrial volume | 99 (72–128) | 94 (70–129) | 104 (78–128) | 95 (65–113) | 0.314 |
| Baseline MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 39 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 0 | 11 (34%) | |
| 1 | 126 (44%) | 98 (63%) | 10 (10%) | 18 (56%) | |
| 2 | 67 (23%) | 27 (17%) | 37 (37%) | 3 (9%) | |
| 3 | 48 (17%) | 3 (2%) | 44 (44%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 4 | 8 (3%) | 0 | 8 (8%) | 0 | |
| 2-month MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 43 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 0 | |
| 1 | 175 (61%) | 98 (63%) | 67 (68%) | 10 (30%) | |
| 2 | 62 (22%) | 27 (17%) | 17 (17%) | 18 (55%) | |
| 3 | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 | 3 (9%) | |
| 4 | 2 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6%) | |
| TAPSE | 16 (14–20) | 16 (13–21) | 16 (14–19) | 17 (15–21) | 0.313 |
| TAPSE/sPAP | 0.40 (0.31–0.6) | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) | 0.42 (0.31–0.56) | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.433 |
| TAPSE/sPAP < 0.4 | 100 (35%) | 53 (40%) | 37 (42%) | 10 (38%) | 0.925 |
| Procedural data | |||||
| Procedure | 0.055 | ||||
| T-TEER | 242 (84%) | 129 (83%) | 87 (88%) | 26 (78%) | |
| Annuloplasty | 18 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (5%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Spacer | 12 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 3 (3%) | 0 | |
| TTVR | 6 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Heterotopic | 8 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Combined | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Acute procedural success | 246 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 92 (97%) | 26 (78%) | 0.029 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | 5 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0.524 |
| Effective reduction to at least moderate TR | 215 (75%) | 112 (72%) | 82 (83%) | 21 (63%) | 0.037 |
| Demographics . | Overall cohort (n = 288) . | MR stable (n = 156) . | MR improvement (n = 99) . | MR worsening (n = 33) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78 (74–82) | 77 (72–82) | 80 (75–83) | 80 (75–82) | 0.007 |
| Female | 172 (60%) | 103 (66%) | 51 (51%) | 18 (55%) | 0.057 |
| Body mass index | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–30) | 0.957 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 42 (15%) | 20 (13%) | 18 (18%) | 4 (12%) | 0.150 |
| COPD | 58 (20%) | 29 (19%) | 22 (22%) | 7 (20%) | 0.784 |
| Euroscore2 | 6 (4–11) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (4–11) | 6 (4–11) | 0.228 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 152 (53%) | 88 (56%) | 45 (45%) | 19 (57%) | 0.356 |
| PM/ICD | 65 (18%) | 35 (22%) | 26 (26%) | 6 (18%) | 0.099 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 212 (74%) | 118 (76%) | 72 (72%) | 22 (66%) | 0.506 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (25%) | 36 (23%) | 27 (27%) | 9 (27%) | 0.751 |
| Right heart failure signs | |||||
| Ascites | 49 (17%) | 32 (22%) | 8 (9%) | 9 (29%) | 0.009 |
| Peripheral oedema | 218 (76%) | 111 (71%) | 82 (82%) | 25 (75%) | 0.044 |
| Therapy | |||||
| Baseline anti-RAAS therapy | 180 (62%) | 100 (64%) | 64 (64%) | 16 (48%) | 0.209 |
| Baseline beta-blocker therapy | 244 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 91 (91%) | 25 (75%) | 0.023 |
| Baseline MRA therapy | 131 (45%) | 69 (44%) | 46 (46%) | 16 (48%) | 0.141 |
| Baseline furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 81 (±99) | 80 (±109) | 74 (±73) | 108 (±111) | 0.129 |
| 2-month furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 67 (± 69) | 71 (±74) | 56 (±46) | 78 (±94) | 0.294 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| TR aetiology | 0.320 | ||||
| Functional atrial | 133 (46%) | 72 (46%) | 47 (47%) | 14 (42%) | |
| Functional ventricular | 122 (42%) | 67 (43%) | 43 (43%) | 12 (36%) | |
| CIED | 16 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Organic | 17 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 3 (10%) | |
| LVEF | 55 (47–60) | 55 (50–60) | 52 (42–59) | 55 (50–60) | 0.015 |
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 19 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 10 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 0.212 |
| LVEDD | 48 (43–54) | 48 (43–53) | 50 (44–55) | 48 (45–52) | 0.401 |
| LVEDD > 60 mm | 26 (9%) | 12 (6%) | 12 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 0.191 |
| Left atrial volume | 99 (72–128) | 94 (70–129) | 104 (78–128) | 95 (65–113) | 0.314 |
| Baseline MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 39 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 0 | 11 (34%) | |
| 1 | 126 (44%) | 98 (63%) | 10 (10%) | 18 (56%) | |
| 2 | 67 (23%) | 27 (17%) | 37 (37%) | 3 (9%) | |
| 3 | 48 (17%) | 3 (2%) | 44 (44%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 4 | 8 (3%) | 0 | 8 (8%) | 0 | |
| 2-month MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 43 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 0 | |
| 1 | 175 (61%) | 98 (63%) | 67 (68%) | 10 (30%) | |
| 2 | 62 (22%) | 27 (17%) | 17 (17%) | 18 (55%) | |
| 3 | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 | 3 (9%) | |
| 4 | 2 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6%) | |
| TAPSE | 16 (14–20) | 16 (13–21) | 16 (14–19) | 17 (15–21) | 0.313 |
| TAPSE/sPAP | 0.40 (0.31–0.6) | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) | 0.42 (0.31–0.56) | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.433 |
| TAPSE/sPAP < 0.4 | 100 (35%) | 53 (40%) | 37 (42%) | 10 (38%) | 0.925 |
| Procedural data | |||||
| Procedure | 0.055 | ||||
| T-TEER | 242 (84%) | 129 (83%) | 87 (88%) | 26 (78%) | |
| Annuloplasty | 18 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (5%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Spacer | 12 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 3 (3%) | 0 | |
| TTVR | 6 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Heterotopic | 8 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Combined | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Acute procedural success | 246 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 92 (97%) | 26 (78%) | 0.029 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | 5 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0.524 |
| Effective reduction to at least moderate TR | 215 (75%) | 112 (72%) | 82 (83%) | 21 (63%) | 0.037 |
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; PM, pacemaker; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosteron; RV, right ventricle; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion; T-TEER, tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; TTVR, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement.
Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort stratified by mitral regurgitation evolution at 2-month echocardiogram
| Demographics . | Overall cohort (n = 288) . | MR stable (n = 156) . | MR improvement (n = 99) . | MR worsening (n = 33) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78 (74–82) | 77 (72–82) | 80 (75–83) | 80 (75–82) | 0.007 |
| Female | 172 (60%) | 103 (66%) | 51 (51%) | 18 (55%) | 0.057 |
| Body mass index | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–30) | 0.957 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 42 (15%) | 20 (13%) | 18 (18%) | 4 (12%) | 0.150 |
| COPD | 58 (20%) | 29 (19%) | 22 (22%) | 7 (20%) | 0.784 |
| Euroscore2 | 6 (4–11) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (4–11) | 6 (4–11) | 0.228 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 152 (53%) | 88 (56%) | 45 (45%) | 19 (57%) | 0.356 |
| PM/ICD | 65 (18%) | 35 (22%) | 26 (26%) | 6 (18%) | 0.099 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 212 (74%) | 118 (76%) | 72 (72%) | 22 (66%) | 0.506 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (25%) | 36 (23%) | 27 (27%) | 9 (27%) | 0.751 |
| Right heart failure signs | |||||
| Ascites | 49 (17%) | 32 (22%) | 8 (9%) | 9 (29%) | 0.009 |
| Peripheral oedema | 218 (76%) | 111 (71%) | 82 (82%) | 25 (75%) | 0.044 |
| Therapy | |||||
| Baseline anti-RAAS therapy | 180 (62%) | 100 (64%) | 64 (64%) | 16 (48%) | 0.209 |
| Baseline beta-blocker therapy | 244 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 91 (91%) | 25 (75%) | 0.023 |
| Baseline MRA therapy | 131 (45%) | 69 (44%) | 46 (46%) | 16 (48%) | 0.141 |
| Baseline furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 81 (±99) | 80 (±109) | 74 (±73) | 108 (±111) | 0.129 |
| 2-month furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 67 (± 69) | 71 (±74) | 56 (±46) | 78 (±94) | 0.294 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| TR aetiology | 0.320 | ||||
| Functional atrial | 133 (46%) | 72 (46%) | 47 (47%) | 14 (42%) | |
| Functional ventricular | 122 (42%) | 67 (43%) | 43 (43%) | 12 (36%) | |
| CIED | 16 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Organic | 17 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 3 (10%) | |
| LVEF | 55 (47–60) | 55 (50–60) | 52 (42–59) | 55 (50–60) | 0.015 |
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 19 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 10 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 0.212 |
| LVEDD | 48 (43–54) | 48 (43–53) | 50 (44–55) | 48 (45–52) | 0.401 |
| LVEDD > 60 mm | 26 (9%) | 12 (6%) | 12 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 0.191 |
| Left atrial volume | 99 (72–128) | 94 (70–129) | 104 (78–128) | 95 (65–113) | 0.314 |
| Baseline MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 39 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 0 | 11 (34%) | |
| 1 | 126 (44%) | 98 (63%) | 10 (10%) | 18 (56%) | |
| 2 | 67 (23%) | 27 (17%) | 37 (37%) | 3 (9%) | |
| 3 | 48 (17%) | 3 (2%) | 44 (44%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 4 | 8 (3%) | 0 | 8 (8%) | 0 | |
| 2-month MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 43 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 0 | |
| 1 | 175 (61%) | 98 (63%) | 67 (68%) | 10 (30%) | |
| 2 | 62 (22%) | 27 (17%) | 17 (17%) | 18 (55%) | |
| 3 | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 | 3 (9%) | |
| 4 | 2 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6%) | |
| TAPSE | 16 (14–20) | 16 (13–21) | 16 (14–19) | 17 (15–21) | 0.313 |
| TAPSE/sPAP | 0.40 (0.31–0.6) | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) | 0.42 (0.31–0.56) | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.433 |
| TAPSE/sPAP < 0.4 | 100 (35%) | 53 (40%) | 37 (42%) | 10 (38%) | 0.925 |
| Procedural data | |||||
| Procedure | 0.055 | ||||
| T-TEER | 242 (84%) | 129 (83%) | 87 (88%) | 26 (78%) | |
| Annuloplasty | 18 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (5%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Spacer | 12 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 3 (3%) | 0 | |
| TTVR | 6 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Heterotopic | 8 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Combined | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Acute procedural success | 246 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 92 (97%) | 26 (78%) | 0.029 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | 5 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0.524 |
| Effective reduction to at least moderate TR | 215 (75%) | 112 (72%) | 82 (83%) | 21 (63%) | 0.037 |
| Demographics . | Overall cohort (n = 288) . | MR stable (n = 156) . | MR improvement (n = 99) . | MR worsening (n = 33) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78 (74–82) | 77 (72–82) | 80 (75–83) | 80 (75–82) | 0.007 |
| Female | 172 (60%) | 103 (66%) | 51 (51%) | 18 (55%) | 0.057 |
| Body mass index | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–28) | 25 (22–30) | 0.957 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 42 (15%) | 20 (13%) | 18 (18%) | 4 (12%) | 0.150 |
| COPD | 58 (20%) | 29 (19%) | 22 (22%) | 7 (20%) | 0.784 |
| Euroscore2 | 6 (4–11) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (4–11) | 6 (4–11) | 0.228 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 152 (53%) | 88 (56%) | 45 (45%) | 19 (57%) | 0.356 |
| PM/ICD | 65 (18%) | 35 (22%) | 26 (26%) | 6 (18%) | 0.099 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 212 (74%) | 118 (76%) | 72 (72%) | 22 (66%) | 0.506 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (25%) | 36 (23%) | 27 (27%) | 9 (27%) | 0.751 |
| Right heart failure signs | |||||
| Ascites | 49 (17%) | 32 (22%) | 8 (9%) | 9 (29%) | 0.009 |
| Peripheral oedema | 218 (76%) | 111 (71%) | 82 (82%) | 25 (75%) | 0.044 |
| Therapy | |||||
| Baseline anti-RAAS therapy | 180 (62%) | 100 (64%) | 64 (64%) | 16 (48%) | 0.209 |
| Baseline beta-blocker therapy | 244 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 91 (91%) | 25 (75%) | 0.023 |
| Baseline MRA therapy | 131 (45%) | 69 (44%) | 46 (46%) | 16 (48%) | 0.141 |
| Baseline furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 81 (±99) | 80 (±109) | 74 (±73) | 108 (±111) | 0.129 |
| 2-month furosemide equivalent dose (mg) | 67 (± 69) | 71 (±74) | 56 (±46) | 78 (±94) | 0.294 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| TR aetiology | 0.320 | ||||
| Functional atrial | 133 (46%) | 72 (46%) | 47 (47%) | 14 (42%) | |
| Functional ventricular | 122 (42%) | 67 (43%) | 43 (43%) | 12 (36%) | |
| CIED | 16 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Organic | 17 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 3 (10%) | |
| LVEF | 55 (47–60) | 55 (50–60) | 52 (42–59) | 55 (50–60) | 0.015 |
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 19 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 10 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 0.212 |
| LVEDD | 48 (43–54) | 48 (43–53) | 50 (44–55) | 48 (45–52) | 0.401 |
| LVEDD > 60 mm | 26 (9%) | 12 (6%) | 12 (15%) | 2 (6%) | 0.191 |
| Left atrial volume | 99 (72–128) | 94 (70–129) | 104 (78–128) | 95 (65–113) | 0.314 |
| Baseline MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 39 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 0 | 11 (34%) | |
| 1 | 126 (44%) | 98 (63%) | 10 (10%) | 18 (56%) | |
| 2 | 67 (23%) | 27 (17%) | 37 (37%) | 3 (9%) | |
| 3 | 48 (17%) | 3 (2%) | 44 (44%) | 1 (3%) | |
| 4 | 8 (3%) | 0 | 8 (8%) | 0 | |
| 2-month MR degree | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 43 (14%) | 28 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 0 | |
| 1 | 175 (61%) | 98 (63%) | 67 (68%) | 10 (30%) | |
| 2 | 62 (22%) | 27 (17%) | 17 (17%) | 18 (55%) | |
| 3 | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 | 3 (9%) | |
| 4 | 2 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6%) | |
| TAPSE | 16 (14–20) | 16 (13–21) | 16 (14–19) | 17 (15–21) | 0.313 |
| TAPSE/sPAP | 0.40 (0.31–0.6) | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) | 0.42 (0.31–0.56) | 0.45 (0.34–0.60) | 0.433 |
| TAPSE/sPAP < 0.4 | 100 (35%) | 53 (40%) | 37 (42%) | 10 (38%) | 0.925 |
| Procedural data | |||||
| Procedure | 0.055 | ||||
| T-TEER | 242 (84%) | 129 (83%) | 87 (88%) | 26 (78%) | |
| Annuloplasty | 18 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (5%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Spacer | 12 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 3 (3%) | 0 | |
| TTVR | 6 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Heterotopic | 8 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 4 (12%) | |
| Combined | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Acute procedural success | 246 (85%) | 128 (82%) | 92 (97%) | 26 (78%) | 0.029 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | 5 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0.524 |
| Effective reduction to at least moderate TR | 215 (75%) | 112 (72%) | 82 (83%) | 21 (63%) | 0.037 |
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; PM, pacemaker; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosteron; RV, right ventricle; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion; T-TEER, tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; TTVR, transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement.
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