Table 4. Open in new tab Abdominal and...

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)	All Participants (n = 102)	PTB Cases (MRS Positive) (n = 57)	TB Cases (CRS Positive) (n = 73)	Unlikely TB (n = 29)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)
FASH
FASH_original^a	42/101 (42%)	25/56 (45%)	29/72 (40%)	13/29 (45%)	0.4 [0.3–0.52]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_ascites	44/101 (44%)	27/56 (48%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pericardium	44/101 (44%)	26/56 (46%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pleura600ml	22/101 (22%)	13/56 (23%)	16/72 (22%)	6/29 (21%)	0.22 [0.14–0.33]	0.79 [0.62–0.9]
Pleural effusion present, any	32/101 (32%)	19/56 (34%)	21/72 (29%)	11/29 (38%)	0.29 [0.2–0.41]	0.62 [0.44–0.77]
Pleural effusion estimated volume	346 [247–542] (N = 32)	350 [250–596] (N = 19)	350 [252–595] (N = 21)	308 [149–430] (N = 11)	…	…
Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm	5/101 (5%)	2/56 (4%)	3/72 (4%)	2/29 (7%)	0.04 [0.01–0.12]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present	4/101 (4%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	3/29 (10%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification	4/101 (4%)	3/56 (5%)	3/72 (4%)	1/29 (3%)	…	…
Hypoechoic liver lesions	2/101 (2%)	0/56 (0%)	0/72 (0%)	2/29 (7%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present	9/101 (9%)	6/56 (11%)	8/72 (11%)	1/29 (3%)	0.11 [0.06–0.2]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Ascites present	6/101 (6%)	3/56 (5%)	4/72 (6%)	2/29 (7%)	0.06 [0.02–0.13]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Lung ultrasound
consolidations
Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm	single: 6/84 (7) 2–5: 35/84 (42) > 5: 43/84 (51)	single: 2/56 (4) 2–5: 18/56 (32) > 5: 31/56 (55)	single: 3/60 (5) 2–5: 24 24/60 (40) > 5: 33/60 (55)	single: 3/24 (13) 2–5: 11/24 (46) > 5: 10/24 (42)	…	…
>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm	36/101 (36%)	27/56 (48%)	28/72 (39%)	8/29 (28%)	0.39 [0.29–0.51]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?	87/101 (86%)	53/56 (95%)	63/72 (88%)	24/29 (83%)	0.88 [0.78–0.93]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Any consolidation in the apical regions	42/101 (42%)	31/56 (55%)	33/72 (46%)	9/29 (31%)	0.46 [0.35–0.57]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions	35/101 (35%)	24/56 (43%)	26/72 (36%)	9/29 (31%)	0.36 [0.26–0.48]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions	15/101 (15%)	13/56 (23%)	14/72 (19%)	1/29 (3%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Other LUS findings
Miliary pattern present	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	1/29 (3%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
LUS findings in at least … lung zones
SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	72/101 (71%)	46/56 (82%)	54/72 (75%)	18/29 (62%)	0.75 [0.64–0.84]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	61/101 (60%)	39/56 (70%)	44/72 (61%)	17/29 (59%)	0.61 [0.5–0.72]	0.41 [0.26–0.59]
≥4 lung zones	52/101 (51%)	34/56 (61%)	37/72 (51%)	15/29 (52%)	0.51 [0.4–0.63]	0.48 [0.31–0.66]
≥5 lung zones	39/101 (39%)	29/56 (52%)	30/72 (42%)	9/29 (31%)	0.42 [0.31–0.53]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥6 lung zones	22/101 (22%)	14/56 (25%)	14/72 (19%)	8/29 (28%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
≥7 lung zones	14/101 (14%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	5/29 (17%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.83 [0.65–0.92]
SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
≥2 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	25/56 (45%)	25/72 (35%)	4/29 (14%)	0.35 [0.25–0.46]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
≥3 lung zones	20/101 (20%)	18/56 (32%)	18/72 (25%)	2/29 (7%)	0.25 [0.16–0.36]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
≥4 lung zones	12/101 (12%)	11/56 (20%)	11/72 (15%)	1/29 (3%)	0.15 [0.09–0.25]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	57/101 (56%)	35/56 (62%)	39/72 (54%)	18/29 (62%)	0.54 [0.43–0.65]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	43/101 (43%)	28/56 (50%)	31/72 (43%)	12/29 (41%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.59 [0.41–0.74]
≥4 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	20/56 (36%)	20/72 (28%)	9/29 (31%)	0.28 [0.19–0.39]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥5 lung zones	19/101 (19%)	15/56 (27%)	15/72 (21%)	4/29 (14%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.86 [0.6–0.95]
≥6 lung zones	13/101 (13%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	4/29 (14%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
Combinations of FASH and LUS
FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm	69/101 (68%)	45/56 (80%)	51/72 (71%)	18/29 (62%)	0.71 [0.59–0.8]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm	84/101 (83%)	52/56 (93%)	61/72 (85%)	23/29 (79%)	0.85 [0.75–0.91]	0.21 [0.1–0.38]
Other targets
IMNs ≥0.5 cm present	18/101 (18%)	12/56 (21%)	15/72 (21%)	3/29 (10%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Pleural laminar thickening	14/101 (14%)	10/56 (18%)	10/72 (14%)	4/29 (14%)	…	…
Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm	1/98 (1%)	0/55 (0%)	0/70 (0%)	1/28 (4%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.96 [0–82;1]
Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	2/72 (3%)	0/29 (0%)	0.03 [0.01–0.1]	1 [0.88–1]
Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b	1/85 (1%)	1/44 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	0/29 (0%)	…	…
Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)	12/99 (12%)	4/55 (7%)	11/70 (16%)	1/29 (3%)	0.16 [0.09–0.26]	0.97 [0.83–1]

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)

All Participants (n = 102)

PTB Cases
(MRS Positive)
(n = 57)

TB Cases
(CRS Positive) (n = 73)

Unlikely TB (n = 29)

Sensitivity (95% CI)

Specificity (95% CI)

FASH

FASH_original^a

42/101 (42%)

25/56 (45%)

29/72 (40%)

13/29 (45%)

0.4 [0.3–0.52]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_ascites

44/101 (44%)

27/56 (48%)

31/72 (43%)

13/29 (45%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_pericardium

44/101 (44%)

26/56 (46%)

31/72 (43%)

13/29 (45%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_pleura600ml

22/101 (22%)

13/56 (23%)

16/72 (22%)

6/29 (21%)

0.22 [0.14–0.33]

0.79 [0.62–0.9]

Pleural effusion present, any

32/101 (32%)

19/56 (34%)

21/72 (29%)

11/29 (38%)

0.29 [0.2–0.41]

0.62 [0.44–0.77]

Pleural effusion estimated volume

346 [247–542] (N = 32)

350 [250–596] (N = 19)

350 [252–595] (N = 21)

308 [149–430] (N = 11)

…

Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm

5/101 (5%)

2/56 (4%)

3/72 (4%)

2/29 (7%)

0.04 [0.01–0.12]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present

4/101 (4%)

1/56 (2%)

1/72 (1%)

3/29 (10%)

0.01 [0–0.07]

0.9 [0.74–0.96]

Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification

4/101 (4%)

3/56 (5%)

3/72 (4%)

1/29 (3%)

…

Hypoechoic liver lesions

2/101 (2%)

0/56 (0%)

0/72 (0%)

2/29 (7%)

0 [0–0.05]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present

9/101 (9%)

6/56 (11%)

8/72 (11%)

1/29 (3%)

0.11 [0.06–0.2]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Ascites present

6/101 (6%)

3/56 (5%)

4/72 (6%)

2/29 (7%)

0.06 [0.02–0.13]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Lung ultrasound

consolidations

Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present

84/101 (83%)

51/56 (91%)

60/72 (83%)

24/29 (83%)

0.83 [0.73–0.9]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm

single: 6/84 (7)
2–5: 35/84 (42)
> 5: 43/84 (51)

single: 2/56 (4)
2–5: 18/56 (32)
> 5: 31/56 (55)

single: 3/60 (5)
2–5: 24 24/60 (40)
> 5: 33/60 (55)

single: 3/24 (13)
2–5: 11/24 (46)
> 5: 10/24 (42)

…

>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm

36/101 (36%)

27/56 (48%)

28/72 (39%)

8/29 (28%)

0.39 [0.29–0.51]

0.72 [0.54–0.85]

Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present

54/101 (53%)

39/56 (70%)

41/72 (57%)

13/29 (45%)

0.57 [0.45–0.68]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?

87/101 (86%)

53/56 (95%)

63/72 (88%)

24/29 (83%)

0.88 [0.78–0.93]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

Any consolidation in the apical regions

42/101 (42%)

31/56 (55%)

33/72 (46%)

9/29 (31%)

0.46 [0.35–0.57]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions

35/101 (35%)

24/56 (43%)

26/72 (36%)

9/29 (31%)

0.36 [0.26–0.48]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions

15/101 (15%)

13/56 (23%)

14/72 (19%)

1/29 (3%)

0.19 [0.12–0.3]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Other LUS findings

Miliary pattern present

2/101 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

1/72 (1%)

1/29 (3%)

0.01 [0–0.07]

0.97 [0.83–1]

B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone

81/101 (80%)

47/56 (84%)

57/72 (79%)

24/29 (83%)

0.79 [0.68–0.87]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

LUS findings in at least … lung zones

SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone

84/101 (83%)

51/56 (91%)

60/72 (83%)

24/29 (83%)

0.83 [0.73–0.9]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

≥2 lung zones

72/101 (71%)

46/56 (82%)

54/72 (75%)

18/29 (62%)

0.75 [0.64–0.84]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

≥3 lung zones

61/101 (60%)

39/56 (70%)

44/72 (61%)

17/29 (59%)

0.61 [0.5–0.72]

0.41 [0.26–0.59]

≥4 lung zones

52/101 (51%)

34/56 (61%)

37/72 (51%)

15/29 (52%)

0.51 [0.4–0.63]

0.48 [0.31–0.66]

≥5 lung zones

39/101 (39%)

29/56 (52%)

30/72 (42%)

9/29 (31%)

0.42 [0.31–0.53]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

≥6 lung zones

22/101 (22%)

14/56 (25%)

14/72 (19%)

8/29 (28%)

0.19 [0.12–0.3]

0.72 [0.54–0.85]

≥7 lung zones

14/101 (14%)

9/56 (16%)

9/72 (12%)

5/29 (17%)

0.12 [0.07–0.22]

0.83 [0.65–0.92]

SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone

54/101 (53%)

39/56 (70%)

41/72 (57%)

13/29 (45%)

0.57 [0.45–0.68]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

≥2 lung zones

29/101 (29%)

25/56 (45%)

25/72 (35%)

4/29 (14%)

0.35 [0.25–0.46]

0.86 [0.69–0.95]

≥3 lung zones

20/101 (20%)

18/56 (32%)

18/72 (25%)

2/29 (7%)

0.25 [0.16–0.36]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

≥4 lung zones

12/101 (12%)

11/56 (20%)

11/72 (15%)

1/29 (3%)

0.15 [0.09–0.25]

0.97 [0.83–1]

B-lines in at least 1 lung zone

81/101 (80%)

47/56 (84%)

57/72 (79%)

24/29 (83%)

0.79 [0.68–0.87]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

≥2 lung zones

57/101 (56%)

35/56 (62%)

39/72 (54%)

18/29 (62%)

0.54 [0.43–0.65]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

≥3 lung zones

43/101 (43%)

28/56 (50%)

31/72 (43%)

12/29 (41%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.59 [0.41–0.74]

≥4 lung zones

29/101 (29%)

20/56 (36%)

20/72 (28%)

9/29 (31%)

0.28 [0.19–0.39]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

≥5 lung zones

19/101 (19%)

15/56 (27%)

15/72 (21%)

4/29 (14%)

0.21 [0.13–0.32]

0.86 [0.6–0.95]

≥6 lung zones

13/101 (13%)

9/56 (16%)

9/72 (12%)

4/29 (14%)

0.12 [0.07–0.22]

0.86 [0.69–0.95]

Combinations of FASH and LUS

FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm

69/101 (68%)

45/56 (80%)

51/72 (71%)

18/29 (62%)

0.71 [0.59–0.8]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm

84/101 (83%)

52/56 (93%)

61/72 (85%)

23/29 (79%)

0.85 [0.75–0.91]

0.21 [0.1–0.38]

Other targets

IMNs ≥0.5 cm present

18/101 (18%)

12/56 (21%)

15/72 (21%)

3/29 (10%)

0.21 [0.13–0.32]

0.9 [0.74–0.96]

Pleural laminar thickening

14/101 (14%)

10/56 (18%)

10/72 (14%)

4/29 (14%)

…

Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm

1/98 (1%)

0/55 (0%)

0/70 (0%)

1/28 (4%)

0 [0–0.05]

0.96 [0–82;1]

Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)

2/101 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

2/72 (3%)

0/29 (0%)

0.03 [0.01–0.1]

1 [0.88–1]

Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b

1/85 (1%)

1/44 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

0/29 (0%)

…

Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)

12/99 (12%)

4/55 (7%)

11/70 (16%)

1/29 (3%)

0.16 [0.09–0.26]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)	All Participants (n = 102)	PTB Cases (MRS Positive) (n = 57)	TB Cases (CRS Positive) (n = 73)	Unlikely TB (n = 29)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)
FASH
FASH_original^a	42/101 (42%)	25/56 (45%)	29/72 (40%)	13/29 (45%)	0.4 [0.3–0.52]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_ascites	44/101 (44%)	27/56 (48%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pericardium	44/101 (44%)	26/56 (46%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pleura600ml	22/101 (22%)	13/56 (23%)	16/72 (22%)	6/29 (21%)	0.22 [0.14–0.33]	0.79 [0.62–0.9]
Pleural effusion present, any	32/101 (32%)	19/56 (34%)	21/72 (29%)	11/29 (38%)	0.29 [0.2–0.41]	0.62 [0.44–0.77]
Pleural effusion estimated volume	346 [247–542] (N = 32)	350 [250–596] (N = 19)	350 [252–595] (N = 21)	308 [149–430] (N = 11)	…	…
Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm	5/101 (5%)	2/56 (4%)	3/72 (4%)	2/29 (7%)	0.04 [0.01–0.12]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present	4/101 (4%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	3/29 (10%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification	4/101 (4%)	3/56 (5%)	3/72 (4%)	1/29 (3%)	…	…
Hypoechoic liver lesions	2/101 (2%)	0/56 (0%)	0/72 (0%)	2/29 (7%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present	9/101 (9%)	6/56 (11%)	8/72 (11%)	1/29 (3%)	0.11 [0.06–0.2]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Ascites present	6/101 (6%)	3/56 (5%)	4/72 (6%)	2/29 (7%)	0.06 [0.02–0.13]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Lung ultrasound
consolidations
Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm	single: 6/84 (7) 2–5: 35/84 (42) > 5: 43/84 (51)	single: 2/56 (4) 2–5: 18/56 (32) > 5: 31/56 (55)	single: 3/60 (5) 2–5: 24 24/60 (40) > 5: 33/60 (55)	single: 3/24 (13) 2–5: 11/24 (46) > 5: 10/24 (42)	…	…
>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm	36/101 (36%)	27/56 (48%)	28/72 (39%)	8/29 (28%)	0.39 [0.29–0.51]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?	87/101 (86%)	53/56 (95%)	63/72 (88%)	24/29 (83%)	0.88 [0.78–0.93]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Any consolidation in the apical regions	42/101 (42%)	31/56 (55%)	33/72 (46%)	9/29 (31%)	0.46 [0.35–0.57]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions	35/101 (35%)	24/56 (43%)	26/72 (36%)	9/29 (31%)	0.36 [0.26–0.48]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions	15/101 (15%)	13/56 (23%)	14/72 (19%)	1/29 (3%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Other LUS findings
Miliary pattern present	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	1/29 (3%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
LUS findings in at least … lung zones
SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	72/101 (71%)	46/56 (82%)	54/72 (75%)	18/29 (62%)	0.75 [0.64–0.84]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	61/101 (60%)	39/56 (70%)	44/72 (61%)	17/29 (59%)	0.61 [0.5–0.72]	0.41 [0.26–0.59]
≥4 lung zones	52/101 (51%)	34/56 (61%)	37/72 (51%)	15/29 (52%)	0.51 [0.4–0.63]	0.48 [0.31–0.66]
≥5 lung zones	39/101 (39%)	29/56 (52%)	30/72 (42%)	9/29 (31%)	0.42 [0.31–0.53]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥6 lung zones	22/101 (22%)	14/56 (25%)	14/72 (19%)	8/29 (28%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
≥7 lung zones	14/101 (14%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	5/29 (17%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.83 [0.65–0.92]
SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
≥2 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	25/56 (45%)	25/72 (35%)	4/29 (14%)	0.35 [0.25–0.46]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
≥3 lung zones	20/101 (20%)	18/56 (32%)	18/72 (25%)	2/29 (7%)	0.25 [0.16–0.36]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
≥4 lung zones	12/101 (12%)	11/56 (20%)	11/72 (15%)	1/29 (3%)	0.15 [0.09–0.25]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	57/101 (56%)	35/56 (62%)	39/72 (54%)	18/29 (62%)	0.54 [0.43–0.65]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	43/101 (43%)	28/56 (50%)	31/72 (43%)	12/29 (41%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.59 [0.41–0.74]
≥4 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	20/56 (36%)	20/72 (28%)	9/29 (31%)	0.28 [0.19–0.39]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥5 lung zones	19/101 (19%)	15/56 (27%)	15/72 (21%)	4/29 (14%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.86 [0.6–0.95]
≥6 lung zones	13/101 (13%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	4/29 (14%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
Combinations of FASH and LUS
FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm	69/101 (68%)	45/56 (80%)	51/72 (71%)	18/29 (62%)	0.71 [0.59–0.8]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm	84/101 (83%)	52/56 (93%)	61/72 (85%)	23/29 (79%)	0.85 [0.75–0.91]	0.21 [0.1–0.38]
Other targets
IMNs ≥0.5 cm present	18/101 (18%)	12/56 (21%)	15/72 (21%)	3/29 (10%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Pleural laminar thickening	14/101 (14%)	10/56 (18%)	10/72 (14%)	4/29 (14%)	…	…
Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm	1/98 (1%)	0/55 (0%)	0/70 (0%)	1/28 (4%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.96 [0–82;1]
Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	2/72 (3%)	0/29 (0%)	0.03 [0.01–0.1]	1 [0.88–1]
Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b	1/85 (1%)	1/44 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	0/29 (0%)	…	…
Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)	12/99 (12%)	4/55 (7%)	11/70 (16%)	1/29 (3%)	0.16 [0.09–0.26]	0.97 [0.83–1]

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)

All Participants (n = 102)

PTB Cases
(MRS Positive)
(n = 57)

TB Cases
(CRS Positive) (n = 73)

Unlikely TB (n = 29)

Sensitivity (95% CI)

Specificity (95% CI)

FASH

FASH_original^a

42/101 (42%)

25/56 (45%)

29/72 (40%)

13/29 (45%)

0.4 [0.3–0.52]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_ascites

44/101 (44%)

27/56 (48%)

31/72 (43%)

13/29 (45%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_pericardium

44/101 (44%)

26/56 (46%)

31/72 (43%)

13/29 (45%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

FASH_pleura600ml

22/101 (22%)

13/56 (23%)

16/72 (22%)

6/29 (21%)

0.22 [0.14–0.33]

0.79 [0.62–0.9]

Pleural effusion present, any

32/101 (32%)

19/56 (34%)

21/72 (29%)

11/29 (38%)

0.29 [0.2–0.41]

0.62 [0.44–0.77]

Pleural effusion estimated volume

346 [247–542] (N = 32)

350 [250–596] (N = 19)

350 [252–595] (N = 21)

308 [149–430] (N = 11)

…

Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm

5/101 (5%)

2/56 (4%)

3/72 (4%)

2/29 (7%)

0.04 [0.01–0.12]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present

4/101 (4%)

1/56 (2%)

1/72 (1%)

3/29 (10%)

0.01 [0–0.07]

0.9 [0.74–0.96]

Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification

4/101 (4%)

3/56 (5%)

3/72 (4%)

1/29 (3%)

…

Hypoechoic liver lesions

2/101 (2%)

0/56 (0%)

0/72 (0%)

2/29 (7%)

0 [0–0.05]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present

9/101 (9%)

6/56 (11%)

8/72 (11%)

1/29 (3%)

0.11 [0.06–0.2]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Ascites present

6/101 (6%)

3/56 (5%)

4/72 (6%)

2/29 (7%)

0.06 [0.02–0.13]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

Lung ultrasound

consolidations

Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present

84/101 (83%)

51/56 (91%)

60/72 (83%)

24/29 (83%)

0.83 [0.73–0.9]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm

single: 6/84 (7)
2–5: 35/84 (42)
> 5: 43/84 (51)

single: 2/56 (4)
2–5: 18/56 (32)
> 5: 31/56 (55)

single: 3/60 (5)
2–5: 24 24/60 (40)
> 5: 33/60 (55)

single: 3/24 (13)
2–5: 11/24 (46)
> 5: 10/24 (42)

…

>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm

36/101 (36%)

27/56 (48%)

28/72 (39%)

8/29 (28%)

0.39 [0.29–0.51]

0.72 [0.54–0.85]

Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present

54/101 (53%)

39/56 (70%)

41/72 (57%)

13/29 (45%)

0.57 [0.45–0.68]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?

87/101 (86%)

53/56 (95%)

63/72 (88%)

24/29 (83%)

0.88 [0.78–0.93]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

Any consolidation in the apical regions

42/101 (42%)

31/56 (55%)

33/72 (46%)

9/29 (31%)

0.46 [0.35–0.57]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions

35/101 (35%)

24/56 (43%)

26/72 (36%)

9/29 (31%)

0.36 [0.26–0.48]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions

15/101 (15%)

13/56 (23%)

14/72 (19%)

1/29 (3%)

0.19 [0.12–0.3]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Other LUS findings

Miliary pattern present

2/101 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

1/72 (1%)

1/29 (3%)

0.01 [0–0.07]

0.97 [0.83–1]

B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone

81/101 (80%)

47/56 (84%)

57/72 (79%)

24/29 (83%)

0.79 [0.68–0.87]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

LUS findings in at least … lung zones

SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone

84/101 (83%)

51/56 (91%)

60/72 (83%)

24/29 (83%)

0.83 [0.73–0.9]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

≥2 lung zones

72/101 (71%)

46/56 (82%)

54/72 (75%)

18/29 (62%)

0.75 [0.64–0.84]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

≥3 lung zones

61/101 (60%)

39/56 (70%)

44/72 (61%)

17/29 (59%)

0.61 [0.5–0.72]

0.41 [0.26–0.59]

≥4 lung zones

52/101 (51%)

34/56 (61%)

37/72 (51%)

15/29 (52%)

0.51 [0.4–0.63]

0.48 [0.31–0.66]

≥5 lung zones

39/101 (39%)

29/56 (52%)

30/72 (42%)

9/29 (31%)

0.42 [0.31–0.53]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

≥6 lung zones

22/101 (22%)

14/56 (25%)

14/72 (19%)

8/29 (28%)

0.19 [0.12–0.3]

0.72 [0.54–0.85]

≥7 lung zones

14/101 (14%)

9/56 (16%)

9/72 (12%)

5/29 (17%)

0.12 [0.07–0.22]

0.83 [0.65–0.92]

SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone

54/101 (53%)

39/56 (70%)

41/72 (57%)

13/29 (45%)

0.57 [0.45–0.68]

0.55 [0.38–0.72]

≥2 lung zones

29/101 (29%)

25/56 (45%)

25/72 (35%)

4/29 (14%)

0.35 [0.25–0.46]

0.86 [0.69–0.95]

≥3 lung zones

20/101 (20%)

18/56 (32%)

18/72 (25%)

2/29 (7%)

0.25 [0.16–0.36]

0.93 [0.78–0.98]

≥4 lung zones

12/101 (12%)

11/56 (20%)

11/72 (15%)

1/29 (3%)

0.15 [0.09–0.25]

0.97 [0.83–1]

B-lines in at least 1 lung zone

81/101 (80%)

47/56 (84%)

57/72 (79%)

24/29 (83%)

0.79 [0.68–0.87]

0.17 [0.08–0.35]

≥2 lung zones

57/101 (56%)

35/56 (62%)

39/72 (54%)

18/29 (62%)

0.54 [0.43–0.65]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

≥3 lung zones

43/101 (43%)

28/56 (50%)

31/72 (43%)

12/29 (41%)

0.43 [0.32–0.55]

0.59 [0.41–0.74]

≥4 lung zones

29/101 (29%)

20/56 (36%)

20/72 (28%)

9/29 (31%)

0.28 [0.19–0.39]

0.69 [0.51–0.83]

≥5 lung zones

19/101 (19%)

15/56 (27%)

15/72 (21%)

4/29 (14%)

0.21 [0.13–0.32]

0.86 [0.6–0.95]

≥6 lung zones

13/101 (13%)

9/56 (16%)

9/72 (12%)

4/29 (14%)

0.12 [0.07–0.22]

0.86 [0.69–0.95]

Combinations of FASH and LUS

FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm

69/101 (68%)

45/56 (80%)

51/72 (71%)

18/29 (62%)

0.71 [0.59–0.8]

0.38 [0.23–0.56]

FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm

84/101 (83%)

52/56 (93%)

61/72 (85%)

23/29 (79%)

0.85 [0.75–0.91]

0.21 [0.1–0.38]

Other targets

IMNs ≥0.5 cm present

18/101 (18%)

12/56 (21%)

15/72 (21%)

3/29 (10%)

0.21 [0.13–0.32]

0.9 [0.74–0.96]

Pleural laminar thickening

14/101 (14%)

10/56 (18%)

10/72 (14%)

4/29 (14%)

…

Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm

1/98 (1%)

0/55 (0%)

0/70 (0%)

1/28 (4%)

0 [0–0.05]

0.96 [0–82;1]

Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)

2/101 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

2/72 (3%)

0/29 (0%)

0.03 [0.01–0.1]

1 [0.88–1]

Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b

1/85 (1%)

1/44 (2%)

1/56 (2%)

0/29 (0%)

…

Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)

12/99 (12%)

4/55 (7%)

11/70 (16%)

1/29 (3%)

0.16 [0.09–0.26]

0.97 [0.83–1]

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Abdominal and Lung Ultrasound Findings and Variations

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)	All Participants (n = 102)	PTB Cases (MRS Positive) (n = 57)	TB Cases (CRS Positive) (n = 73)	Unlikely TB (n = 29)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)
FASH
FASH_original^a	42/101 (42%)	25/56 (45%)	29/72 (40%)	13/29 (45%)	0.4 [0.3–0.52]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_ascites	44/101 (44%)	27/56 (48%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pericardium	44/101 (44%)	26/56 (46%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pleura600ml	22/101 (22%)	13/56 (23%)	16/72 (22%)	6/29 (21%)	0.22 [0.14–0.33]	0.79 [0.62–0.9]
Pleural effusion present, any	32/101 (32%)	19/56 (34%)	21/72 (29%)	11/29 (38%)	0.29 [0.2–0.41]	0.62 [0.44–0.77]
Pleural effusion estimated volume	346 [247–542] (N = 32)	350 [250–596] (N = 19)	350 [252–595] (N = 21)	308 [149–430] (N = 11)	…	…
Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm	5/101 (5%)	2/56 (4%)	3/72 (4%)	2/29 (7%)	0.04 [0.01–0.12]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present	4/101 (4%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	3/29 (10%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification	4/101 (4%)	3/56 (5%)	3/72 (4%)	1/29 (3%)	…	…
Hypoechoic liver lesions	2/101 (2%)	0/56 (0%)	0/72 (0%)	2/29 (7%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present	9/101 (9%)	6/56 (11%)	8/72 (11%)	1/29 (3%)	0.11 [0.06–0.2]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Ascites present	6/101 (6%)	3/56 (5%)	4/72 (6%)	2/29 (7%)	0.06 [0.02–0.13]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Lung ultrasound
consolidations
Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm	single: 6/84 (7) 2–5: 35/84 (42) > 5: 43/84 (51)	single: 2/56 (4) 2–5: 18/56 (32) > 5: 31/56 (55)	single: 3/60 (5) 2–5: 24 24/60 (40) > 5: 33/60 (55)	single: 3/24 (13) 2–5: 11/24 (46) > 5: 10/24 (42)	…	…
>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm	36/101 (36%)	27/56 (48%)	28/72 (39%)	8/29 (28%)	0.39 [0.29–0.51]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?	87/101 (86%)	53/56 (95%)	63/72 (88%)	24/29 (83%)	0.88 [0.78–0.93]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Any consolidation in the apical regions	42/101 (42%)	31/56 (55%)	33/72 (46%)	9/29 (31%)	0.46 [0.35–0.57]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions	35/101 (35%)	24/56 (43%)	26/72 (36%)	9/29 (31%)	0.36 [0.26–0.48]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions	15/101 (15%)	13/56 (23%)	14/72 (19%)	1/29 (3%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Other LUS findings
Miliary pattern present	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	1/29 (3%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
LUS findings in at least … lung zones
SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	72/101 (71%)	46/56 (82%)	54/72 (75%)	18/29 (62%)	0.75 [0.64–0.84]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	61/101 (60%)	39/56 (70%)	44/72 (61%)	17/29 (59%)	0.61 [0.5–0.72]	0.41 [0.26–0.59]
≥4 lung zones	52/101 (51%)	34/56 (61%)	37/72 (51%)	15/29 (52%)	0.51 [0.4–0.63]	0.48 [0.31–0.66]
≥5 lung zones	39/101 (39%)	29/56 (52%)	30/72 (42%)	9/29 (31%)	0.42 [0.31–0.53]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥6 lung zones	22/101 (22%)	14/56 (25%)	14/72 (19%)	8/29 (28%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
≥7 lung zones	14/101 (14%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	5/29 (17%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.83 [0.65–0.92]
SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
≥2 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	25/56 (45%)	25/72 (35%)	4/29 (14%)	0.35 [0.25–0.46]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
≥3 lung zones	20/101 (20%)	18/56 (32%)	18/72 (25%)	2/29 (7%)	0.25 [0.16–0.36]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
≥4 lung zones	12/101 (12%)	11/56 (20%)	11/72 (15%)	1/29 (3%)	0.15 [0.09–0.25]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	57/101 (56%)	35/56 (62%)	39/72 (54%)	18/29 (62%)	0.54 [0.43–0.65]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	43/101 (43%)	28/56 (50%)	31/72 (43%)	12/29 (41%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.59 [0.41–0.74]
≥4 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	20/56 (36%)	20/72 (28%)	9/29 (31%)	0.28 [0.19–0.39]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥5 lung zones	19/101 (19%)	15/56 (27%)	15/72 (21%)	4/29 (14%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.86 [0.6–0.95]
≥6 lung zones	13/101 (13%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	4/29 (14%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
Combinations of FASH and LUS
FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm	69/101 (68%)	45/56 (80%)	51/72 (71%)	18/29 (62%)	0.71 [0.59–0.8]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm	84/101 (83%)	52/56 (93%)	61/72 (85%)	23/29 (79%)	0.85 [0.75–0.91]	0.21 [0.1–0.38]
Other targets
IMNs ≥0.5 cm present	18/101 (18%)	12/56 (21%)	15/72 (21%)	3/29 (10%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Pleural laminar thickening	14/101 (14%)	10/56 (18%)	10/72 (14%)	4/29 (14%)	…	…
Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm	1/98 (1%)	0/55 (0%)	0/70 (0%)	1/28 (4%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.96 [0–82;1]
Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	2/72 (3%)	0/29 (0%)	0.03 [0.01–0.1]	1 [0.88–1]
Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b	1/85 (1%)	1/44 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	0/29 (0%)	…	…
Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)	12/99 (12%)	4/55 (7%)	11/70 (16%)	1/29 (3%)	0.16 [0.09–0.26]	0.97 [0.83–1]

Variables in N, Median, IQR, (%)	All Participants (n = 102)	PTB Cases (MRS Positive) (n = 57)	TB Cases (CRS Positive) (n = 73)	Unlikely TB (n = 29)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)
FASH
FASH_original^a	42/101 (42%)	25/56 (45%)	29/72 (40%)	13/29 (45%)	0.4 [0.3–0.52]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_ascites	44/101 (44%)	27/56 (48%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pericardium	44/101 (44%)	26/56 (46%)	31/72 (43%)	13/29 (45%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
FASH_pleura600ml	22/101 (22%)	13/56 (23%)	16/72 (22%)	6/29 (21%)	0.22 [0.14–0.33]	0.79 [0.62–0.9]
Pleural effusion present, any	32/101 (32%)	19/56 (34%)	21/72 (29%)	11/29 (38%)	0.29 [0.2–0.41]	0.62 [0.44–0.77]
Pleural effusion estimated volume	346 [247–542] (N = 32)	350 [250–596] (N = 19)	350 [252–595] (N = 21)	308 [149–430] (N = 11)	…	…
Pericardial effusion ≥10 mm	5/101 (5%)	2/56 (4%)	3/72 (4%)	2/29 (7%)	0.04 [0.01–0.12]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Hypoechoic spleen lesions <1.5 cm present	4/101 (4%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	3/29 (10%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Hyperechoic spleen lesions present with or without calcification	4/101 (4%)	3/56 (5%)	3/72 (4%)	1/29 (3%)	…	…
Hypoechoic liver lesions	2/101 (2%)	0/56 (0%)	0/72 (0%)	2/29 (7%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Abdominal lymph nodes ≥1.5 cm present	9/101 (9%)	6/56 (11%)	8/72 (11%)	1/29 (3%)	0.11 [0.06–0.2]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Ascites present	6/101 (6%)	3/56 (5%)	4/72 (6%)	2/29 (7%)	0.06 [0.02–0.13]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
Lung ultrasound
consolidations
Subpleural consolidations (SPC) < 1 cm present	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Number of subpleural consolidations <1 cm	single: 6/84 (7) 2–5: 35/84 (42) > 5: 43/84 (51)	single: 2/56 (4) 2–5: 18/56 (32) > 5: 31/56 (55)	single: 3/60 (5) 2–5: 24 24/60 (40) > 5: 33/60 (55)	single: 3/24 (13) 2–5: 11/24 (46) > 5: 10/24 (42)	…	…
>5 SPCs <1 cm with at least one ≥5 mm	36/101 (36%)	27/56 (48%)	28/72 (39%)	8/29 (28%)	0.39 [0.29–0.51]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
Subpleural consolidations ≥1 cm present	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
Any subpleural consolidation present, regardless of size?	87/101 (86%)	53/56 (95%)	63/72 (88%)	24/29 (83%)	0.88 [0.78–0.93]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
Any consolidation in the apical regions	42/101 (42%)	31/56 (55%)	33/72 (46%)	9/29 (31%)	0.46 [0.35–0.57]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations <1 cm in the apical regions	35/101 (35%)	24/56 (43%)	26/72 (36%)	9/29 (31%)	0.36 [0.26–0.48]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
Any consolidations ≥1 cm in the apical regions	15/101 (15%)	13/56 (23%)	14/72 (19%)	1/29 (3%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.97 [0.83–1]
Other LUS findings
Miliary pattern present	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	1/72 (1%)	1/29 (3%)	0.01 [0–0.07]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines (>2) in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
LUS findings in at least … lung zones
SPC _{< 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	84/101 (83%)	51/56 (91%)	60/72 (83%)	24/29 (83%)	0.83 [0.73–0.9]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	72/101 (71%)	46/56 (82%)	54/72 (75%)	18/29 (62%)	0.75 [0.64–0.84]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	61/101 (60%)	39/56 (70%)	44/72 (61%)	17/29 (59%)	0.61 [0.5–0.72]	0.41 [0.26–0.59]
≥4 lung zones	52/101 (51%)	34/56 (61%)	37/72 (51%)	15/29 (52%)	0.51 [0.4–0.63]	0.48 [0.31–0.66]
≥5 lung zones	39/101 (39%)	29/56 (52%)	30/72 (42%)	9/29 (31%)	0.42 [0.31–0.53]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥6 lung zones	22/101 (22%)	14/56 (25%)	14/72 (19%)	8/29 (28%)	0.19 [0.12–0.3]	0.72 [0.54–0.85]
≥7 lung zones	14/101 (14%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	5/29 (17%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.83 [0.65–0.92]
SPC _{≥ 1cm} in at least 1 lung zone	54/101 (53%)	39/56 (70%)	41/72 (57%)	13/29 (45%)	0.57 [0.45–0.68]	0.55 [0.38–0.72]
≥2 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	25/56 (45%)	25/72 (35%)	4/29 (14%)	0.35 [0.25–0.46]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
≥3 lung zones	20/101 (20%)	18/56 (32%)	18/72 (25%)	2/29 (7%)	0.25 [0.16–0.36]	0.93 [0.78–0.98]
≥4 lung zones	12/101 (12%)	11/56 (20%)	11/72 (15%)	1/29 (3%)	0.15 [0.09–0.25]	0.97 [0.83–1]
B-lines in at least 1 lung zone	81/101 (80%)	47/56 (84%)	57/72 (79%)	24/29 (83%)	0.79 [0.68–0.87]	0.17 [0.08–0.35]
≥2 lung zones	57/101 (56%)	35/56 (62%)	39/72 (54%)	18/29 (62%)	0.54 [0.43–0.65]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
≥3 lung zones	43/101 (43%)	28/56 (50%)	31/72 (43%)	12/29 (41%)	0.43 [0.32–0.55]	0.59 [0.41–0.74]
≥4 lung zones	29/101 (29%)	20/56 (36%)	20/72 (28%)	9/29 (31%)	0.28 [0.19–0.39]	0.69 [0.51–0.83]
≥5 lung zones	19/101 (19%)	15/56 (27%)	15/72 (21%)	4/29 (14%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.86 [0.6–0.95]
≥6 lung zones	13/101 (13%)	9/56 (16%)	9/72 (12%)	4/29 (14%)	0.12 [0.07–0.22]	0.86 [0.69–0.95]
Combinations of FASH and LUS
FASH or SPC ≥ 1 cm	69/101 (68%)	45/56 (80%)	51/72 (71%)	18/29 (62%)	0.71 [0.59–0.8]	0.38 [0.23–0.56]
FASH or SPC ≥ 5 mm	84/101 (83%)	52/56 (93%)	61/72 (85%)	23/29 (79%)	0.85 [0.75–0.91]	0.21 [0.1–0.38]
Other targets
IMNs ≥0.5 cm present	18/101 (18%)	12/56 (21%)	15/72 (21%)	3/29 (10%)	0.21 [0.13–0.32]	0.9 [0.74–0.96]
Pleural laminar thickening	14/101 (14%)	10/56 (18%)	10/72 (14%)	4/29 (14%)	…	…
Intestinal thickening in the right lower quadrant >4 mm	1/98 (1%)	0/55 (0%)	0/70 (0%)	1/28 (4%)	0 [0–0.05]	0.96 [0–82;1]
Any peritoneal thickening (parietal, visceral, omental)	2/101 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	2/72 (3%)	0/29 (0%)	0.03 [0.01–0.1]	1 [0.88–1]
Mediastinal lymph nodes seen from suprasternal view^b	1/85 (1%)	1/44 (2%)	1/56 (2%)	0/29 (0%)	…	…
Peripheral lymph nodes present (only if clinical suspicion)	12/99 (12%)	4/55 (7%)	11/70 (16%)	1/29 (3%)	0.16 [0.09–0.26]	0.97 [0.83–1]

Denominators provided for all individuals with available data for each line.

Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CRS, composite reference standard; eMRS, extended MRS; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; FASH, focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis; IQR, interquartile range; IMN, internal mammary lymph node; LUS, lung ultrasound; MRS, microbiological reference standard; SPC, subpleural consolidation; TB, tuberculosis.

^aIn n = 31 cases of EPTB, FASH_original had a sensitivity of 12/31 (39%).

^bParasternal only negative.

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