Table 3 Open in new tab Estimated mean...

	Baseline	Rate of decline from baseline to 6-year FU	Rate of decline from baseline to 12-year FU	Rate of decline from baseline to 25-year FU	Overall VL by time^a
Verbal memory (n = 1813)	0.44	−10.93 to 11.81	−7.31	−22.40 to 7.77	−5.36	−27.89 to 17.17	1.98	−12.43 to 16.38	2.21	.529
Information processing speed (n = 1813)	−0.57	−2.63 to 1.50	−1.77	−3.82 to 0.28	−4.86^*	−7.88 to −1.85	2.28	−2.19 to 6.75	21.12^*	<.001
Executive function (n = 1800)	0.07	−4.70 to 4.84	−0.33	−6.09 to 5.43	1.37	−5.95 to 8.69	−10.28	−25.78 to 5.21	1.94	.585

	Baseline	Rate of decline from baseline to 6-year FU	Rate of decline from baseline to 12-year FU	Rate of decline from baseline to 25-year FU	Overall VL by time^a
Verbal memory (n = 1813)	0.44	−10.93 to 11.81	−7.31	−22.40 to 7.77	−5.36	−27.89 to 17.17	1.98	−12.43 to 16.38	2.21	.529
Information processing speed (n = 1813)	−0.57	−2.63 to 1.50	−1.77	−3.82 to 0.28	−4.86^*	−7.88 to −1.85	2.28	−2.19 to 6.75	21.12^*	<.001
Executive function (n = 1800)	0.07	−4.70 to 4.84	−0.33	−6.09 to 5.43	1.37	−5.95 to 8.69	−10.28	−25.78 to 5.21	1.94	.585

Table 3

Estimated mean difference in baseline cognitive function and change over time in participants with baseline visual loss and those without

	Baseline	Rate of decline from baseline to 6-year FU			Rate of decline from baseline to 12-year FU		Rate of decline from baseline to 25-year FU		Overall VL by time^a
Parameter	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	χ²	P value
Verbal memory (n = 1813)	0.44	−10.93 to 11.81	−7.31	−22.40 to 7.77	−5.36	−27.89 to 17.17	1.98	−12.43 to 16.38	2.21	.529
Information processing speed (n = 1813)	−0.57	−2.63 to 1.50	−1.77	−3.82 to 0.28	−4.86^*	−7.88 to −1.85	2.28	−2.19 to 6.75	21.12^*	<.001
Executive function (n = 1800)	0.07	−4.70 to 4.84	−0.33	−6.09 to 5.43	1.37	−5.95 to 8.69	−10.28	−25.78 to 5.21	1.94	.585

	Baseline	Rate of decline from baseline to 6-year FU			Rate of decline from baseline to 12-year FU		Rate of decline from baseline to 25-year FU		Overall VL by time^a
Parameter	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	Difference	95% CI	χ²	P value
Verbal memory (n = 1813)	0.44	−10.93 to 11.81	−7.31	−22.40 to 7.77	−5.36	−27.89 to 17.17	1.98	−12.43 to 16.38	2.21	.529
Information processing speed (n = 1813)	−0.57	−2.63 to 1.50	−1.77	−3.82 to 0.28	−4.86^*	−7.88 to −1.85	2.28	−2.19 to 6.75	21.12^*	<.001
Executive function (n = 1800)	0.07	−4.70 to 4.84	−0.33	−6.09 to 5.43	1.37	−5.95 to 8.69	−10.28	−25.78 to 5.21	1.94	.585

Model: VL, time, VL by time, sex, age, age², educational level, LIBRA, LIBRA by time.

Abbreviations: VL, visual loss; CI, confidence interval; LIBRA, LIfestyle for BRAin health index; FU, follow-up.

^aχ², 3 degrees of freedom, of interaction between VL (dichotomous) and time (baseline, 6-year, 12-year, 25-year).

^*P value <.05.