| Country . | Number of pilgrims . | Duration/season . | Significance . | Health risks reported . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vatican | >5 million visiting the museums in 2022 | Throughout the year | Burial site of Saint Peter | 95 000 medical procedures reported in 2019 but no diagnosis published11 |
| Marian Shrine of Lourdes, France | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian (Mary) apparition appeared to a peasant girl | Norovirus outbreaks 2002 and 2008 including secondary cases and deaths12–14 |
| Sanctuary of Fatima, Portugal | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian Shrine. 3 successive apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary | Physical and psychological fatigue, accidents, musculoskeletal injuries15 |
| Marian Shrine of Jasna Gora, Poland | 4.4 million | Throughout the year | Icon of the Black Madonna housed in monastery | |
| Shrine of Divine Mercy, Poland | 2 million | Throughout the year | Shrine of Saint Faustina | |
| Shrine of Saint James in Santiago de Compostela, Spain | 350 000 covering distances from 300 km to 800 km | Throughout the year | Reputed burial place of Saint James | Acute coronary syndrome, road traffic accidents of cyclists, exhaustion, stroke, drowning16,17 |
| Medjugorje, Bosnia-Herzegovina | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Solar apparitions, Apparition of Virgin Mary | Maculopathy due to solar gazing18 |
| Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Israel | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial | Jerusalem syndrome (obsessive religious thoughts)19 |
| Divine Mercy Shrine, Philippines | 500 000 | Throughout the year | Houses 50-foot Jesus Christ statue | |
| Velankanni, India | 20 million | Throughout year, 3 million during week-long festival | Marian apparition |
| Country . | Number of pilgrims . | Duration/season . | Significance . | Health risks reported . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vatican | >5 million visiting the museums in 2022 | Throughout the year | Burial site of Saint Peter | 95 000 medical procedures reported in 2019 but no diagnosis published11 |
| Marian Shrine of Lourdes, France | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian (Mary) apparition appeared to a peasant girl | Norovirus outbreaks 2002 and 2008 including secondary cases and deaths12–14 |
| Sanctuary of Fatima, Portugal | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian Shrine. 3 successive apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary | Physical and psychological fatigue, accidents, musculoskeletal injuries15 |
| Marian Shrine of Jasna Gora, Poland | 4.4 million | Throughout the year | Icon of the Black Madonna housed in monastery | |
| Shrine of Divine Mercy, Poland | 2 million | Throughout the year | Shrine of Saint Faustina | |
| Shrine of Saint James in Santiago de Compostela, Spain | 350 000 covering distances from 300 km to 800 km | Throughout the year | Reputed burial place of Saint James | Acute coronary syndrome, road traffic accidents of cyclists, exhaustion, stroke, drowning16,17 |
| Medjugorje, Bosnia-Herzegovina | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Solar apparitions, Apparition of Virgin Mary | Maculopathy due to solar gazing18 |
| Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Israel | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial | Jerusalem syndrome (obsessive religious thoughts)19 |
| Divine Mercy Shrine, Philippines | 500 000 | Throughout the year | Houses 50-foot Jesus Christ statue | |
| Velankanni, India | 20 million | Throughout year, 3 million during week-long festival | Marian apparition |
| Country . | Number of pilgrims . | Duration/season . | Significance . | Health risks reported . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vatican | >5 million visiting the museums in 2022 | Throughout the year | Burial site of Saint Peter | 95 000 medical procedures reported in 2019 but no diagnosis published11 |
| Marian Shrine of Lourdes, France | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian (Mary) apparition appeared to a peasant girl | Norovirus outbreaks 2002 and 2008 including secondary cases and deaths12–14 |
| Sanctuary of Fatima, Portugal | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian Shrine. 3 successive apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary | Physical and psychological fatigue, accidents, musculoskeletal injuries15 |
| Marian Shrine of Jasna Gora, Poland | 4.4 million | Throughout the year | Icon of the Black Madonna housed in monastery | |
| Shrine of Divine Mercy, Poland | 2 million | Throughout the year | Shrine of Saint Faustina | |
| Shrine of Saint James in Santiago de Compostela, Spain | 350 000 covering distances from 300 km to 800 km | Throughout the year | Reputed burial place of Saint James | Acute coronary syndrome, road traffic accidents of cyclists, exhaustion, stroke, drowning16,17 |
| Medjugorje, Bosnia-Herzegovina | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Solar apparitions, Apparition of Virgin Mary | Maculopathy due to solar gazing18 |
| Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Israel | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial | Jerusalem syndrome (obsessive religious thoughts)19 |
| Divine Mercy Shrine, Philippines | 500 000 | Throughout the year | Houses 50-foot Jesus Christ statue | |
| Velankanni, India | 20 million | Throughout year, 3 million during week-long festival | Marian apparition |
| Country . | Number of pilgrims . | Duration/season . | Significance . | Health risks reported . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vatican | >5 million visiting the museums in 2022 | Throughout the year | Burial site of Saint Peter | 95 000 medical procedures reported in 2019 but no diagnosis published11 |
| Marian Shrine of Lourdes, France | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian (Mary) apparition appeared to a peasant girl | Norovirus outbreaks 2002 and 2008 including secondary cases and deaths12–14 |
| Sanctuary of Fatima, Portugal | 5 million visitors | Throughout the year | Marian Shrine. 3 successive apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary | Physical and psychological fatigue, accidents, musculoskeletal injuries15 |
| Marian Shrine of Jasna Gora, Poland | 4.4 million | Throughout the year | Icon of the Black Madonna housed in monastery | |
| Shrine of Divine Mercy, Poland | 2 million | Throughout the year | Shrine of Saint Faustina | |
| Shrine of Saint James in Santiago de Compostela, Spain | 350 000 covering distances from 300 km to 800 km | Throughout the year | Reputed burial place of Saint James | Acute coronary syndrome, road traffic accidents of cyclists, exhaustion, stroke, drowning16,17 |
| Medjugorje, Bosnia-Herzegovina | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Solar apparitions, Apparition of Virgin Mary | Maculopathy due to solar gazing18 |
| Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Israel | More than 1 million | Throughout the year | Site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial | Jerusalem syndrome (obsessive religious thoughts)19 |
| Divine Mercy Shrine, Philippines | 500 000 | Throughout the year | Houses 50-foot Jesus Christ statue | |
| Velankanni, India | 20 million | Throughout year, 3 million during week-long festival | Marian apparition |
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