Table 2. Open in new tab Diagnostic...

Diagnostic Method

No. of Cases Utilizing Method

Additional Details

CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA

14 [4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 28, 29]

…

Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing elimination of viral DNA after antivirals

1 [3]

…

CSF RT-PCR for HHV-6 DNA

1 [27]

…

Quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA

110 000 copies/mL [12]
7200 copies/mL [30]
16 189 copies/mL [19]
>999 999 copies/mL [22]
2959.5 copies/mL [18]
395 copies/mL [31]

Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing reduction in HHV-6 DNA copy count after antivirals

30 000 copies/mL day 3 of antiviral treatment, 4400 copies/mL day 31 of antiviral treatment [15]

Multiplex CSF PCR, including Argene Biosoft, BioFore, & New York Encephalitis Panel: total

…

Multiplex: Quantitative Herpes Consensus CSF PCR (Argene Biosoft)

18 600 copies/mL [11]
9993 copies/mL [11]
38 000 copies/mL [11]
Copy number not specified [8]

Syndromic encephalitis/meningitis CSF PCR panel (BioFire)

3 [24, 25]

Includes the case described in case report component of this report

New York State Encephalitis Panel followed by quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA

6200 copies/mL [20]

Brain biopsy and brain tissue PCR for HHV-6 DNA

HHV-6 early protein antigen in oligodendrocytes [3]
HHV-6 antigen in glial cells and neurons + perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates & CSF PCR positive for HHV-6 DNA [10]

No PCR performed; diagnosis made on MRI findings & elevated serum HHV-6 IgG

1 [13]

…

Table 2.

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Diagnostic Methods for HHV-6 Encephalitis in Immunocompetent Adults

Diagnostic Method	No. of Cases Utilizing Method	Additional Details
CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	14 [4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 28, 29]	…
Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing elimination of viral DNA after antivirals	1 [3]	…
CSF RT-PCR for HHV-6 DNA	1 [27]	…
Quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	6	110 000 copies/mL [12] 7200 copies/mL [30] 16 189 copies/mL [19] >999 999 copies/mL [22] 2959.5 copies/mL [18] 395 copies/mL [31]
Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing reduction in HHV-6 DNA copy count after antivirals	1	30 000 copies/mL day 3 of antiviral treatment, 4400 copies/mL day 31 of antiviral treatment [15]
Multiplex CSF PCR, including Argene Biosoft, BioFore, & New York Encephalitis Panel: total	9	…
Multiplex: Quantitative Herpes Consensus CSF PCR (Argene Biosoft)	4	18 600 copies/mL [11] 9993 copies/mL [11] 38 000 copies/mL [11] Copy number not specified [8]
Syndromic encephalitis/meningitis CSF PCR panel (BioFire)	3 [24, 25]	Includes the case described in case report component of this report
New York State Encephalitis Panel followed by quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	1	6200 copies/mL [20]
Brain biopsy and brain tissue PCR for HHV-6 DNA	2	HHV-6 early protein antigen in oligodendrocytes [3] HHV-6 antigen in glial cells and neurons + perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates & CSF PCR positive for HHV-6 DNA [10]
No PCR performed; diagnosis made on MRI findings & elevated serum HHV-6 IgG	1 [13]	…

Diagnostic Method	No. of Cases Utilizing Method	Additional Details
CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	14 [4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 28, 29]	…
Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing elimination of viral DNA after antivirals	1 [3]	…
CSF RT-PCR for HHV-6 DNA	1 [27]	…
Quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	6	110 000 copies/mL [12] 7200 copies/mL [30] 16 189 copies/mL [19] >999 999 copies/mL [22] 2959.5 copies/mL [18] 395 copies/mL [31]
Consecutive CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA showing reduction in HHV-6 DNA copy count after antivirals	1	30 000 copies/mL day 3 of antiviral treatment, 4400 copies/mL day 31 of antiviral treatment [15]
Multiplex CSF PCR, including Argene Biosoft, BioFore, & New York Encephalitis Panel: total	9	…
Multiplex: Quantitative Herpes Consensus CSF PCR (Argene Biosoft)	4	18 600 copies/mL [11] 9993 copies/mL [11] 38 000 copies/mL [11] Copy number not specified [8]
Syndromic encephalitis/meningitis CSF PCR panel (BioFire)	3 [24, 25]	Includes the case described in case report component of this report
New York State Encephalitis Panel followed by quantitative CSF PCR for HHV-6 DNA	1	6200 copies/mL [20]
Brain biopsy and brain tissue PCR for HHV-6 DNA	2	HHV-6 early protein antigen in oligodendrocytes [3] HHV-6 antigen in glial cells and neurons + perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates & CSF PCR positive for HHV-6 DNA [10]
No PCR performed; diagnosis made on MRI findings & elevated serum HHV-6 IgG	1 [13]	…

Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HHV-6, human herpesvirus 6; IgG, immunoglobulin G; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR.

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