Table 2.
Open in new tab

Characteristics of hormonal treatments for endometriosis and potential benefits of mTOR inhibitors.

Hormonal agentsmTOR inhibitors
Agents−GnRH analogue−Rapamycin (sirolimus)
−LEP−Everolimus
−DNG
−IUD
Major drawbacks−Progestin resistance−Lack of clinical evidence in humans
−No conception during treatment
Adverse events−GnRHa: menopausal symptoms, not for long-term use−Stomatitis, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, rash, infections†
−LEP: Caution with obesity, smoking, age; thrombosis risk
−DNG: Irregular bleeding, hypoestrogenism symptoms
Other benefits−Controlling menstrual bleeding−Mitigation of progestin resistance
−Treatment effects on dysmenorrhoea−Prevention of ageing-induced follicle loss
−Compatible with pregnancy
−Improvement of outcomes in ART
Hormonal agentsmTOR inhibitors
Agents−GnRH analogue−Rapamycin (sirolimus)
−LEP−Everolimus
−DNG
−IUD
Major drawbacks−Progestin resistance−Lack of clinical evidence in humans
−No conception during treatment
Adverse events−GnRHa: menopausal symptoms, not for long-term use−Stomatitis, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, rash, infections†
−LEP: Caution with obesity, smoking, age; thrombosis risk
−DNG: Irregular bleeding, hypoestrogenism symptoms
Other benefits−Controlling menstrual bleeding−Mitigation of progestin resistance
−Treatment effects on dysmenorrhoea−Prevention of ageing-induced follicle loss
−Compatible with pregnancy
−Improvement of outcomes in ART
†

Most adverse events are dose-dependent.

mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, GnRHa: GnRH agonists or antagonists, LEP: low-dose oestrogen–progestin combinations, DNG: dienogest, IUD: intrauterine device.

Table 2.
Open in new tab

Characteristics of hormonal treatments for endometriosis and potential benefits of mTOR inhibitors.

Hormonal agentsmTOR inhibitors
Agents−GnRH analogue−Rapamycin (sirolimus)
−LEP−Everolimus
−DNG
−IUD
Major drawbacks−Progestin resistance−Lack of clinical evidence in humans
−No conception during treatment
Adverse events−GnRHa: menopausal symptoms, not for long-term use−Stomatitis, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, rash, infections†
−LEP: Caution with obesity, smoking, age; thrombosis risk
−DNG: Irregular bleeding, hypoestrogenism symptoms
Other benefits−Controlling menstrual bleeding−Mitigation of progestin resistance
−Treatment effects on dysmenorrhoea−Prevention of ageing-induced follicle loss
−Compatible with pregnancy
−Improvement of outcomes in ART
Hormonal agentsmTOR inhibitors
Agents−GnRH analogue−Rapamycin (sirolimus)
−LEP−Everolimus
−DNG
−IUD
Major drawbacks−Progestin resistance−Lack of clinical evidence in humans
−No conception during treatment
Adverse events−GnRHa: menopausal symptoms, not for long-term use−Stomatitis, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, rash, infections†
−LEP: Caution with obesity, smoking, age; thrombosis risk
−DNG: Irregular bleeding, hypoestrogenism symptoms
Other benefits−Controlling menstrual bleeding−Mitigation of progestin resistance
−Treatment effects on dysmenorrhoea−Prevention of ageing-induced follicle loss
−Compatible with pregnancy
−Improvement of outcomes in ART
†

Most adverse events are dose-dependent.

mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, GnRHa: GnRH agonists or antagonists, LEP: low-dose oestrogen–progestin combinations, DNG: dienogest, IUD: intrauterine device.

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