| Radiotoxicity type . | Total cohort . | XRT . | PRT . | P value for difference between groups . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) | ||||
| No of patients included | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Average RIL Grade (G0–3) | ||||
| Baseline (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | t = 2.379, P = .024 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.0 / 0.7 | 0.8 / 0.7 | 1.1 / 0.8 | t = 2.379, P = .024/t = 0.484, P = .632 |
| 1 year (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.6 / 1.0 | 1.4 / 0.9 | 1.7 / 1.1 | |
| 2 years (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.8 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | |
| 3 years (N) | 27/34 | 13/16 | 14/17 | |
| Global | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | t = 1.212, P = .237 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 2.0 / 1.2 | 1.8 / 1.2 | 2.1 / 1.3 | t = 1.212, P = .237/t = 0.214, P = .833 |
| 3-year cumulative incidence by grade | X2 = 2.478; P = .3 | |||
| % absent [G0] (N) | 0.0 (0/27) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
| % mild RIL [G1] (N) | 33.3 (9/27) | 38.5 (5/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % moderate RIL [G2] (N) | 37.0 (10/27) | 46.2 (6/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % severe RIL [G3] (N) | 29.6(8/27) | 15.4 (2/13) | 42.9 (6/14) | |
| Average injury dynamics (% change from baseline) | ||||
| % Global RIL change yr 1-3 | 31.8% | 31.3% | 29.4% | t = 0.826, P = .912 |
| % IL RIL change yr 1-3 | 34.8% | 31.3% | 38.2% | t = −0.389, P = .700 |
| % CL RIL change yr 1-3 | 22.2% | 43.8% | 7.8% | t = 2.180; P = .037 |
| Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) | ||||
| No of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| All-time total CMB identified | 362 | 213 | 149 | |
| All-time cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 91.2 (31) | 88.2 (15) | 94.1 (16) | X2 = 0.3656; P = .56 |
| All-time #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 10.6 (12.5) | 12.5 (15.1) | 8.7 (9.4) | t = 0.869; P = .391 |
| 3-year #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 4.1 (4.6) | 4.0 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.9) | t = −.106; P = .91 |
| 3-year cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 73.5 (25) | 76.5 (13) | 70.5 (12) | X2 = 0.1511; P = .70 |
| Median latency to first CMB (range) | 17 (1-55) | 13 (1-51) | 17.5 (4-55) | t = −1.36; P = .186 |
| Anatomic distribution | X2 = 4.980; P = .08 | |||
| % lobar (N) | 63.0 (228) | 61.0 (130) | 65.8 (98) | |
| % deep territory (N) | 33.7 (122) | 33.8 (72) | 33.6 (50) | |
| % infratentorial (N) | 3.0 (11) | 4.7 (10) | 0.7 (1) | |
| Laterality | X2 = 4.986; P = .026 | |||
| % IL (N) | 77.3 (280) | 73.2 (156) | 83.2 (124) | |
| % CL (N) | 22.7 (82) | 26.8 (57) | 16.8 (25) | |
| Radiation field correlation [% of target Gy dose] | X2 = 12.604; P = .002 | |||
| % main field [≥ 90%] (N) | 57.3 (192/335) | 53.2 (99/186) | 62.4 (93/149) | |
| % margin [70%-89%] (N) | 20.6 (69/335) | 16.1 (30/186) | 26.2 (39/149) | |
| % outside main field [<70%] (N) | 22.1 (74/335) | 30.6 (57/186) | 11.4 (17/149) | |
| Median Gy dose received (range) | 50.6 (8.0–62.9) | 51.6 (8.0–62.9) | 50.0 (6.0–56.6) RBE | |
| Brain tissue necrosis (TN) | ||||
| No. of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| % 3-year cumulative incidence (N) | 11.8 (4/34) | 5.9 (1/17) | 17.6 (3/17) | X2 = 1.1333; P = .29 |
| Median onset latency (range) | 18 (10–30) | 30 (n/a) | 12 (10–24) | n/a |
| Median duration until resolution (range) | 31.5 (9–48) | 21 (n/a) | 42 (9–48) | n/a |
| % symptomatic (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % w/ treatment (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| N radiographic dx/biopsy | 3 / 1 | 1 / 0 | 2 / 1 | n/a |
| Median no./patient (range) | 1 (0) | 1 (n/a) | 1 (0) | n/a |
| Median maximum diameter, mm (range) | 6 (2–30) | 2 (n/a) | 7 (5–30) | n/a |
| % periventricular location (N) | 50.0 (2/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % in main radiation field [≥90%] (N) | 100.0 (4/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (3/3) | n/a |
| Radiotoxicity type . | Total cohort . | XRT . | PRT . | P value for difference between groups . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) | ||||
| No of patients included | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Average RIL Grade (G0–3) | ||||
| Baseline (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | t = 2.379, P = .024 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.0 / 0.7 | 0.8 / 0.7 | 1.1 / 0.8 | t = 2.379, P = .024/t = 0.484, P = .632 |
| 1 year (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.6 / 1.0 | 1.4 / 0.9 | 1.7 / 1.1 | |
| 2 years (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.8 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | |
| 3 years (N) | 27/34 | 13/16 | 14/17 | |
| Global | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | t = 1.212, P = .237 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 2.0 / 1.2 | 1.8 / 1.2 | 2.1 / 1.3 | t = 1.212, P = .237/t = 0.214, P = .833 |
| 3-year cumulative incidence by grade | X2 = 2.478; P = .3 | |||
| % absent [G0] (N) | 0.0 (0/27) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
| % mild RIL [G1] (N) | 33.3 (9/27) | 38.5 (5/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % moderate RIL [G2] (N) | 37.0 (10/27) | 46.2 (6/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % severe RIL [G3] (N) | 29.6(8/27) | 15.4 (2/13) | 42.9 (6/14) | |
| Average injury dynamics (% change from baseline) | ||||
| % Global RIL change yr 1-3 | 31.8% | 31.3% | 29.4% | t = 0.826, P = .912 |
| % IL RIL change yr 1-3 | 34.8% | 31.3% | 38.2% | t = −0.389, P = .700 |
| % CL RIL change yr 1-3 | 22.2% | 43.8% | 7.8% | t = 2.180; P = .037 |
| Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) | ||||
| No of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| All-time total CMB identified | 362 | 213 | 149 | |
| All-time cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 91.2 (31) | 88.2 (15) | 94.1 (16) | X2 = 0.3656; P = .56 |
| All-time #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 10.6 (12.5) | 12.5 (15.1) | 8.7 (9.4) | t = 0.869; P = .391 |
| 3-year #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 4.1 (4.6) | 4.0 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.9) | t = −.106; P = .91 |
| 3-year cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 73.5 (25) | 76.5 (13) | 70.5 (12) | X2 = 0.1511; P = .70 |
| Median latency to first CMB (range) | 17 (1-55) | 13 (1-51) | 17.5 (4-55) | t = −1.36; P = .186 |
| Anatomic distribution | X2 = 4.980; P = .08 | |||
| % lobar (N) | 63.0 (228) | 61.0 (130) | 65.8 (98) | |
| % deep territory (N) | 33.7 (122) | 33.8 (72) | 33.6 (50) | |
| % infratentorial (N) | 3.0 (11) | 4.7 (10) | 0.7 (1) | |
| Laterality | X2 = 4.986; P = .026 | |||
| % IL (N) | 77.3 (280) | 73.2 (156) | 83.2 (124) | |
| % CL (N) | 22.7 (82) | 26.8 (57) | 16.8 (25) | |
| Radiation field correlation [% of target Gy dose] | X2 = 12.604; P = .002 | |||
| % main field [≥ 90%] (N) | 57.3 (192/335) | 53.2 (99/186) | 62.4 (93/149) | |
| % margin [70%-89%] (N) | 20.6 (69/335) | 16.1 (30/186) | 26.2 (39/149) | |
| % outside main field [<70%] (N) | 22.1 (74/335) | 30.6 (57/186) | 11.4 (17/149) | |
| Median Gy dose received (range) | 50.6 (8.0–62.9) | 51.6 (8.0–62.9) | 50.0 (6.0–56.6) RBE | |
| Brain tissue necrosis (TN) | ||||
| No. of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| % 3-year cumulative incidence (N) | 11.8 (4/34) | 5.9 (1/17) | 17.6 (3/17) | X2 = 1.1333; P = .29 |
| Median onset latency (range) | 18 (10–30) | 30 (n/a) | 12 (10–24) | n/a |
| Median duration until resolution (range) | 31.5 (9–48) | 21 (n/a) | 42 (9–48) | n/a |
| % symptomatic (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % w/ treatment (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| N radiographic dx/biopsy | 3 / 1 | 1 / 0 | 2 / 1 | n/a |
| Median no./patient (range) | 1 (0) | 1 (n/a) | 1 (0) | n/a |
| Median maximum diameter, mm (range) | 6 (2–30) | 2 (n/a) | 7 (5–30) | n/a |
| % periventricular location (N) | 50.0 (2/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % in main radiation field [≥90%] (N) | 100.0 (4/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (3/3) | n/a |
Abbreviations: CL, contralesional; CMB, cerebral microbleeds; dx, diagnosis; IL, ipsilesional; RIL, radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy; SD, standard deviation; TN, tissue necrosis; yr, year.
| Radiotoxicity type . | Total cohort . | XRT . | PRT . | P value for difference between groups . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) | ||||
| No of patients included | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Average RIL Grade (G0–3) | ||||
| Baseline (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | t = 2.379, P = .024 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.0 / 0.7 | 0.8 / 0.7 | 1.1 / 0.8 | t = 2.379, P = .024/t = 0.484, P = .632 |
| 1 year (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.6 / 1.0 | 1.4 / 0.9 | 1.7 / 1.1 | |
| 2 years (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.8 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | |
| 3 years (N) | 27/34 | 13/16 | 14/17 | |
| Global | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | t = 1.212, P = .237 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 2.0 / 1.2 | 1.8 / 1.2 | 2.1 / 1.3 | t = 1.212, P = .237/t = 0.214, P = .833 |
| 3-year cumulative incidence by grade | X2 = 2.478; P = .3 | |||
| % absent [G0] (N) | 0.0 (0/27) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
| % mild RIL [G1] (N) | 33.3 (9/27) | 38.5 (5/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % moderate RIL [G2] (N) | 37.0 (10/27) | 46.2 (6/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % severe RIL [G3] (N) | 29.6(8/27) | 15.4 (2/13) | 42.9 (6/14) | |
| Average injury dynamics (% change from baseline) | ||||
| % Global RIL change yr 1-3 | 31.8% | 31.3% | 29.4% | t = 0.826, P = .912 |
| % IL RIL change yr 1-3 | 34.8% | 31.3% | 38.2% | t = −0.389, P = .700 |
| % CL RIL change yr 1-3 | 22.2% | 43.8% | 7.8% | t = 2.180; P = .037 |
| Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) | ||||
| No of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| All-time total CMB identified | 362 | 213 | 149 | |
| All-time cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 91.2 (31) | 88.2 (15) | 94.1 (16) | X2 = 0.3656; P = .56 |
| All-time #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 10.6 (12.5) | 12.5 (15.1) | 8.7 (9.4) | t = 0.869; P = .391 |
| 3-year #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 4.1 (4.6) | 4.0 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.9) | t = −.106; P = .91 |
| 3-year cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 73.5 (25) | 76.5 (13) | 70.5 (12) | X2 = 0.1511; P = .70 |
| Median latency to first CMB (range) | 17 (1-55) | 13 (1-51) | 17.5 (4-55) | t = −1.36; P = .186 |
| Anatomic distribution | X2 = 4.980; P = .08 | |||
| % lobar (N) | 63.0 (228) | 61.0 (130) | 65.8 (98) | |
| % deep territory (N) | 33.7 (122) | 33.8 (72) | 33.6 (50) | |
| % infratentorial (N) | 3.0 (11) | 4.7 (10) | 0.7 (1) | |
| Laterality | X2 = 4.986; P = .026 | |||
| % IL (N) | 77.3 (280) | 73.2 (156) | 83.2 (124) | |
| % CL (N) | 22.7 (82) | 26.8 (57) | 16.8 (25) | |
| Radiation field correlation [% of target Gy dose] | X2 = 12.604; P = .002 | |||
| % main field [≥ 90%] (N) | 57.3 (192/335) | 53.2 (99/186) | 62.4 (93/149) | |
| % margin [70%-89%] (N) | 20.6 (69/335) | 16.1 (30/186) | 26.2 (39/149) | |
| % outside main field [<70%] (N) | 22.1 (74/335) | 30.6 (57/186) | 11.4 (17/149) | |
| Median Gy dose received (range) | 50.6 (8.0–62.9) | 51.6 (8.0–62.9) | 50.0 (6.0–56.6) RBE | |
| Brain tissue necrosis (TN) | ||||
| No. of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| % 3-year cumulative incidence (N) | 11.8 (4/34) | 5.9 (1/17) | 17.6 (3/17) | X2 = 1.1333; P = .29 |
| Median onset latency (range) | 18 (10–30) | 30 (n/a) | 12 (10–24) | n/a |
| Median duration until resolution (range) | 31.5 (9–48) | 21 (n/a) | 42 (9–48) | n/a |
| % symptomatic (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % w/ treatment (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| N radiographic dx/biopsy | 3 / 1 | 1 / 0 | 2 / 1 | n/a |
| Median no./patient (range) | 1 (0) | 1 (n/a) | 1 (0) | n/a |
| Median maximum diameter, mm (range) | 6 (2–30) | 2 (n/a) | 7 (5–30) | n/a |
| % periventricular location (N) | 50.0 (2/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % in main radiation field [≥90%] (N) | 100.0 (4/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (3/3) | n/a |
| Radiotoxicity type . | Total cohort . | XRT . | PRT . | P value for difference between groups . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) | ||||
| No of patients included | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Average RIL Grade (G0–3) | ||||
| Baseline (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | t = 2.379, P = .024 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.0 / 0.7 | 0.8 / 0.7 | 1.1 / 0.8 | t = 2.379, P = .024/t = 0.484, P = .632 |
| 1 year (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.6 / 1.0 | 1.4 / 0.9 | 1.7 / 1.1 | |
| 2 years (N) | 33/34 | 16/17 | 17/17 | |
| Global | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 1.8 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | 1.9 / 1.2 | |
| 3 years (N) | 27/34 | 13/16 | 14/17 | |
| Global | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | t = 1.212, P = .237 |
| Hemispheric, IL/CL | 2.0 / 1.2 | 1.8 / 1.2 | 2.1 / 1.3 | t = 1.212, P = .237/t = 0.214, P = .833 |
| 3-year cumulative incidence by grade | X2 = 2.478; P = .3 | |||
| % absent [G0] (N) | 0.0 (0/27) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | |
| % mild RIL [G1] (N) | 33.3 (9/27) | 38.5 (5/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % moderate RIL [G2] (N) | 37.0 (10/27) | 46.2 (6/13) | 28.6 (4/14) | |
| % severe RIL [G3] (N) | 29.6(8/27) | 15.4 (2/13) | 42.9 (6/14) | |
| Average injury dynamics (% change from baseline) | ||||
| % Global RIL change yr 1-3 | 31.8% | 31.3% | 29.4% | t = 0.826, P = .912 |
| % IL RIL change yr 1-3 | 34.8% | 31.3% | 38.2% | t = −0.389, P = .700 |
| % CL RIL change yr 1-3 | 22.2% | 43.8% | 7.8% | t = 2.180; P = .037 |
| Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) | ||||
| No of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| All-time total CMB identified | 362 | 213 | 149 | |
| All-time cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 91.2 (31) | 88.2 (15) | 94.1 (16) | X2 = 0.3656; P = .56 |
| All-time #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 10.6 (12.5) | 12.5 (15.1) | 8.7 (9.4) | t = 0.869; P = .391 |
| 3-year #CMB/patient—mean (SD) | 4.1 (4.6) | 4.0 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.9) | t = −.106; P = .91 |
| 3-year cumulative prevalence, % (N) | 73.5 (25) | 76.5 (13) | 70.5 (12) | X2 = 0.1511; P = .70 |
| Median latency to first CMB (range) | 17 (1-55) | 13 (1-51) | 17.5 (4-55) | t = −1.36; P = .186 |
| Anatomic distribution | X2 = 4.980; P = .08 | |||
| % lobar (N) | 63.0 (228) | 61.0 (130) | 65.8 (98) | |
| % deep territory (N) | 33.7 (122) | 33.8 (72) | 33.6 (50) | |
| % infratentorial (N) | 3.0 (11) | 4.7 (10) | 0.7 (1) | |
| Laterality | X2 = 4.986; P = .026 | |||
| % IL (N) | 77.3 (280) | 73.2 (156) | 83.2 (124) | |
| % CL (N) | 22.7 (82) | 26.8 (57) | 16.8 (25) | |
| Radiation field correlation [% of target Gy dose] | X2 = 12.604; P = .002 | |||
| % main field [≥ 90%] (N) | 57.3 (192/335) | 53.2 (99/186) | 62.4 (93/149) | |
| % margin [70%-89%] (N) | 20.6 (69/335) | 16.1 (30/186) | 26.2 (39/149) | |
| % outside main field [<70%] (N) | 22.1 (74/335) | 30.6 (57/186) | 11.4 (17/149) | |
| Median Gy dose received (range) | 50.6 (8.0–62.9) | 51.6 (8.0–62.9) | 50.0 (6.0–56.6) RBE | |
| Brain tissue necrosis (TN) | ||||
| No. of patients included | 34 | 17 | 17 | |
| % 3-year cumulative incidence (N) | 11.8 (4/34) | 5.9 (1/17) | 17.6 (3/17) | X2 = 1.1333; P = .29 |
| Median onset latency (range) | 18 (10–30) | 30 (n/a) | 12 (10–24) | n/a |
| Median duration until resolution (range) | 31.5 (9–48) | 21 (n/a) | 42 (9–48) | n/a |
| % symptomatic (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % w/ treatment (N) | 25.0 (1/4) | 0.0 (0/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| N radiographic dx/biopsy | 3 / 1 | 1 / 0 | 2 / 1 | n/a |
| Median no./patient (range) | 1 (0) | 1 (n/a) | 1 (0) | n/a |
| Median maximum diameter, mm (range) | 6 (2–30) | 2 (n/a) | 7 (5–30) | n/a |
| % periventricular location (N) | 50.0 (2/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 33.3 (1/3) | n/a |
| % in main radiation field [≥90%] (N) | 100.0 (4/4) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (3/3) | n/a |
Abbreviations: CL, contralesional; CMB, cerebral microbleeds; dx, diagnosis; IL, ipsilesional; RIL, radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy; SD, standard deviation; TN, tissue necrosis; yr, year.
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