Pre-intervention characteristics of the entire population and according to the three procedures undertaken
| . | Entire population, n = 234 . | Exercise training, n = 70 . | CRT, n = 93 . | pMVR, n = 71 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 62 ± 10 | 67 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male/female) | 182/52 | 54/16 | 77/16 | 51/20 | 0.28 |
| Heart failure aetiology (ischaemic/not ischaemic) | 124/110 | 37/33 | 56/37 | 31/40 | ns |
| NYHA class | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| EDV (mL) | 193 ± 73 | 192 ± 76 | 212 ± 69 | 168 ± 68 | <0.01 |
| ESV (mL) | 129 ± 67 | 135 ± 70 | 150 ± 60 | 93 ± 58 | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 34 ± 12 | 32 ± 10 | 28 ± 6 | 46 ± 13 | <0.01 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | 85% | 93% | 89% | 77% | <0.01 |
| Beta-blockers | 80% | 96% | 83% | 62% | <0.01 |
| Loop diuretic | 79% | 80% | 81% | 77% | <0.01 |
| MRA | 45% | 57% | 38% | 39% | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 57% | 57% | 62% | 52% | ns |
| Oral anticoagulant | 33% | 40% | 26% | 33% | ns |
| Digoxin | 6% | 7% | 2% | 10% | ns |
| Amiodarone | 34% | 29% | 43% | 30% | ns |
| . | Entire population, n = 234 . | Exercise training, n = 70 . | CRT, n = 93 . | pMVR, n = 71 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 62 ± 10 | 67 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male/female) | 182/52 | 54/16 | 77/16 | 51/20 | 0.28 |
| Heart failure aetiology (ischaemic/not ischaemic) | 124/110 | 37/33 | 56/37 | 31/40 | ns |
| NYHA class | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| EDV (mL) | 193 ± 73 | 192 ± 76 | 212 ± 69 | 168 ± 68 | <0.01 |
| ESV (mL) | 129 ± 67 | 135 ± 70 | 150 ± 60 | 93 ± 58 | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 34 ± 12 | 32 ± 10 | 28 ± 6 | 46 ± 13 | <0.01 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | 85% | 93% | 89% | 77% | <0.01 |
| Beta-blockers | 80% | 96% | 83% | 62% | <0.01 |
| Loop diuretic | 79% | 80% | 81% | 77% | <0.01 |
| MRA | 45% | 57% | 38% | 39% | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 57% | 57% | 62% | 52% | ns |
| Oral anticoagulant | 33% | 40% | 26% | 33% | ns |
| Digoxin | 6% | 7% | 2% | 10% | ns |
| Amiodarone | 34% | 29% | 43% | 30% | ns |
CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; pMVR, percutaneous mitral valve repair; NYHA, New York Heart Association; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ns, not significant.
Pre-intervention characteristics of the entire population and according to the three procedures undertaken
| . | Entire population, n = 234 . | Exercise training, n = 70 . | CRT, n = 93 . | pMVR, n = 71 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 62 ± 10 | 67 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male/female) | 182/52 | 54/16 | 77/16 | 51/20 | 0.28 |
| Heart failure aetiology (ischaemic/not ischaemic) | 124/110 | 37/33 | 56/37 | 31/40 | ns |
| NYHA class | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| EDV (mL) | 193 ± 73 | 192 ± 76 | 212 ± 69 | 168 ± 68 | <0.01 |
| ESV (mL) | 129 ± 67 | 135 ± 70 | 150 ± 60 | 93 ± 58 | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 34 ± 12 | 32 ± 10 | 28 ± 6 | 46 ± 13 | <0.01 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | 85% | 93% | 89% | 77% | <0.01 |
| Beta-blockers | 80% | 96% | 83% | 62% | <0.01 |
| Loop diuretic | 79% | 80% | 81% | 77% | <0.01 |
| MRA | 45% | 57% | 38% | 39% | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 57% | 57% | 62% | 52% | ns |
| Oral anticoagulant | 33% | 40% | 26% | 33% | ns |
| Digoxin | 6% | 7% | 2% | 10% | ns |
| Amiodarone | 34% | 29% | 43% | 30% | ns |
| . | Entire population, n = 234 . | Exercise training, n = 70 . | CRT, n = 93 . | pMVR, n = 71 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 62 ± 10 | 67 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male/female) | 182/52 | 54/16 | 77/16 | 51/20 | 0.28 |
| Heart failure aetiology (ischaemic/not ischaemic) | 124/110 | 37/33 | 56/37 | 31/40 | ns |
| NYHA class | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | <0.01 |
| EDV (mL) | 193 ± 73 | 192 ± 76 | 212 ± 69 | 168 ± 68 | <0.01 |
| ESV (mL) | 129 ± 67 | 135 ± 70 | 150 ± 60 | 93 ± 58 | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 34 ± 12 | 32 ± 10 | 28 ± 6 | 46 ± 13 | <0.01 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNI | 85% | 93% | 89% | 77% | <0.01 |
| Beta-blockers | 80% | 96% | 83% | 62% | <0.01 |
| Loop diuretic | 79% | 80% | 81% | 77% | <0.01 |
| MRA | 45% | 57% | 38% | 39% | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 57% | 57% | 62% | 52% | ns |
| Oral anticoagulant | 33% | 40% | 26% | 33% | ns |
| Digoxin | 6% | 7% | 2% | 10% | ns |
| Amiodarone | 34% | 29% | 43% | 30% | ns |
CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; pMVR, percutaneous mitral valve repair; NYHA, New York Heart Association; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ns, not significant.
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