Table 2.

Methylation analysis techniques for cfDNA

TechniqueSingle nucleotide resolutionPortrays non-CpG sitesDNA degradationOptimized for uscfDNA
BS-Seq (used in this paper)YesYesYesNot currently
5mCAdpBS-Seq (developed in this paper)YesYesYesYes
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS)YesYes*YesNot currently
Circulating free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (cfMeDIP-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Methyl-CpG binding domain protein capture sequencing (MBD-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-Seq)YesYesNoNot currently
Targeted sequencing BSYesYes*YesNot currently
Microarray-basedYesNoYesNot currently
TechniqueSingle nucleotide resolutionPortrays non-CpG sitesDNA degradationOptimized for uscfDNA
BS-Seq (used in this paper)YesYesYesNot currently
5mCAdpBS-Seq (developed in this paper)YesYesYesYes
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS)YesYes*YesNot currently
Circulating free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (cfMeDIP-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Methyl-CpG binding domain protein capture sequencing (MBD-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-Seq)YesYesNoNot currently
Targeted sequencing BSYesYes*YesNot currently
Microarray-basedYesNoYesNot currently

*Only in enriched regions.

Table 2.

Methylation analysis techniques for cfDNA

TechniqueSingle nucleotide resolutionPortrays non-CpG sitesDNA degradationOptimized for uscfDNA
BS-Seq (used in this paper)YesYesYesNot currently
5mCAdpBS-Seq (developed in this paper)YesYesYesYes
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS)YesYes*YesNot currently
Circulating free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (cfMeDIP-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Methyl-CpG binding domain protein capture sequencing (MBD-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-Seq)YesYesNoNot currently
Targeted sequencing BSYesYes*YesNot currently
Microarray-basedYesNoYesNot currently
TechniqueSingle nucleotide resolutionPortrays non-CpG sitesDNA degradationOptimized for uscfDNA
BS-Seq (used in this paper)YesYesYesNot currently
5mCAdpBS-Seq (developed in this paper)YesYesYesYes
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS)YesYes*YesNot currently
Circulating free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (cfMeDIP-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Methyl-CpG binding domain protein capture sequencing (MBD-Seq)NoNoNoNot currently
Enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-Seq)YesYesNoNot currently
Targeted sequencing BSYesYes*YesNot currently
Microarray-basedYesNoYesNot currently

*Only in enriched regions.

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