Table 3 Open in new tab Mean (±SEM)...

	N	Beef flavour	Metallic	Rancid	Livery	Sour/grassy	Tenderness	TBA	WBSF (kg)
Main effects*
SEL	72	2.80 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.08^a	1.52 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.03^a	–	–	0.82 ± 0.15^a	–
COMM	72	2.49 ± 0.33	1.54 ± 0.06^b	1.45 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.09^b	2.60 ± 0.03
LSD_0.05^†		n.s.	0.21	n.s.	0.19	NA	NA	0.14	NA
PVC	48	2.02 ± 0.49^b	1.62 ± 0.70^a	1.42 ± 0.45	1.25 ± 0.37^b	2.27 ± 0.10^a	2.37 ± 0.26^a	0.70 ± 0.03^b	2.70 ± 0.54^a
O₂-MAP	48	2.15 ± 0.55^b	1.29 ± 0.49^b	1.56 ± 0.39	1.48 ± 0.50^ab	2.00 ± 0.30^ab	2.17 ± 0.21^b	1.30 ± 0.23^a	2.31 ± 0.81^b
CO-MAP	48	2.72 ± 0.28^a	1.28 ± 0.18^b	1.56 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.39^a	1.87 ± 0.40^b	2.23 ± 0.16^ab	0.41 ± 0.05^b	2.81 ± 0.63^a
LSD_0.05		0.16	0.11	n.s.	0.23	0.30	0.19	0.34	0.38
AO	72	2.53 ± 0.04	1.52 ± 0.51	1.50 ± 0.03	1.34 ± 0.42	1.93 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.45	0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.20
w/o AO	72	2.09 ± 0.50	1.40 ± 0.45	1.52 ± 0.43	1.41 ± 0.03	2.05 ± 0.50	2.05 ± 0.35	0.87 ± 0.02	2.70 ± 0.14
LSD_0.05		n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Two-way interactions
SEL × PVC	24	2.58 ± 0.99	2.25 ± 1.14	1.58 ± 0.90	1.50 ± 0.67	–	–	0.82 ± 0.42	–
COMM × PVC	24	3.07 ± 1.40	1.00 ± 0.00	1.27 ± 0.60	1.00 ± 0.00	2.88 ± 0.33	1.58 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.01	3.33 ± 0.67
SEL × O₂-MAP	24	2.83 ± 1.11	1.58 ± 0.99	1.33 ± 0.49	1.50 ± 1.00	–	–	1.18 ± 0.51	–
COMM × O₂-MAP	24	2.27 ± 1.10	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 0.90	1.47 ± 0.80	2.00 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.40	0.40 ± 0.01	2.70 ± 0.54
SEL × CO-MAP	24	3.25 ± 0.58	1.50 ± 1.17	1.03 ± 0.78	1.67 ± 0.78	–	–	0.35 ± 0.03	–
COMM × CO-MAP	24	2.20 ± 0.90	1.07 ± 0.30	1.30 ± 0.30	1.33 ± 0.80	1.87 ± 0.30	2.13 ± 0.60	0.41 ± 0.01	2.33 ± 0.81
SEL × AO	36	3.17 ± 0.58	1.08 ± 0.29	1.50 ± 0.80	1.58 ± 0.90	–	–	0.47 ± 0.02	–
COMM × AO	36	2.67 ± 0.78	1.92 ± 1.08	1.25 ± 0.62	1.33 ± 0.49	1.60 ± 0.90	3.13 ± 1.50	0.58 ± 0.05	3.15 ± 1.35
SEL × w/o AO	36	2.00 ± 1.20	1.00 ± 0.00	1.13 ± 0.40	1.07 ± 0.30	–	–	0.60 ± 0.01	–
COMM × w/o AO	36	2.29 ± 1.04	2.50 ± 1.32	1.21 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.68	2.27 ± 0.40	2.13 ± 0.55	1.54 ± 0.33	2.79 ± 0.63
PVC × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.10	1.46 ± 0.40	1.19 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.05	1.60 ± 0.45	3.13 ± 0.75	0.59 ± 0.05	2.24 ± 0.09
PVC × w/o AO	24	1.97 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.05	1.54 ± 0.02	1.69 ± 0.10	1.84 ± 0.09	2.19 ± 0.46	1.10 ± 0.12	2.27 ± 0.10
O₂-MAP × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.08	1.82 ± 0.03	1.71 ± 0.33	1.23 ± 0.04	2.20 ± 0.50	2.20 ± 0.55	0.87 ± 0.01	2.08 ± 0.40
O₂-MAP × w/o AO	24	2.04 ± 0.10	1.91 ± 0.06	1.93 ± 0.14	1.41 ± 0.23	3.05 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.29	1.16 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.21
CO-MAP × AO	24	3.08 ± 0.86	1.04 ± 0.02	1.65 ± 0.07	1.09 ± 0.06	2.00 ± 0.40	2.33 ± 0.35	0.44 ± 0.02	3.21 ± 0.70
CO-MAP × w/o AO	24	3.00 ± 0.70	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 1.10	1.80 ± 1.10	2.00 ± 0.80	2.33 ± 0.70	0.51 ± 0.10	2.36 ± 0.09
LSD_0.05		0.35	0.77	0.40	0.62	0.81	0.92	0.29	0.56

Beef flavour

Metallic

Rancid

Livery

Sour/grassy

Tenderness

TBA

WBSF (kg)

Main effects*

SEL

2.80 ± 0.05

1.80 ± 0.08^a

1.52 ± 0.06

1.55 ± 0.03^a

–

0.82 ± 0.15^a

–

COMM

2.49 ± 0.33

1.54 ± 0.06^b

1.45 ± 0.09

1.26 ± 0.08^b

2.04 ± 0.06

1.95 ± 0.10

0.52 ± 0.09^b

2.60 ± 0.03

LSD_0.05^†

n.s.

0.21

n.s.

0.19

0.14

PVC

2.02 ± 0.49^b

1.62 ± 0.70^a

1.42 ± 0.45

1.25 ± 0.37^b

2.27 ± 0.10^a

2.37 ± 0.26^a

0.70 ± 0.03^b

2.70 ± 0.54^a

O₂-MAP

2.15 ± 0.55^b

1.29 ± 0.49^b

1.56 ± 0.39

1.48 ± 0.50^ab

2.00 ± 0.30^ab

2.17 ± 0.21^b

1.30 ± 0.23^a

2.31 ± 0.81^b

CO-MAP

2.72 ± 0.28^a

1.28 ± 0.18^b

1.56 ± 0.25

1.50 ± 0.39^a

1.87 ± 0.40^b

2.23 ± 0.16^ab

0.41 ± 0.05^b

2.81 ± 0.63^a

LSD_0.05

0.16

0.11

n.s.

0.23

0.30

0.19

0.34

0.38

2.53 ± 0.04

1.52 ± 0.51

1.50 ± 0.03

1.34 ± 0.42

1.93 ± 0.20

1.93 ± 0.45

0.79 ± 0.01

2.51 ± 0.20

w/o AO

2.09 ± 0.50

1.40 ± 0.45

1.52 ± 0.43

1.41 ± 0.03

2.05 ± 0.50

2.05 ± 0.35

0.87 ± 0.02

2.70 ± 0.14

LSD_0.05

n.s.

Two-way interactions

SEL × PVC

2.58 ± 0.99

2.25 ± 1.14

1.58 ± 0.90

1.50 ± 0.67

–

0.82 ± 0.42

–

COMM × PVC

3.07 ± 1.40

1.00 ± 0.00

1.27 ± 0.60

1.00 ± 0.00

2.88 ± 0.33

1.58 ± 0.06

1.01 ± 0.01

3.33 ± 0.67

SEL × O₂-MAP

2.83 ± 1.11

1.58 ± 0.99

1.33 ± 0.49

1.50 ± 1.00

–

1.18 ± 0.51

–

COMM × O₂-MAP

2.27 ± 1.10

1.00 ± 0.00

1.80 ± 0.90

1.47 ± 0.80

2.00 ± 0.10

1.60 ± 0.40

0.40 ± 0.01

2.70 ± 0.54

SEL × CO-MAP

3.25 ± 0.58

1.50 ± 1.17

1.03 ± 0.78

1.67 ± 0.78

–

0.35 ± 0.03

–

COMM × CO-MAP

2.20 ± 0.90

1.07 ± 0.30

1.30 ± 0.30

1.33 ± 0.80

1.87 ± 0.30

2.13 ± 0.60

0.41 ± 0.01

2.33 ± 0.81

SEL × AO

3.17 ± 0.58

1.08 ± 0.29

1.50 ± 0.80

1.58 ± 0.90

–

0.47 ± 0.02

–

COMM × AO

2.67 ± 0.78

1.92 ± 1.08

1.25 ± 0.62

1.33 ± 0.49

1.60 ± 0.90

3.13 ± 1.50

0.58 ± 0.05

3.15 ± 1.35

SEL × w/o AO

2.00 ± 1.20

1.00 ± 0.00

1.13 ± 0.40

1.07 ± 0.30

–

0.60 ± 0.01

–

COMM × w/o AO

2.29 ± 1.04

2.50 ± 1.32

1.21 ± 0.41

1.25 ± 0.68

2.27 ± 0.40

2.13 ± 0.55

1.54 ± 0.33

2.79 ± 0.63

PVC × AO

2.34 ± 0.10

1.46 ± 0.40

1.19 ± 0.25

1.20 ± 0.05

1.60 ± 0.45

3.13 ± 0.75

0.59 ± 0.05

2.24 ± 0.09

PVC × w/o AO

1.97 ± 0.07

1.66 ± 0.05

1.54 ± 0.02

1.69 ± 0.10

1.84 ± 0.09

2.19 ± 0.46

1.10 ± 0.12

2.27 ± 0.10

O₂-MAP × AO

2.34 ± 0.08

1.82 ± 0.03

1.71 ± 0.33

1.23 ± 0.04

2.20 ± 0.50

2.20 ± 0.55

0.87 ± 0.01

2.08 ± 0.40

O₂-MAP × w/o AO

2.04 ± 0.10

1.91 ± 0.06

1.93 ± 0.14

1.41 ± 0.23

3.05 ± 0.11

2.13 ± 0.29

1.16 ± 0.03

2.56 ± 0.21

CO-MAP × AO

3.08 ± 0.86

1.04 ± 0.02

1.65 ± 0.07

1.09 ± 0.06

2.00 ± 0.40

2.33 ± 0.35

0.44 ± 0.02

3.21 ± 0.70

CO-MAP × w/o AO

3.00 ± 0.70

1.00 ± 0.00

1.80 ± 1.10

2.00 ± 0.80

2.33 ± 0.70

0.51 ± 0.10

2.36 ± 0.09

LSD_0.05

0.35

0.77

0.40

0.62

0.81

0.92

0.29

0.56

	N	Beef flavour	Metallic	Rancid	Livery	Sour/grassy	Tenderness	TBA	WBSF (kg)
Main effects*
SEL	72	2.80 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.08^a	1.52 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.03^a	–	–	0.82 ± 0.15^a	–
COMM	72	2.49 ± 0.33	1.54 ± 0.06^b	1.45 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.09^b	2.60 ± 0.03
LSD_0.05^†		n.s.	0.21	n.s.	0.19	NA	NA	0.14	NA
PVC	48	2.02 ± 0.49^b	1.62 ± 0.70^a	1.42 ± 0.45	1.25 ± 0.37^b	2.27 ± 0.10^a	2.37 ± 0.26^a	0.70 ± 0.03^b	2.70 ± 0.54^a
O₂-MAP	48	2.15 ± 0.55^b	1.29 ± 0.49^b	1.56 ± 0.39	1.48 ± 0.50^ab	2.00 ± 0.30^ab	2.17 ± 0.21^b	1.30 ± 0.23^a	2.31 ± 0.81^b
CO-MAP	48	2.72 ± 0.28^a	1.28 ± 0.18^b	1.56 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.39^a	1.87 ± 0.40^b	2.23 ± 0.16^ab	0.41 ± 0.05^b	2.81 ± 0.63^a
LSD_0.05		0.16	0.11	n.s.	0.23	0.30	0.19	0.34	0.38
AO	72	2.53 ± 0.04	1.52 ± 0.51	1.50 ± 0.03	1.34 ± 0.42	1.93 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.45	0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.20
w/o AO	72	2.09 ± 0.50	1.40 ± 0.45	1.52 ± 0.43	1.41 ± 0.03	2.05 ± 0.50	2.05 ± 0.35	0.87 ± 0.02	2.70 ± 0.14
LSD_0.05		n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Two-way interactions
SEL × PVC	24	2.58 ± 0.99	2.25 ± 1.14	1.58 ± 0.90	1.50 ± 0.67	–	–	0.82 ± 0.42	–
COMM × PVC	24	3.07 ± 1.40	1.00 ± 0.00	1.27 ± 0.60	1.00 ± 0.00	2.88 ± 0.33	1.58 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.01	3.33 ± 0.67
SEL × O₂-MAP	24	2.83 ± 1.11	1.58 ± 0.99	1.33 ± 0.49	1.50 ± 1.00	–	–	1.18 ± 0.51	–
COMM × O₂-MAP	24	2.27 ± 1.10	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 0.90	1.47 ± 0.80	2.00 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.40	0.40 ± 0.01	2.70 ± 0.54
SEL × CO-MAP	24	3.25 ± 0.58	1.50 ± 1.17	1.03 ± 0.78	1.67 ± 0.78	–	–	0.35 ± 0.03	–
COMM × CO-MAP	24	2.20 ± 0.90	1.07 ± 0.30	1.30 ± 0.30	1.33 ± 0.80	1.87 ± 0.30	2.13 ± 0.60	0.41 ± 0.01	2.33 ± 0.81
SEL × AO	36	3.17 ± 0.58	1.08 ± 0.29	1.50 ± 0.80	1.58 ± 0.90	–	–	0.47 ± 0.02	–
COMM × AO	36	2.67 ± 0.78	1.92 ± 1.08	1.25 ± 0.62	1.33 ± 0.49	1.60 ± 0.90	3.13 ± 1.50	0.58 ± 0.05	3.15 ± 1.35
SEL × w/o AO	36	2.00 ± 1.20	1.00 ± 0.00	1.13 ± 0.40	1.07 ± 0.30	–	–	0.60 ± 0.01	–
COMM × w/o AO	36	2.29 ± 1.04	2.50 ± 1.32	1.21 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.68	2.27 ± 0.40	2.13 ± 0.55	1.54 ± 0.33	2.79 ± 0.63
PVC × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.10	1.46 ± 0.40	1.19 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.05	1.60 ± 0.45	3.13 ± 0.75	0.59 ± 0.05	2.24 ± 0.09
PVC × w/o AO	24	1.97 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.05	1.54 ± 0.02	1.69 ± 0.10	1.84 ± 0.09	2.19 ± 0.46	1.10 ± 0.12	2.27 ± 0.10
O₂-MAP × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.08	1.82 ± 0.03	1.71 ± 0.33	1.23 ± 0.04	2.20 ± 0.50	2.20 ± 0.55	0.87 ± 0.01	2.08 ± 0.40
O₂-MAP × w/o AO	24	2.04 ± 0.10	1.91 ± 0.06	1.93 ± 0.14	1.41 ± 0.23	3.05 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.29	1.16 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.21
CO-MAP × AO	24	3.08 ± 0.86	1.04 ± 0.02	1.65 ± 0.07	1.09 ± 0.06	2.00 ± 0.40	2.33 ± 0.35	0.44 ± 0.02	3.21 ± 0.70
CO-MAP × w/o AO	24	3.00 ± 0.70	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 1.10	1.80 ± 1.10	2.00 ± 0.80	2.33 ± 0.70	0.51 ± 0.10	2.36 ± 0.09
LSD_0.05		0.35	0.77	0.40	0.62	0.81	0.92	0.29	0.56

Beef flavour

Metallic

Rancid

Livery

Sour/grassy

Tenderness

TBA

WBSF (kg)

Main effects*

SEL

2.80 ± 0.05

1.80 ± 0.08^a

1.52 ± 0.06

1.55 ± 0.03^a

–

0.82 ± 0.15^a

–

COMM

2.49 ± 0.33

1.54 ± 0.06^b

1.45 ± 0.09

1.26 ± 0.08^b

2.04 ± 0.06

1.95 ± 0.10

0.52 ± 0.09^b

2.60 ± 0.03

LSD_0.05^†

n.s.

0.21

n.s.

0.19

0.14

PVC

2.02 ± 0.49^b

1.62 ± 0.70^a

1.42 ± 0.45

1.25 ± 0.37^b

2.27 ± 0.10^a

2.37 ± 0.26^a

0.70 ± 0.03^b

2.70 ± 0.54^a

O₂-MAP

2.15 ± 0.55^b

1.29 ± 0.49^b

1.56 ± 0.39

1.48 ± 0.50^ab

2.00 ± 0.30^ab

2.17 ± 0.21^b

1.30 ± 0.23^a

2.31 ± 0.81^b

CO-MAP

2.72 ± 0.28^a

1.28 ± 0.18^b

1.56 ± 0.25

1.50 ± 0.39^a

1.87 ± 0.40^b

2.23 ± 0.16^ab

0.41 ± 0.05^b

2.81 ± 0.63^a

LSD_0.05

0.16

0.11

n.s.

0.23

0.30

0.19

0.34

0.38

2.53 ± 0.04

1.52 ± 0.51

1.50 ± 0.03

1.34 ± 0.42

1.93 ± 0.20

1.93 ± 0.45

0.79 ± 0.01

2.51 ± 0.20

w/o AO

2.09 ± 0.50

1.40 ± 0.45

1.52 ± 0.43

1.41 ± 0.03

2.05 ± 0.50

2.05 ± 0.35

0.87 ± 0.02

2.70 ± 0.14

LSD_0.05

n.s.

Two-way interactions

SEL × PVC

2.58 ± 0.99

2.25 ± 1.14

1.58 ± 0.90

1.50 ± 0.67

–

0.82 ± 0.42

–

COMM × PVC

3.07 ± 1.40

1.00 ± 0.00

1.27 ± 0.60

1.00 ± 0.00

2.88 ± 0.33

1.58 ± 0.06

1.01 ± 0.01

3.33 ± 0.67

SEL × O₂-MAP

2.83 ± 1.11

1.58 ± 0.99

1.33 ± 0.49

1.50 ± 1.00

–

1.18 ± 0.51

–

COMM × O₂-MAP

2.27 ± 1.10

1.00 ± 0.00

1.80 ± 0.90

1.47 ± 0.80

2.00 ± 0.10

1.60 ± 0.40

0.40 ± 0.01

2.70 ± 0.54

SEL × CO-MAP

3.25 ± 0.58

1.50 ± 1.17

1.03 ± 0.78

1.67 ± 0.78

–

0.35 ± 0.03

–

COMM × CO-MAP

2.20 ± 0.90

1.07 ± 0.30

1.30 ± 0.30

1.33 ± 0.80

1.87 ± 0.30

2.13 ± 0.60

0.41 ± 0.01

2.33 ± 0.81

SEL × AO

3.17 ± 0.58

1.08 ± 0.29

1.50 ± 0.80

1.58 ± 0.90

–

0.47 ± 0.02

–

COMM × AO

2.67 ± 0.78

1.92 ± 1.08

1.25 ± 0.62

1.33 ± 0.49

1.60 ± 0.90

3.13 ± 1.50

0.58 ± 0.05

3.15 ± 1.35

SEL × w/o AO

2.00 ± 1.20

1.00 ± 0.00

1.13 ± 0.40

1.07 ± 0.30

–

0.60 ± 0.01

–

COMM × w/o AO

2.29 ± 1.04

2.50 ± 1.32

1.21 ± 0.41

1.25 ± 0.68

2.27 ± 0.40

2.13 ± 0.55

1.54 ± 0.33

2.79 ± 0.63

PVC × AO

2.34 ± 0.10

1.46 ± 0.40

1.19 ± 0.25

1.20 ± 0.05

1.60 ± 0.45

3.13 ± 0.75

0.59 ± 0.05

2.24 ± 0.09

PVC × w/o AO

1.97 ± 0.07

1.66 ± 0.05

1.54 ± 0.02

1.69 ± 0.10

1.84 ± 0.09

2.19 ± 0.46

1.10 ± 0.12

2.27 ± 0.10

O₂-MAP × AO

2.34 ± 0.08

1.82 ± 0.03

1.71 ± 0.33

1.23 ± 0.04

2.20 ± 0.50

2.20 ± 0.55

0.87 ± 0.01

2.08 ± 0.40

O₂-MAP × w/o AO

2.04 ± 0.10

1.91 ± 0.06

1.93 ± 0.14

1.41 ± 0.23

3.05 ± 0.11

2.13 ± 0.29

1.16 ± 0.03

2.56 ± 0.21

CO-MAP × AO

3.08 ± 0.86

1.04 ± 0.02

1.65 ± 0.07

1.09 ± 0.06

2.00 ± 0.40

2.33 ± 0.35

0.44 ± 0.02

3.21 ± 0.70

CO-MAP × w/o AO

3.00 ± 0.70

1.00 ± 0.00

1.80 ± 1.10

2.00 ± 0.80

2.33 ± 0.70

0.51 ± 0.10

2.36 ± 0.09

LSD_0.05

0.35

0.77

0.40

0.62

0.81

0.92

0.29

0.56

Table 3

Open in new tab

Mean (±SEM) sensory scores, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values for main and interaction effects

	N	Beef flavour	Metallic	Rancid	Livery	Sour/grassy	Tenderness	TBA	WBSF (kg)
Main effects*
SEL	72	2.80 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.08^a	1.52 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.03^a	–	–	0.82 ± 0.15^a	–
COMM	72	2.49 ± 0.33	1.54 ± 0.06^b	1.45 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.09^b	2.60 ± 0.03
LSD_0.05^†		n.s.	0.21	n.s.	0.19	NA	NA	0.14	NA
PVC	48	2.02 ± 0.49^b	1.62 ± 0.70^a	1.42 ± 0.45	1.25 ± 0.37^b	2.27 ± 0.10^a	2.37 ± 0.26^a	0.70 ± 0.03^b	2.70 ± 0.54^a
O₂-MAP	48	2.15 ± 0.55^b	1.29 ± 0.49^b	1.56 ± 0.39	1.48 ± 0.50^ab	2.00 ± 0.30^ab	2.17 ± 0.21^b	1.30 ± 0.23^a	2.31 ± 0.81^b
CO-MAP	48	2.72 ± 0.28^a	1.28 ± 0.18^b	1.56 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.39^a	1.87 ± 0.40^b	2.23 ± 0.16^ab	0.41 ± 0.05^b	2.81 ± 0.63^a
LSD_0.05		0.16	0.11	n.s.	0.23	0.30	0.19	0.34	0.38
AO	72	2.53 ± 0.04	1.52 ± 0.51	1.50 ± 0.03	1.34 ± 0.42	1.93 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.45	0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.20
w/o AO	72	2.09 ± 0.50	1.40 ± 0.45	1.52 ± 0.43	1.41 ± 0.03	2.05 ± 0.50	2.05 ± 0.35	0.87 ± 0.02	2.70 ± 0.14
LSD_0.05		n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Two-way interactions
SEL × PVC	24	2.58 ± 0.99	2.25 ± 1.14	1.58 ± 0.90	1.50 ± 0.67	–	–	0.82 ± 0.42	–
COMM × PVC	24	3.07 ± 1.40	1.00 ± 0.00	1.27 ± 0.60	1.00 ± 0.00	2.88 ± 0.33	1.58 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.01	3.33 ± 0.67
SEL × O₂-MAP	24	2.83 ± 1.11	1.58 ± 0.99	1.33 ± 0.49	1.50 ± 1.00	–	–	1.18 ± 0.51	–
COMM × O₂-MAP	24	2.27 ± 1.10	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 0.90	1.47 ± 0.80	2.00 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.40	0.40 ± 0.01	2.70 ± 0.54
SEL × CO-MAP	24	3.25 ± 0.58	1.50 ± 1.17	1.03 ± 0.78	1.67 ± 0.78	–	–	0.35 ± 0.03	–
COMM × CO-MAP	24	2.20 ± 0.90	1.07 ± 0.30	1.30 ± 0.30	1.33 ± 0.80	1.87 ± 0.30	2.13 ± 0.60	0.41 ± 0.01	2.33 ± 0.81
SEL × AO	36	3.17 ± 0.58	1.08 ± 0.29	1.50 ± 0.80	1.58 ± 0.90	–	–	0.47 ± 0.02	–
COMM × AO	36	2.67 ± 0.78	1.92 ± 1.08	1.25 ± 0.62	1.33 ± 0.49	1.60 ± 0.90	3.13 ± 1.50	0.58 ± 0.05	3.15 ± 1.35
SEL × w/o AO	36	2.00 ± 1.20	1.00 ± 0.00	1.13 ± 0.40	1.07 ± 0.30	–	–	0.60 ± 0.01	–
COMM × w/o AO	36	2.29 ± 1.04	2.50 ± 1.32	1.21 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.68	2.27 ± 0.40	2.13 ± 0.55	1.54 ± 0.33	2.79 ± 0.63
PVC × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.10	1.46 ± 0.40	1.19 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.05	1.60 ± 0.45	3.13 ± 0.75	0.59 ± 0.05	2.24 ± 0.09
PVC × w/o AO	24	1.97 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.05	1.54 ± 0.02	1.69 ± 0.10	1.84 ± 0.09	2.19 ± 0.46	1.10 ± 0.12	2.27 ± 0.10
O₂-MAP × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.08	1.82 ± 0.03	1.71 ± 0.33	1.23 ± 0.04	2.20 ± 0.50	2.20 ± 0.55	0.87 ± 0.01	2.08 ± 0.40
O₂-MAP × w/o AO	24	2.04 ± 0.10	1.91 ± 0.06	1.93 ± 0.14	1.41 ± 0.23	3.05 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.29	1.16 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.21
CO-MAP × AO	24	3.08 ± 0.86	1.04 ± 0.02	1.65 ± 0.07	1.09 ± 0.06	2.00 ± 0.40	2.33 ± 0.35	0.44 ± 0.02	3.21 ± 0.70
CO-MAP × w/o AO	24	3.00 ± 0.70	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 1.10	1.80 ± 1.10	2.00 ± 0.80	2.33 ± 0.70	0.51 ± 0.10	2.36 ± 0.09
LSD_0.05		0.35	0.77	0.40	0.62	0.81	0.92	0.29	0.56

	N	Beef flavour	Metallic	Rancid	Livery	Sour/grassy	Tenderness	TBA	WBSF (kg)
Main effects*
SEL	72	2.80 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.08^a	1.52 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.03^a	–	–	0.82 ± 0.15^a	–
COMM	72	2.49 ± 0.33	1.54 ± 0.06^b	1.45 ± 0.09	1.26 ± 0.08^b	2.04 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.10	0.52 ± 0.09^b	2.60 ± 0.03
LSD_0.05^†		n.s.	0.21	n.s.	0.19	NA	NA	0.14	NA
PVC	48	2.02 ± 0.49^b	1.62 ± 0.70^a	1.42 ± 0.45	1.25 ± 0.37^b	2.27 ± 0.10^a	2.37 ± 0.26^a	0.70 ± 0.03^b	2.70 ± 0.54^a
O₂-MAP	48	2.15 ± 0.55^b	1.29 ± 0.49^b	1.56 ± 0.39	1.48 ± 0.50^ab	2.00 ± 0.30^ab	2.17 ± 0.21^b	1.30 ± 0.23^a	2.31 ± 0.81^b
CO-MAP	48	2.72 ± 0.28^a	1.28 ± 0.18^b	1.56 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.39^a	1.87 ± 0.40^b	2.23 ± 0.16^ab	0.41 ± 0.05^b	2.81 ± 0.63^a
LSD_0.05		0.16	0.11	n.s.	0.23	0.30	0.19	0.34	0.38
AO	72	2.53 ± 0.04	1.52 ± 0.51	1.50 ± 0.03	1.34 ± 0.42	1.93 ± 0.20	1.93 ± 0.45	0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.20
w/o AO	72	2.09 ± 0.50	1.40 ± 0.45	1.52 ± 0.43	1.41 ± 0.03	2.05 ± 0.50	2.05 ± 0.35	0.87 ± 0.02	2.70 ± 0.14
LSD_0.05		n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Two-way interactions
SEL × PVC	24	2.58 ± 0.99	2.25 ± 1.14	1.58 ± 0.90	1.50 ± 0.67	–	–	0.82 ± 0.42	–
COMM × PVC	24	3.07 ± 1.40	1.00 ± 0.00	1.27 ± 0.60	1.00 ± 0.00	2.88 ± 0.33	1.58 ± 0.06	1.01 ± 0.01	3.33 ± 0.67
SEL × O₂-MAP	24	2.83 ± 1.11	1.58 ± 0.99	1.33 ± 0.49	1.50 ± 1.00	–	–	1.18 ± 0.51	–
COMM × O₂-MAP	24	2.27 ± 1.10	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 0.90	1.47 ± 0.80	2.00 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.40	0.40 ± 0.01	2.70 ± 0.54
SEL × CO-MAP	24	3.25 ± 0.58	1.50 ± 1.17	1.03 ± 0.78	1.67 ± 0.78	–	–	0.35 ± 0.03	–
COMM × CO-MAP	24	2.20 ± 0.90	1.07 ± 0.30	1.30 ± 0.30	1.33 ± 0.80	1.87 ± 0.30	2.13 ± 0.60	0.41 ± 0.01	2.33 ± 0.81
SEL × AO	36	3.17 ± 0.58	1.08 ± 0.29	1.50 ± 0.80	1.58 ± 0.90	–	–	0.47 ± 0.02	–
COMM × AO	36	2.67 ± 0.78	1.92 ± 1.08	1.25 ± 0.62	1.33 ± 0.49	1.60 ± 0.90	3.13 ± 1.50	0.58 ± 0.05	3.15 ± 1.35
SEL × w/o AO	36	2.00 ± 1.20	1.00 ± 0.00	1.13 ± 0.40	1.07 ± 0.30	–	–	0.60 ± 0.01	–
COMM × w/o AO	36	2.29 ± 1.04	2.50 ± 1.32	1.21 ± 0.41	1.25 ± 0.68	2.27 ± 0.40	2.13 ± 0.55	1.54 ± 0.33	2.79 ± 0.63
PVC × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.10	1.46 ± 0.40	1.19 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.05	1.60 ± 0.45	3.13 ± 0.75	0.59 ± 0.05	2.24 ± 0.09
PVC × w/o AO	24	1.97 ± 0.07	1.66 ± 0.05	1.54 ± 0.02	1.69 ± 0.10	1.84 ± 0.09	2.19 ± 0.46	1.10 ± 0.12	2.27 ± 0.10
O₂-MAP × AO	24	2.34 ± 0.08	1.82 ± 0.03	1.71 ± 0.33	1.23 ± 0.04	2.20 ± 0.50	2.20 ± 0.55	0.87 ± 0.01	2.08 ± 0.40
O₂-MAP × w/o AO	24	2.04 ± 0.10	1.91 ± 0.06	1.93 ± 0.14	1.41 ± 0.23	3.05 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.29	1.16 ± 0.03	2.56 ± 0.21
CO-MAP × AO	24	3.08 ± 0.86	1.04 ± 0.02	1.65 ± 0.07	1.09 ± 0.06	2.00 ± 0.40	2.33 ± 0.35	0.44 ± 0.02	3.21 ± 0.70
CO-MAP × w/o AO	24	3.00 ± 0.70	1.00 ± 0.00	1.80 ± 1.10	1.80 ± 1.10	2.00 ± 0.80	2.33 ± 0.70	0.51 ± 0.10	2.36 ± 0.09
LSD_0.05		0.35	0.77	0.40	0.62	0.81	0.92	0.29	0.56

*SEL, select grade IF; COMM, commercial grade IF; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; MAP, modified atmospheric packaging; CO, carbon monoxide; AO, antioxidants (0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate + 500 ppm ascorbic acid).

^†LSD, Fisher’s least significant difference among means. Main or interaction means within a column with a difference greater than the LSD value are different (P < 0.05).

^a,b,cMeans within a column with the same letter are not different (P < 0.05); NA, not applicable.

O₂-MAP, oxygen-modified atmospheric packaging; CO-MAP, carbon monoxide-modified atmospheric packaging.

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