| Approaches . | Test options . | Lost . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recent practice for GM foods and crops in the United States and European Union (EU) | Coarse chemical analyses | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for GM foods and crops in the EU | Slightly finer chemical analysis and some short-term farm-animal feeding studies | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Officially envisaged future (in the EU) for GM foods and crops | Far finer chemical analyses: including proteomics and metabolomics as well as laboratory animal feeding studies, farm-scale cultivation trials for crops | Medium | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for additives and pesticides | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and studies on (400) live animals, and some immunological testing, but no human trials | High | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for pharmaceutical products | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and live animal studies, some immunological testing and some clinical trials | Very high | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Approaches . | Test options . | Lost . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recent practice for GM foods and crops in the United States and European Union (EU) | Coarse chemical analyses | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for GM foods and crops in the EU | Slightly finer chemical analysis and some short-term farm-animal feeding studies | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Officially envisaged future (in the EU) for GM foods and crops | Far finer chemical analyses: including proteomics and metabolomics as well as laboratory animal feeding studies, farm-scale cultivation trials for crops | Medium | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for additives and pesticides | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and studies on (400) live animals, and some immunological testing, but no human trials | High | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for pharmaceutical products | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and live animal studies, some immunological testing and some clinical trials | Very high | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Approaches . | Test options . | Lost . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recent practice for GM foods and crops in the United States and European Union (EU) | Coarse chemical analyses | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for GM foods and crops in the EU | Slightly finer chemical analysis and some short-term farm-animal feeding studies | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Officially envisaged future (in the EU) for GM foods and crops | Far finer chemical analyses: including proteomics and metabolomics as well as laboratory animal feeding studies, farm-scale cultivation trials for crops | Medium | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for additives and pesticides | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and studies on (400) live animals, and some immunological testing, but no human trials | High | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for pharmaceutical products | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and live animal studies, some immunological testing and some clinical trials | Very high | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Approaches . | Test options . | Lost . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recent practice for GM foods and crops in the United States and European Union (EU) | Coarse chemical analyses | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for GM foods and crops in the EU | Slightly finer chemical analysis and some short-term farm-animal feeding studies | Low | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Officially envisaged future (in the EU) for GM foods and crops | Far finer chemical analyses: including proteomics and metabolomics as well as laboratory animal feeding studies, farm-scale cultivation trials for crops | Medium | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for additives and pesticides | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and studies on (400) live animals, and some immunological testing, but no human trials | High | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
| Current practice for pharmaceutical products | Chemical analyses plus toxicological tests with bacteria and live animal studies, some immunological testing and some clinical trials | Very high | http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/service169.htm |
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