| Variable . | LV responders (n = 136) . | P value . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| NYHA class | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Quality of life | 30.0 (15.0, 44.0) | 12.5 (5.0, 21.0) | <0.001 | 27.0 (17.5, 47.3) | 15.0 (5.0, 26.0) | <0.001 |
| 6MWD, m | 366.5 ± 112.4 | 437.2 ± 101.4 | <0.001 | 376.2 ± 130.8 | 410.6 ± 144.5 | 0.001 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||||
| QRS duration, ms | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 152.3 ± 20.2 | <0.001 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 158.0 ± 23.3 | 0.071 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | 18.0 (−84.0, 216.0) | <0.001 | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 99.0 (−85.0, 200.0) | <0.001 |
| ΔQRS duration, % | — | −8.4 ± 12.2 | — | −2.6 ± 17.8 | ||
| Device characteristics | ||||||
| Biventricular pacing, % | — | 100 (98, 100) | — | 99 (97, 100) | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||
| LVEDV, mL | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 159.4 ± 58.2 | <0.001 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 232.9 ± 110.6 | 0.030 |
| LVESV, mL | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 100.1 ± 43.4 | <0.001 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 174.4 ± 91.8 | 0.151 |
| LVEF, % | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 38.4 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 26.2 ± 6.9 | 0.030 |
| LV GLS, % | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | <0.001 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 0.008 |
| Significant MR, n (%) | 52 (40.3%) | 24 (17.6%) | <0.001 | 26 (46.4%) | 18 (30.0%) | 0.626 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 6.0 (4.6, 7.7) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.3, 5.7) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.8) | 0.691 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.543 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.048 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 69.6 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 66.4 ± 6.1 | 0.014 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 7.0 (4.4, 9.6) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.0) | 0.084 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 78.0 (73.0, 80.0) | <0.001 | 71.0 (64.0, 76.0) | 74.0 (67.5, 77.0) | 0.081 |
| Variable . | LV responders (n = 136) . | P value . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| NYHA class | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Quality of life | 30.0 (15.0, 44.0) | 12.5 (5.0, 21.0) | <0.001 | 27.0 (17.5, 47.3) | 15.0 (5.0, 26.0) | <0.001 |
| 6MWD, m | 366.5 ± 112.4 | 437.2 ± 101.4 | <0.001 | 376.2 ± 130.8 | 410.6 ± 144.5 | 0.001 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||||
| QRS duration, ms | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 152.3 ± 20.2 | <0.001 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 158.0 ± 23.3 | 0.071 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | 18.0 (−84.0, 216.0) | <0.001 | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 99.0 (−85.0, 200.0) | <0.001 |
| ΔQRS duration, % | — | −8.4 ± 12.2 | — | −2.6 ± 17.8 | ||
| Device characteristics | ||||||
| Biventricular pacing, % | — | 100 (98, 100) | — | 99 (97, 100) | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||
| LVEDV, mL | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 159.4 ± 58.2 | <0.001 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 232.9 ± 110.6 | 0.030 |
| LVESV, mL | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 100.1 ± 43.4 | <0.001 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 174.4 ± 91.8 | 0.151 |
| LVEF, % | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 38.4 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 26.2 ± 6.9 | 0.030 |
| LV GLS, % | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | <0.001 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 0.008 |
| Significant MR, n (%) | 52 (40.3%) | 24 (17.6%) | <0.001 | 26 (46.4%) | 18 (30.0%) | 0.626 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 6.0 (4.6, 7.7) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.3, 5.7) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.8) | 0.691 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.543 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.048 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 69.6 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 66.4 ± 6.1 | 0.014 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 7.0 (4.4, 9.6) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.0) | 0.084 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 78.0 (73.0, 80.0) | <0.001 | 71.0 (64.0, 76.0) | 74.0 (67.5, 77.0) | 0.081 |
Bold values represent significant P values (<0.05).
6MWD, 6 min walking distance; HDF, haemodynamic force; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LV GLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association class.
| Variable . | LV responders (n = 136) . | P value . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| NYHA class | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Quality of life | 30.0 (15.0, 44.0) | 12.5 (5.0, 21.0) | <0.001 | 27.0 (17.5, 47.3) | 15.0 (5.0, 26.0) | <0.001 |
| 6MWD, m | 366.5 ± 112.4 | 437.2 ± 101.4 | <0.001 | 376.2 ± 130.8 | 410.6 ± 144.5 | 0.001 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||||
| QRS duration, ms | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 152.3 ± 20.2 | <0.001 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 158.0 ± 23.3 | 0.071 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | 18.0 (−84.0, 216.0) | <0.001 | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 99.0 (−85.0, 200.0) | <0.001 |
| ΔQRS duration, % | — | −8.4 ± 12.2 | — | −2.6 ± 17.8 | ||
| Device characteristics | ||||||
| Biventricular pacing, % | — | 100 (98, 100) | — | 99 (97, 100) | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||
| LVEDV, mL | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 159.4 ± 58.2 | <0.001 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 232.9 ± 110.6 | 0.030 |
| LVESV, mL | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 100.1 ± 43.4 | <0.001 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 174.4 ± 91.8 | 0.151 |
| LVEF, % | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 38.4 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 26.2 ± 6.9 | 0.030 |
| LV GLS, % | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | <0.001 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 0.008 |
| Significant MR, n (%) | 52 (40.3%) | 24 (17.6%) | <0.001 | 26 (46.4%) | 18 (30.0%) | 0.626 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 6.0 (4.6, 7.7) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.3, 5.7) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.8) | 0.691 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.543 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.048 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 69.6 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 66.4 ± 6.1 | 0.014 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 7.0 (4.4, 9.6) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.0) | 0.084 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 78.0 (73.0, 80.0) | <0.001 | 71.0 (64.0, 76.0) | 74.0 (67.5, 77.0) | 0.081 |
| Variable . | LV responders (n = 136) . | P value . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . | Before CRT . | After CRT . | . |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| NYHA class | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Quality of life | 30.0 (15.0, 44.0) | 12.5 (5.0, 21.0) | <0.001 | 27.0 (17.5, 47.3) | 15.0 (5.0, 26.0) | <0.001 |
| 6MWD, m | 366.5 ± 112.4 | 437.2 ± 101.4 | <0.001 | 376.2 ± 130.8 | 410.6 ± 144.5 | 0.001 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||||
| QRS duration, ms | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 152.3 ± 20.2 | <0.001 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 158.0 ± 23.3 | 0.071 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | 18.0 (−84.0, 216.0) | <0.001 | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 99.0 (−85.0, 200.0) | <0.001 |
| ΔQRS duration, % | — | −8.4 ± 12.2 | — | −2.6 ± 17.8 | ||
| Device characteristics | ||||||
| Biventricular pacing, % | — | 100 (98, 100) | — | 99 (97, 100) | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||
| LVEDV, mL | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 159.4 ± 58.2 | <0.001 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 232.9 ± 110.6 | 0.030 |
| LVESV, mL | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 100.1 ± 43.4 | <0.001 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 174.4 ± 91.8 | 0.151 |
| LVEF, % | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 38.4 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 26.2 ± 6.9 | 0.030 |
| LV GLS, % | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | <0.001 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 3.6 | 0.008 |
| Significant MR, n (%) | 52 (40.3%) | 24 (17.6%) | <0.001 | 26 (46.4%) | 18 (30.0%) | 0.626 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 6.0 (4.6, 7.7) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.3, 5.7) | 4.5 (3.2, 5.8) | 0.691 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.543 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 0.048 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 69.6 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 66.4 ± 6.1 | 0.014 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 7.0 (4.4, 9.6) | <0.001 | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.0) | 0.084 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 78.0 (73.0, 80.0) | <0.001 | 71.0 (64.0, 76.0) | 74.0 (67.5, 77.0) | 0.081 |
Bold values represent significant P values (<0.05).
6MWD, 6 min walking distance; HDF, haemodynamic force; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LV GLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association class.
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