| Variable . | Overall (n = 196) . | LV responders (n = 136) . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 63.8 ± 10.5 | 64.2 ± 9.5 | 63.0 ± 12.7 | 0.448 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 122 (62.2%) | 85 (62.5%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.912 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 0.868 |
| NYHA III or IV, n (%) | 128 (65.6%) | 87 (64.0%) | 41 (69.5%) | 0.456 |
| Quality of life | 29.0 (16.0, 44.5) | 30 (15.0, 44.0) | 27 (17.5, 24.3) | 0.713 |
| 6MWD, m | 368.0 ± 117.6 | 365.2 ± 114.2 | 375.3 ± 127.5 | 0.648 |
| ECG variables | ||||
| Baseline rhythm | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 180 (91.8%) | 128 (94.1%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.079 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 15 (7.7%) | 7 (5.1%) | 8 (13.3%) | 0.047 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.694 |
| QRS duration, ms | 166.3 ± 20.2 | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 0.485 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.5, 7.0) | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 0.823 |
| Medication | ||||
| Combination of 3 HF therapies | 70 (35.7%) | 49 (36.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | 0.890 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 160 (81.6%) | 109 (80.1%) | 51 (85.0%) | 0.419 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 178 (90.8%) | 125 (91.9%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.424 |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 153 (78.1%) | 100 (73.5%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.021 |
| MRA, n (%) | 92 (46.9%) | 63 (46.3%) | 29 (48.3%) | 0.795 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 214.8 ± 80.4 | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 0.385 |
| LV end-systolic volume, mL | 162.1 ± 66.9 | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 0.317 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 25.3 ± 6.3 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 0.228 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m² | 40.3 ± 16.9 | 38.1 ± 15.5 | 45.6 ± 19.1 | 0.006 |
| Significant MR, n (%) or severe MR | 78 (42.2%) | 52 (40.3%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.439 |
| Significant AR, n (%) | 18 (9.2%) | 9 (6.6%) | 9 (15.0%) | 0.061 |
| Significant AS, n (%) | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.052 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.8 (3.5, 6.3) | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 4.4 (3.3, 5.7) | 0.085 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 0.321 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 66.2 ± 6.1 | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 0.002 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 4.8 (3.3, 6.5) | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 0.012 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (70.0, 78.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 71.0 (65.0 76.0) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | Overall (n = 196) . | LV responders (n = 136) . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 63.8 ± 10.5 | 64.2 ± 9.5 | 63.0 ± 12.7 | 0.448 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 122 (62.2%) | 85 (62.5%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.912 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 0.868 |
| NYHA III or IV, n (%) | 128 (65.6%) | 87 (64.0%) | 41 (69.5%) | 0.456 |
| Quality of life | 29.0 (16.0, 44.5) | 30 (15.0, 44.0) | 27 (17.5, 24.3) | 0.713 |
| 6MWD, m | 368.0 ± 117.6 | 365.2 ± 114.2 | 375.3 ± 127.5 | 0.648 |
| ECG variables | ||||
| Baseline rhythm | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 180 (91.8%) | 128 (94.1%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.079 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 15 (7.7%) | 7 (5.1%) | 8 (13.3%) | 0.047 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.694 |
| QRS duration, ms | 166.3 ± 20.2 | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 0.485 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.5, 7.0) | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 0.823 |
| Medication | ||||
| Combination of 3 HF therapies | 70 (35.7%) | 49 (36.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | 0.890 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 160 (81.6%) | 109 (80.1%) | 51 (85.0%) | 0.419 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 178 (90.8%) | 125 (91.9%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.424 |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 153 (78.1%) | 100 (73.5%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.021 |
| MRA, n (%) | 92 (46.9%) | 63 (46.3%) | 29 (48.3%) | 0.795 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 214.8 ± 80.4 | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 0.385 |
| LV end-systolic volume, mL | 162.1 ± 66.9 | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 0.317 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 25.3 ± 6.3 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 0.228 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m² | 40.3 ± 16.9 | 38.1 ± 15.5 | 45.6 ± 19.1 | 0.006 |
| Significant MR, n (%) or severe MR | 78 (42.2%) | 52 (40.3%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.439 |
| Significant AR, n (%) | 18 (9.2%) | 9 (6.6%) | 9 (15.0%) | 0.061 |
| Significant AS, n (%) | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.052 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.8 (3.5, 6.3) | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 4.4 (3.3, 5.7) | 0.085 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 0.321 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 66.2 ± 6.1 | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 0.002 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 4.8 (3.3, 6.5) | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 0.012 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (70.0, 78.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 71.0 (65.0 76.0) | <0.001 |
Bold values represent significant P values (<0.05).
6MWD, 6 min walking distance; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AR, aortic regurgitation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AS, aortic stenosis; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association class.
| Variable . | Overall (n = 196) . | LV responders (n = 136) . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 63.8 ± 10.5 | 64.2 ± 9.5 | 63.0 ± 12.7 | 0.448 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 122 (62.2%) | 85 (62.5%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.912 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 0.868 |
| NYHA III or IV, n (%) | 128 (65.6%) | 87 (64.0%) | 41 (69.5%) | 0.456 |
| Quality of life | 29.0 (16.0, 44.5) | 30 (15.0, 44.0) | 27 (17.5, 24.3) | 0.713 |
| 6MWD, m | 368.0 ± 117.6 | 365.2 ± 114.2 | 375.3 ± 127.5 | 0.648 |
| ECG variables | ||||
| Baseline rhythm | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 180 (91.8%) | 128 (94.1%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.079 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 15 (7.7%) | 7 (5.1%) | 8 (13.3%) | 0.047 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.694 |
| QRS duration, ms | 166.3 ± 20.2 | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 0.485 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.5, 7.0) | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 0.823 |
| Medication | ||||
| Combination of 3 HF therapies | 70 (35.7%) | 49 (36.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | 0.890 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 160 (81.6%) | 109 (80.1%) | 51 (85.0%) | 0.419 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 178 (90.8%) | 125 (91.9%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.424 |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 153 (78.1%) | 100 (73.5%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.021 |
| MRA, n (%) | 92 (46.9%) | 63 (46.3%) | 29 (48.3%) | 0.795 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 214.8 ± 80.4 | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 0.385 |
| LV end-systolic volume, mL | 162.1 ± 66.9 | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 0.317 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 25.3 ± 6.3 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 0.228 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m² | 40.3 ± 16.9 | 38.1 ± 15.5 | 45.6 ± 19.1 | 0.006 |
| Significant MR, n (%) or severe MR | 78 (42.2%) | 52 (40.3%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.439 |
| Significant AR, n (%) | 18 (9.2%) | 9 (6.6%) | 9 (15.0%) | 0.061 |
| Significant AS, n (%) | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.052 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.8 (3.5, 6.3) | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 4.4 (3.3, 5.7) | 0.085 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 0.321 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 66.2 ± 6.1 | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 0.002 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 4.8 (3.3, 6.5) | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 0.012 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (70.0, 78.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 71.0 (65.0 76.0) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | Overall (n = 196) . | LV responders (n = 136) . | LV non-responders (n = 60) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 63.8 ± 10.5 | 64.2 ± 9.5 | 63.0 ± 12.7 | 0.448 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 122 (62.2%) | 85 (62.5%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.912 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 0.868 |
| NYHA III or IV, n (%) | 128 (65.6%) | 87 (64.0%) | 41 (69.5%) | 0.456 |
| Quality of life | 29.0 (16.0, 44.5) | 30 (15.0, 44.0) | 27 (17.5, 24.3) | 0.713 |
| 6MWD, m | 368.0 ± 117.6 | 365.2 ± 114.2 | 375.3 ± 127.5 | 0.648 |
| ECG variables | ||||
| Baseline rhythm | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 180 (91.8%) | 128 (94.1%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.079 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 15 (7.7%) | 7 (5.1%) | 8 (13.3%) | 0.047 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.694 |
| QRS duration, ms | 166.3 ± 20.2 | 167.0 ± 18.0 | 164.8 ± 24.6 | 0.485 |
| QRS axis, ° | −26.0 (−47.5, 7.0) | −26.0 (−47.0, 6.5) | −28.0 (−48.0, 13.0) | 0.823 |
| Medication | ||||
| Combination of 3 HF therapies | 70 (35.7%) | 49 (36.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | 0.890 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 160 (81.6%) | 109 (80.1%) | 51 (85.0%) | 0.419 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 178 (90.8%) | 125 (91.9%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.424 |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 153 (78.1%) | 100 (73.5%) | 53 (88.3%) | 0.021 |
| MRA, n (%) | 92 (46.9%) | 63 (46.3%) | 29 (48.3%) | 0.795 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 214.8 ± 80.4 | 211.5 ± 70.8 | 222.3 ± 98.9 | 0.385 |
| LV end-systolic volume, mL | 162.1 ± 66.9 | 158.9 ± 60.0 | 169.3 ± 80.8 | 0.317 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 25.3 ± 6.3 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 24.5 ± 5.9 | 0.228 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, % | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 6.2 ± 3.0 | 0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m² | 40.3 ± 16.9 | 38.1 ± 15.5 | 45.6 ± 19.1 | 0.006 |
| Significant MR, n (%) or severe MR | 78 (42.2%) | 52 (40.3%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.439 |
| Significant AR, n (%) | 18 (9.2%) | 9 (6.6%) | 9 (15.0%) | 0.061 |
| Significant AS, n (%) | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.052 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the complete heart cycle | ||||
| Apical–basal strength, % | 4.8 (3.5, 6.3) | 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) | 4.4 (3.3, 5.7) | 0.085 |
| Lateral–septal strength, % | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 0.321 |
| Force vector angle, ° | 66.2 ± 6.1 | 67.1 ± 5.8 | 64.1 ± 6.4 | 0.002 |
| Haemodynamic force parameters in the systolic thrust | ||||
| Apical–basal impulse, % | 4.8 (3.3, 6.5) | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | 3.4 (2.8, 6.1) | 0.012 |
| Systolic force vector angle, ° | 74.0 (70.0, 78.0) | 74.0 (71.0, 78.0) | 71.0 (65.0 76.0) | <0.001 |
Bold values represent significant P values (<0.05).
6MWD, 6 min walking distance; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AR, aortic regurgitation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AS, aortic stenosis; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association class.
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