| Variable . | Overall n = 601 . | LARS-DD Grade 0/1 n = 169 . | LARS-DD Grade 2 n = 96 . | LARS-DD Grade 3 n = 336 . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV end-diastolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 24.9 (22.5–28.0) | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) | 25.1 (22.5–28.1) | 25.1 (22.5–28.7) | 0.068 |
| LV end-systolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 17.3 (14.1–20.4) | 15.5 (13.4–19.0) | 17.1 (14.3–21.1) | 17.7 (14.8–21.5)* | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 121 (100–147) | 112 (91–133) | 122 (103–142) | 126 (104–151)* | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 47 (37–60) | 44 (35–55) | 49 (39–61) | 47 (38–64)* | 0.019 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 19 (13–30) | 16 (12–23) | 19 (14–28)* | 21 (14–36)* | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 58 (48–65) | 63 (56–69) | 60 (50–66)* | 55 (43–62)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 40 (31–51) | 33 (26–39) | 35 (27–44) | 47 (37–58)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 38 (31–47) | 43 (35–51) | 39 (32–47) | 35 (29–43)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Aortic peak velocity, m/s | 4.00 (3.48–4.44) | 4.09 (3.66–4.51) | 4.14 (3.64–4.65) | 3.90 (3.36–4.36)*, ** | 0.001 |
| Aortic mean pressure gradient, mmHg | 41 (31–52) | 43 (34–54) | 42 (35–56) | 39 (30–49)*, ** | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve area, cm | 0.78 (0.62–0.93) | 0.83 (0.70–0.96) | 0.73 (0.59–0.93)* | 0.76 (0.60–0.92)* | 0.001 |
| Significant aortic regurgitation | 95 (16%) | 15 (9.2%) | 16 (17%) | 64 (19%)* | 0.016 |
| Mean mitral pressure gradient, mmHg | 2.22 (1.58–3.32) | 2.05 (1.51–2.85) | 2.02 (1.61–3.13) | 2.35 (1.60–3.55)* | 0.008 |
| Significant mitral regurgitation | 126 (21%) | 16 (9.8%) | 8 (8.3%) | 102 (31%)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Average e′ velocity, cm/s | 5.09 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) | 0.070 |
| E/e′ | 16 (12–22) | 13 (10–18) | 14 (11–19) | 17 (13–26)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity, m/s | 2.65 (2.36–3.01) | 2.55 (2.22–2.73) | 2.52 (2.26–2.82) | 2.78 (2.48–3.18)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow E-wave velocity, cm/s | 87 (66–114) | 70 (56–87) | 76 (58–93) | 103 (81–126)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow A-wave velocity, cm/s | 98 (76–123) | 102 (87–122) | 99 (80–124) | 94 (65–124) | 0.033 |
| Mitral inflow E/A ratio | 0.77 (0.59–1.15) | 0.66 (0.57–0.84) | 0.69 (0.57–0.89) | 1.04 (0.69–1.47)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Conventional multi-parametric diastolic dysfunction gradinga | <0.001 | ||||
| Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction | 198 (45%) | 104 (65%) | 51 (59%) | 43 (22%) | |
| Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction | 205 (47%) | 53 (33%) | 35 (41%) | 117 (60%) | |
| Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction | 37 (8.4%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (18%) | |
| LV global longitudinal strain (%) | −13.6 (−10.7 to −16.4) | −16.2 (−13.4 to −18.3) | −14.6 (−11.7 to −17.6) | −12.2 (−9.2 to −14.7) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | Overall n = 601 . | LARS-DD Grade 0/1 n = 169 . | LARS-DD Grade 2 n = 96 . | LARS-DD Grade 3 n = 336 . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV end-diastolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 24.9 (22.5–28.0) | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) | 25.1 (22.5–28.1) | 25.1 (22.5–28.7) | 0.068 |
| LV end-systolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 17.3 (14.1–20.4) | 15.5 (13.4–19.0) | 17.1 (14.3–21.1) | 17.7 (14.8–21.5)* | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 121 (100–147) | 112 (91–133) | 122 (103–142) | 126 (104–151)* | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 47 (37–60) | 44 (35–55) | 49 (39–61) | 47 (38–64)* | 0.019 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 19 (13–30) | 16 (12–23) | 19 (14–28)* | 21 (14–36)* | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 58 (48–65) | 63 (56–69) | 60 (50–66)* | 55 (43–62)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 40 (31–51) | 33 (26–39) | 35 (27–44) | 47 (37–58)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 38 (31–47) | 43 (35–51) | 39 (32–47) | 35 (29–43)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Aortic peak velocity, m/s | 4.00 (3.48–4.44) | 4.09 (3.66–4.51) | 4.14 (3.64–4.65) | 3.90 (3.36–4.36)*, ** | 0.001 |
| Aortic mean pressure gradient, mmHg | 41 (31–52) | 43 (34–54) | 42 (35–56) | 39 (30–49)*, ** | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve area, cm | 0.78 (0.62–0.93) | 0.83 (0.70–0.96) | 0.73 (0.59–0.93)* | 0.76 (0.60–0.92)* | 0.001 |
| Significant aortic regurgitation | 95 (16%) | 15 (9.2%) | 16 (17%) | 64 (19%)* | 0.016 |
| Mean mitral pressure gradient, mmHg | 2.22 (1.58–3.32) | 2.05 (1.51–2.85) | 2.02 (1.61–3.13) | 2.35 (1.60–3.55)* | 0.008 |
| Significant mitral regurgitation | 126 (21%) | 16 (9.8%) | 8 (8.3%) | 102 (31%)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Average e′ velocity, cm/s | 5.09 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) | 0.070 |
| E/e′ | 16 (12–22) | 13 (10–18) | 14 (11–19) | 17 (13–26)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity, m/s | 2.65 (2.36–3.01) | 2.55 (2.22–2.73) | 2.52 (2.26–2.82) | 2.78 (2.48–3.18)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow E-wave velocity, cm/s | 87 (66–114) | 70 (56–87) | 76 (58–93) | 103 (81–126)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow A-wave velocity, cm/s | 98 (76–123) | 102 (87–122) | 99 (80–124) | 94 (65–124) | 0.033 |
| Mitral inflow E/A ratio | 0.77 (0.59–1.15) | 0.66 (0.57–0.84) | 0.69 (0.57–0.89) | 1.04 (0.69–1.47)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Conventional multi-parametric diastolic dysfunction gradinga | <0.001 | ||||
| Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction | 198 (45%) | 104 (65%) | 51 (59%) | 43 (22%) | |
| Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction | 205 (47%) | 53 (33%) | 35 (41%) | 117 (60%) | |
| Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction | 37 (8.4%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (18%) | |
| LV global longitudinal strain (%) | −13.6 (−10.7 to −16.4) | −16.2 (−13.4 to −18.3) | −14.6 (−11.7 to −17.6) | −12.2 (−9.2 to −14.7) | <0.001 |
The values are expressed as median (IQR) and n (%).
LARS-DD, left atrial reservoir strain diastolic dysfunction; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
aIn subset of patients without atrial fibrillation.
*P < 0.05 vs. Group I.
**P < 0.05 vs. Group II.
| Variable . | Overall n = 601 . | LARS-DD Grade 0/1 n = 169 . | LARS-DD Grade 2 n = 96 . | LARS-DD Grade 3 n = 336 . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV end-diastolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 24.9 (22.5–28.0) | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) | 25.1 (22.5–28.1) | 25.1 (22.5–28.7) | 0.068 |
| LV end-systolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 17.3 (14.1–20.4) | 15.5 (13.4–19.0) | 17.1 (14.3–21.1) | 17.7 (14.8–21.5)* | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 121 (100–147) | 112 (91–133) | 122 (103–142) | 126 (104–151)* | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 47 (37–60) | 44 (35–55) | 49 (39–61) | 47 (38–64)* | 0.019 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 19 (13–30) | 16 (12–23) | 19 (14–28)* | 21 (14–36)* | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 58 (48–65) | 63 (56–69) | 60 (50–66)* | 55 (43–62)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 40 (31–51) | 33 (26–39) | 35 (27–44) | 47 (37–58)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 38 (31–47) | 43 (35–51) | 39 (32–47) | 35 (29–43)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Aortic peak velocity, m/s | 4.00 (3.48–4.44) | 4.09 (3.66–4.51) | 4.14 (3.64–4.65) | 3.90 (3.36–4.36)*, ** | 0.001 |
| Aortic mean pressure gradient, mmHg | 41 (31–52) | 43 (34–54) | 42 (35–56) | 39 (30–49)*, ** | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve area, cm | 0.78 (0.62–0.93) | 0.83 (0.70–0.96) | 0.73 (0.59–0.93)* | 0.76 (0.60–0.92)* | 0.001 |
| Significant aortic regurgitation | 95 (16%) | 15 (9.2%) | 16 (17%) | 64 (19%)* | 0.016 |
| Mean mitral pressure gradient, mmHg | 2.22 (1.58–3.32) | 2.05 (1.51–2.85) | 2.02 (1.61–3.13) | 2.35 (1.60–3.55)* | 0.008 |
| Significant mitral regurgitation | 126 (21%) | 16 (9.8%) | 8 (8.3%) | 102 (31%)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Average e′ velocity, cm/s | 5.09 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) | 0.070 |
| E/e′ | 16 (12–22) | 13 (10–18) | 14 (11–19) | 17 (13–26)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity, m/s | 2.65 (2.36–3.01) | 2.55 (2.22–2.73) | 2.52 (2.26–2.82) | 2.78 (2.48–3.18)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow E-wave velocity, cm/s | 87 (66–114) | 70 (56–87) | 76 (58–93) | 103 (81–126)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow A-wave velocity, cm/s | 98 (76–123) | 102 (87–122) | 99 (80–124) | 94 (65–124) | 0.033 |
| Mitral inflow E/A ratio | 0.77 (0.59–1.15) | 0.66 (0.57–0.84) | 0.69 (0.57–0.89) | 1.04 (0.69–1.47)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Conventional multi-parametric diastolic dysfunction gradinga | <0.001 | ||||
| Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction | 198 (45%) | 104 (65%) | 51 (59%) | 43 (22%) | |
| Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction | 205 (47%) | 53 (33%) | 35 (41%) | 117 (60%) | |
| Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction | 37 (8.4%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (18%) | |
| LV global longitudinal strain (%) | −13.6 (−10.7 to −16.4) | −16.2 (−13.4 to −18.3) | −14.6 (−11.7 to −17.6) | −12.2 (−9.2 to −14.7) | <0.001 |
| Variable . | Overall n = 601 . | LARS-DD Grade 0/1 n = 169 . | LARS-DD Grade 2 n = 96 . | LARS-DD Grade 3 n = 336 . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV end-diastolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 24.9 (22.5–28.0) | 24.3 (22.3–26.8) | 25.1 (22.5–28.1) | 25.1 (22.5–28.7) | 0.068 |
| LV end-systolic diameter index, mm/m2 | 17.3 (14.1–20.4) | 15.5 (13.4–19.0) | 17.1 (14.3–21.1) | 17.7 (14.8–21.5)* | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 121 (100–147) | 112 (91–133) | 122 (103–142) | 126 (104–151)* | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 47 (37–60) | 44 (35–55) | 49 (39–61) | 47 (38–64)* | 0.019 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 19 (13–30) | 16 (12–23) | 19 (14–28)* | 21 (14–36)* | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 58 (48–65) | 63 (56–69) | 60 (50–66)* | 55 (43–62)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 40 (31–51) | 33 (26–39) | 35 (27–44) | 47 (37–58)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 38 (31–47) | 43 (35–51) | 39 (32–47) | 35 (29–43)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Aortic peak velocity, m/s | 4.00 (3.48–4.44) | 4.09 (3.66–4.51) | 4.14 (3.64–4.65) | 3.90 (3.36–4.36)*, ** | 0.001 |
| Aortic mean pressure gradient, mmHg | 41 (31–52) | 43 (34–54) | 42 (35–56) | 39 (30–49)*, ** | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve area, cm | 0.78 (0.62–0.93) | 0.83 (0.70–0.96) | 0.73 (0.59–0.93)* | 0.76 (0.60–0.92)* | 0.001 |
| Significant aortic regurgitation | 95 (16%) | 15 (9.2%) | 16 (17%) | 64 (19%)* | 0.016 |
| Mean mitral pressure gradient, mmHg | 2.22 (1.58–3.32) | 2.05 (1.51–2.85) | 2.02 (1.61–3.13) | 2.35 (1.60–3.55)* | 0.008 |
| Significant mitral regurgitation | 126 (21%) | 16 (9.8%) | 8 (8.3%) | 102 (31%)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Average e′ velocity, cm/s | 5.09 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) | 0.070 |
| E/e′ | 16 (12–22) | 13 (10–18) | 14 (11–19) | 17 (13–26)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation maximal velocity, m/s | 2.65 (2.36–3.01) | 2.55 (2.22–2.73) | 2.52 (2.26–2.82) | 2.78 (2.48–3.18)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow E-wave velocity, cm/s | 87 (66–114) | 70 (56–87) | 76 (58–93) | 103 (81–126)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Mitral inflow A-wave velocity, cm/s | 98 (76–123) | 102 (87–122) | 99 (80–124) | 94 (65–124) | 0.033 |
| Mitral inflow E/A ratio | 0.77 (0.59–1.15) | 0.66 (0.57–0.84) | 0.69 (0.57–0.89) | 1.04 (0.69–1.47)*, ** | <0.001 |
| Conventional multi-parametric diastolic dysfunction gradinga | <0.001 | ||||
| Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction | 198 (45%) | 104 (65%) | 51 (59%) | 43 (22%) | |
| Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction | 205 (47%) | 53 (33%) | 35 (41%) | 117 (60%) | |
| Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction | 37 (8.4%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (18%) | |
| LV global longitudinal strain (%) | −13.6 (−10.7 to −16.4) | −16.2 (−13.4 to −18.3) | −14.6 (−11.7 to −17.6) | −12.2 (−9.2 to −14.7) | <0.001 |
The values are expressed as median (IQR) and n (%).
LARS-DD, left atrial reservoir strain diastolic dysfunction; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
aIn subset of patients without atrial fibrillation.
*P < 0.05 vs. Group I.
**P < 0.05 vs. Group II.
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