Table 1.

Reduce, repair, reuse and remanufacture activities of 17 activewear producers.

CodeFirm Name and locationDate Est.ReduceRepairReuseRemanufacture
EU3Houdini, Sweden1993All products made from recycled and recyclable or renewable and naturally biodegradable fibres.Houdini will repair all Houdini garments.

Can rent online or in storeHoudini Reuse for Swedish customers.
EU5Veja, Paris, France2005Repair service (outsourced).Cobbler for repairs in two French stores.Fabric entirely made from recycled plastic bottles. Turning waste into innovative materials. Outsourced partner organisation takes never-launched prototypes, trainers/sneakers with minimal defects and old collections to resell or recycle. Recycling scheme for own brands.
EU8Picture Organic Clothing, Cébazat, France2008Products designed for longevity.Works with repair centres since 2008. Lifetime repair warranty on items.Scraps generated during the manufacturing process reused in product linings. Every lining is a unique mix of colours chosen at random. Recommend consumers upcycle, but this is up to the consumer (no service offered). Rental service as an approach to business diversification and a step towards more recirculation programs. Reconditioned products sold. Circular polyester initiative based on using fibre produced from fabric scraps and used clothing.
EU12Womsh Trainers, Milan, Italy2014Imitation leather made from apple fibre and vegan collection.Can return end-of-life trainers/sneakers. Materials repurposed.Trainers/sneakers collected and processed with the soles used for anti-shock flooring for children’s playgrounds. Those participating receive a 10 Euro discount voucher.
EU13Wilder, Bristol, UK2014Designed for longevity.Repair service. Pad replacement scheme with third-party provider.
EU21Vaude, Tettnang, Germany1974Long-lasting, timeless design, climate-neutral manufacturing.Designed to be easy to repair with additional repair and care instructions provided. Repair service provided.High product quality enables second-hand use. Take-back and recycling scheme and upcycling scheme with global platform as partner.
EU22Filippa K, Stockholm, Sweden199362% of garments are made with mono fibres to make recycling easier. Design for longevity and for the full garment life cycle based around reducing, repairing, reusing and recycling. Circular business model established in 2014.One studio where they wash, repair, and remake garments.Pre-owned space provided to service the Swedish market. Upcycling some materials into new items but not in activewear.Some remaking of garments in the studio in home market. Use of recycled, organic, upcycled materials.
EU24Globe Hope, Harjutie, Finland200395.53% recycled materials.Offers an almost lifetime repair service.Accepts used items from customers in exchange for a voucher. In 2021 established a partnership to enable customers to resell goods. Customers can now return used items and earn 80% of their resale price.
US1REI, Seattle, Washington1938REI Product Sustainability Standard developed in 2018.Provides additional repair guidance to encourage products to be used for a longer period.Trade-in programme and online used gear sales. Buyback used items. Able to swap gently used items for a gift card. Rental scheme.
US6Pact, Boulder, Colorado2009Organic cotton, carbon neutral. Measures the impact of every single product.Give back box—return gently used clothes which are passed on to not-for-profits.
US9Outdoor Voices, Austin, Texas2012Design for longevity and end-of-life. Use of r-PET, recycled wool.Goal to have a repair and take-back programme.Lifecycle solutions to repurpose, repair and recirculate used products.
US16Girlfriend Collective, Seattle, Washington2016Clothes made from recycled material with details of the makeup of each product provided.Return items in exchange for $15 store credit to help the firm close the loop with the items upcycled into new pieces.Makes new products from the firm’s old products.
US 17Wolven, Los Angeles, California.2016Garments cut and sewn locally to reduce logistics. Claim their circular approach extends product life by 2 years (details not provided). Recycled or bio-based fibres.Wolven Pre-loved initiative launched in 2021 with 110% brand credit for every item sold. 1242 users in 2022 and 586 in 2021.
US20Arielle, New York2018Produced locally to reduce logistics. Organic, recycled and zero-waste fabrics.Can resell used garments on company’s website.Old garments can be sent back and then recycled.
US21Mate the Label, Los Angeles2015Eco-friendly materials. All products vegan. Reducing logistics by producing within 15 mile radius of Los Angeles.Scraps used to make new products. Can return old garments for free to make into new garments via a partnership with SuperCircle and obtain credits.Post-industrial and post-consumer recycling. A product range that is moving towards circularity. Scraps recycled. Returned items sorted and recycling partners engage in upcycling or downcycling.
US25Outerknown, Culver City, California2015Smart design to reduce waste. Designed for longevity and made easier to disassemble and recycle.Will repair garments to keep out of landfill.1818 (2023) items kept out of landfill through Outerworn, the firm’s resell platform. Outerworn launched in 2021.Partnership with Project Vermont to repurpose materials into bags, mittens and blankets.
US27éclipse, Longmont, Colorado2002Make in small batches, durable clothing of classic design. Recycled fabric.Takes back used garments as the clothing remains the firm’s responsibility.Scraps saved and recycled into textiles and returned used products.
CodeFirm Name and locationDate Est.ReduceRepairReuseRemanufacture
EU3Houdini, Sweden1993All products made from recycled and recyclable or renewable and naturally biodegradable fibres.Houdini will repair all Houdini garments.

Can rent online or in storeHoudini Reuse for Swedish customers.
EU5Veja, Paris, France2005Repair service (outsourced).Cobbler for repairs in two French stores.Fabric entirely made from recycled plastic bottles. Turning waste into innovative materials. Outsourced partner organisation takes never-launched prototypes, trainers/sneakers with minimal defects and old collections to resell or recycle. Recycling scheme for own brands.
EU8Picture Organic Clothing, Cébazat, France2008Products designed for longevity.Works with repair centres since 2008. Lifetime repair warranty on items.Scraps generated during the manufacturing process reused in product linings. Every lining is a unique mix of colours chosen at random. Recommend consumers upcycle, but this is up to the consumer (no service offered). Rental service as an approach to business diversification and a step towards more recirculation programs. Reconditioned products sold. Circular polyester initiative based on using fibre produced from fabric scraps and used clothing.
EU12Womsh Trainers, Milan, Italy2014Imitation leather made from apple fibre and vegan collection.Can return end-of-life trainers/sneakers. Materials repurposed.Trainers/sneakers collected and processed with the soles used for anti-shock flooring for children’s playgrounds. Those participating receive a 10 Euro discount voucher.
EU13Wilder, Bristol, UK2014Designed for longevity.Repair service. Pad replacement scheme with third-party provider.
EU21Vaude, Tettnang, Germany1974Long-lasting, timeless design, climate-neutral manufacturing.Designed to be easy to repair with additional repair and care instructions provided. Repair service provided.High product quality enables second-hand use. Take-back and recycling scheme and upcycling scheme with global platform as partner.
EU22Filippa K, Stockholm, Sweden199362% of garments are made with mono fibres to make recycling easier. Design for longevity and for the full garment life cycle based around reducing, repairing, reusing and recycling. Circular business model established in 2014.One studio where they wash, repair, and remake garments.Pre-owned space provided to service the Swedish market. Upcycling some materials into new items but not in activewear.Some remaking of garments in the studio in home market. Use of recycled, organic, upcycled materials.
EU24Globe Hope, Harjutie, Finland200395.53% recycled materials.Offers an almost lifetime repair service.Accepts used items from customers in exchange for a voucher. In 2021 established a partnership to enable customers to resell goods. Customers can now return used items and earn 80% of their resale price.
US1REI, Seattle, Washington1938REI Product Sustainability Standard developed in 2018.Provides additional repair guidance to encourage products to be used for a longer period.Trade-in programme and online used gear sales. Buyback used items. Able to swap gently used items for a gift card. Rental scheme.
US6Pact, Boulder, Colorado2009Organic cotton, carbon neutral. Measures the impact of every single product.Give back box—return gently used clothes which are passed on to not-for-profits.
US9Outdoor Voices, Austin, Texas2012Design for longevity and end-of-life. Use of r-PET, recycled wool.Goal to have a repair and take-back programme.Lifecycle solutions to repurpose, repair and recirculate used products.
US16Girlfriend Collective, Seattle, Washington2016Clothes made from recycled material with details of the makeup of each product provided.Return items in exchange for $15 store credit to help the firm close the loop with the items upcycled into new pieces.Makes new products from the firm’s old products.
US 17Wolven, Los Angeles, California.2016Garments cut and sewn locally to reduce logistics. Claim their circular approach extends product life by 2 years (details not provided). Recycled or bio-based fibres.Wolven Pre-loved initiative launched in 2021 with 110% brand credit for every item sold. 1242 users in 2022 and 586 in 2021.
US20Arielle, New York2018Produced locally to reduce logistics. Organic, recycled and zero-waste fabrics.Can resell used garments on company’s website.Old garments can be sent back and then recycled.
US21Mate the Label, Los Angeles2015Eco-friendly materials. All products vegan. Reducing logistics by producing within 15 mile radius of Los Angeles.Scraps used to make new products. Can return old garments for free to make into new garments via a partnership with SuperCircle and obtain credits.Post-industrial and post-consumer recycling. A product range that is moving towards circularity. Scraps recycled. Returned items sorted and recycling partners engage in upcycling or downcycling.
US25Outerknown, Culver City, California2015Smart design to reduce waste. Designed for longevity and made easier to disassemble and recycle.Will repair garments to keep out of landfill.1818 (2023) items kept out of landfill through Outerworn, the firm’s resell platform. Outerworn launched in 2021.Partnership with Project Vermont to repurpose materials into bags, mittens and blankets.
US27éclipse, Longmont, Colorado2002Make in small batches, durable clothing of classic design. Recycled fabric.Takes back used garments as the clothing remains the firm’s responsibility.Scraps saved and recycled into textiles and returned used products.
Table 1.

Reduce, repair, reuse and remanufacture activities of 17 activewear producers.

CodeFirm Name and locationDate Est.ReduceRepairReuseRemanufacture
EU3Houdini, Sweden1993All products made from recycled and recyclable or renewable and naturally biodegradable fibres.Houdini will repair all Houdini garments.

Can rent online or in storeHoudini Reuse for Swedish customers.
EU5Veja, Paris, France2005Repair service (outsourced).Cobbler for repairs in two French stores.Fabric entirely made from recycled plastic bottles. Turning waste into innovative materials. Outsourced partner organisation takes never-launched prototypes, trainers/sneakers with minimal defects and old collections to resell or recycle. Recycling scheme for own brands.
EU8Picture Organic Clothing, Cébazat, France2008Products designed for longevity.Works with repair centres since 2008. Lifetime repair warranty on items.Scraps generated during the manufacturing process reused in product linings. Every lining is a unique mix of colours chosen at random. Recommend consumers upcycle, but this is up to the consumer (no service offered). Rental service as an approach to business diversification and a step towards more recirculation programs. Reconditioned products sold. Circular polyester initiative based on using fibre produced from fabric scraps and used clothing.
EU12Womsh Trainers, Milan, Italy2014Imitation leather made from apple fibre and vegan collection.Can return end-of-life trainers/sneakers. Materials repurposed.Trainers/sneakers collected and processed with the soles used for anti-shock flooring for children’s playgrounds. Those participating receive a 10 Euro discount voucher.
EU13Wilder, Bristol, UK2014Designed for longevity.Repair service. Pad replacement scheme with third-party provider.
EU21Vaude, Tettnang, Germany1974Long-lasting, timeless design, climate-neutral manufacturing.Designed to be easy to repair with additional repair and care instructions provided. Repair service provided.High product quality enables second-hand use. Take-back and recycling scheme and upcycling scheme with global platform as partner.
EU22Filippa K, Stockholm, Sweden199362% of garments are made with mono fibres to make recycling easier. Design for longevity and for the full garment life cycle based around reducing, repairing, reusing and recycling. Circular business model established in 2014.One studio where they wash, repair, and remake garments.Pre-owned space provided to service the Swedish market. Upcycling some materials into new items but not in activewear.Some remaking of garments in the studio in home market. Use of recycled, organic, upcycled materials.
EU24Globe Hope, Harjutie, Finland200395.53% recycled materials.Offers an almost lifetime repair service.Accepts used items from customers in exchange for a voucher. In 2021 established a partnership to enable customers to resell goods. Customers can now return used items and earn 80% of their resale price.
US1REI, Seattle, Washington1938REI Product Sustainability Standard developed in 2018.Provides additional repair guidance to encourage products to be used for a longer period.Trade-in programme and online used gear sales. Buyback used items. Able to swap gently used items for a gift card. Rental scheme.
US6Pact, Boulder, Colorado2009Organic cotton, carbon neutral. Measures the impact of every single product.Give back box—return gently used clothes which are passed on to not-for-profits.
US9Outdoor Voices, Austin, Texas2012Design for longevity and end-of-life. Use of r-PET, recycled wool.Goal to have a repair and take-back programme.Lifecycle solutions to repurpose, repair and recirculate used products.
US16Girlfriend Collective, Seattle, Washington2016Clothes made from recycled material with details of the makeup of each product provided.Return items in exchange for $15 store credit to help the firm close the loop with the items upcycled into new pieces.Makes new products from the firm’s old products.
US 17Wolven, Los Angeles, California.2016Garments cut and sewn locally to reduce logistics. Claim their circular approach extends product life by 2 years (details not provided). Recycled or bio-based fibres.Wolven Pre-loved initiative launched in 2021 with 110% brand credit for every item sold. 1242 users in 2022 and 586 in 2021.
US20Arielle, New York2018Produced locally to reduce logistics. Organic, recycled and zero-waste fabrics.Can resell used garments on company’s website.Old garments can be sent back and then recycled.
US21Mate the Label, Los Angeles2015Eco-friendly materials. All products vegan. Reducing logistics by producing within 15 mile radius of Los Angeles.Scraps used to make new products. Can return old garments for free to make into new garments via a partnership with SuperCircle and obtain credits.Post-industrial and post-consumer recycling. A product range that is moving towards circularity. Scraps recycled. Returned items sorted and recycling partners engage in upcycling or downcycling.
US25Outerknown, Culver City, California2015Smart design to reduce waste. Designed for longevity and made easier to disassemble and recycle.Will repair garments to keep out of landfill.1818 (2023) items kept out of landfill through Outerworn, the firm’s resell platform. Outerworn launched in 2021.Partnership with Project Vermont to repurpose materials into bags, mittens and blankets.
US27éclipse, Longmont, Colorado2002Make in small batches, durable clothing of classic design. Recycled fabric.Takes back used garments as the clothing remains the firm’s responsibility.Scraps saved and recycled into textiles and returned used products.
CodeFirm Name and locationDate Est.ReduceRepairReuseRemanufacture
EU3Houdini, Sweden1993All products made from recycled and recyclable or renewable and naturally biodegradable fibres.Houdini will repair all Houdini garments.

Can rent online or in storeHoudini Reuse for Swedish customers.
EU5Veja, Paris, France2005Repair service (outsourced).Cobbler for repairs in two French stores.Fabric entirely made from recycled plastic bottles. Turning waste into innovative materials. Outsourced partner organisation takes never-launched prototypes, trainers/sneakers with minimal defects and old collections to resell or recycle. Recycling scheme for own brands.
EU8Picture Organic Clothing, Cébazat, France2008Products designed for longevity.Works with repair centres since 2008. Lifetime repair warranty on items.Scraps generated during the manufacturing process reused in product linings. Every lining is a unique mix of colours chosen at random. Recommend consumers upcycle, but this is up to the consumer (no service offered). Rental service as an approach to business diversification and a step towards more recirculation programs. Reconditioned products sold. Circular polyester initiative based on using fibre produced from fabric scraps and used clothing.
EU12Womsh Trainers, Milan, Italy2014Imitation leather made from apple fibre and vegan collection.Can return end-of-life trainers/sneakers. Materials repurposed.Trainers/sneakers collected and processed with the soles used for anti-shock flooring for children’s playgrounds. Those participating receive a 10 Euro discount voucher.
EU13Wilder, Bristol, UK2014Designed for longevity.Repair service. Pad replacement scheme with third-party provider.
EU21Vaude, Tettnang, Germany1974Long-lasting, timeless design, climate-neutral manufacturing.Designed to be easy to repair with additional repair and care instructions provided. Repair service provided.High product quality enables second-hand use. Take-back and recycling scheme and upcycling scheme with global platform as partner.
EU22Filippa K, Stockholm, Sweden199362% of garments are made with mono fibres to make recycling easier. Design for longevity and for the full garment life cycle based around reducing, repairing, reusing and recycling. Circular business model established in 2014.One studio where they wash, repair, and remake garments.Pre-owned space provided to service the Swedish market. Upcycling some materials into new items but not in activewear.Some remaking of garments in the studio in home market. Use of recycled, organic, upcycled materials.
EU24Globe Hope, Harjutie, Finland200395.53% recycled materials.Offers an almost lifetime repair service.Accepts used items from customers in exchange for a voucher. In 2021 established a partnership to enable customers to resell goods. Customers can now return used items and earn 80% of their resale price.
US1REI, Seattle, Washington1938REI Product Sustainability Standard developed in 2018.Provides additional repair guidance to encourage products to be used for a longer period.Trade-in programme and online used gear sales. Buyback used items. Able to swap gently used items for a gift card. Rental scheme.
US6Pact, Boulder, Colorado2009Organic cotton, carbon neutral. Measures the impact of every single product.Give back box—return gently used clothes which are passed on to not-for-profits.
US9Outdoor Voices, Austin, Texas2012Design for longevity and end-of-life. Use of r-PET, recycled wool.Goal to have a repair and take-back programme.Lifecycle solutions to repurpose, repair and recirculate used products.
US16Girlfriend Collective, Seattle, Washington2016Clothes made from recycled material with details of the makeup of each product provided.Return items in exchange for $15 store credit to help the firm close the loop with the items upcycled into new pieces.Makes new products from the firm’s old products.
US 17Wolven, Los Angeles, California.2016Garments cut and sewn locally to reduce logistics. Claim their circular approach extends product life by 2 years (details not provided). Recycled or bio-based fibres.Wolven Pre-loved initiative launched in 2021 with 110% brand credit for every item sold. 1242 users in 2022 and 586 in 2021.
US20Arielle, New York2018Produced locally to reduce logistics. Organic, recycled and zero-waste fabrics.Can resell used garments on company’s website.Old garments can be sent back and then recycled.
US21Mate the Label, Los Angeles2015Eco-friendly materials. All products vegan. Reducing logistics by producing within 15 mile radius of Los Angeles.Scraps used to make new products. Can return old garments for free to make into new garments via a partnership with SuperCircle and obtain credits.Post-industrial and post-consumer recycling. A product range that is moving towards circularity. Scraps recycled. Returned items sorted and recycling partners engage in upcycling or downcycling.
US25Outerknown, Culver City, California2015Smart design to reduce waste. Designed for longevity and made easier to disassemble and recycle.Will repair garments to keep out of landfill.1818 (2023) items kept out of landfill through Outerworn, the firm’s resell platform. Outerworn launched in 2021.Partnership with Project Vermont to repurpose materials into bags, mittens and blankets.
US27éclipse, Longmont, Colorado2002Make in small batches, durable clothing of classic design. Recycled fabric.Takes back used garments as the clothing remains the firm’s responsibility.Scraps saved and recycled into textiles and returned used products.
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