Table 2:
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Model parameters for success on the production task. Dictionary is the reference level. Model formula: Success ~ Tool + (1 + Tool | Item) + (1 | Version/Participant).

Predictors (Production)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)1.198
[0.737 – 1.949]		0.466
ChatGPT5.380
[3.545 – 8.164]		< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant:Version0.217
τ00 Item0.560
τ00 Version0.059
τ11 Item.ToolChatGPT0.680
ρ01 Item0.232
ICC0.285
Observations4452
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.133 / 0.381
Predictors (Production)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)1.198
[0.737 – 1.949]		0.466
ChatGPT5.380
[3.545 – 8.164]		< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant:Version0.217
τ00 Item0.560
τ00 Version0.059
τ11 Item.ToolChatGPT0.680
ρ01 Item0.232
ICC0.285
Observations4452
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.133 / 0.381
Table 2:
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Model parameters for success on the production task. Dictionary is the reference level. Model formula: Success ~ Tool + (1 + Tool | Item) + (1 | Version/Participant).

Predictors (Production)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)1.198
[0.737 – 1.949]		0.466
ChatGPT5.380
[3.545 – 8.164]		< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant:Version0.217
τ00 Item0.560
τ00 Version0.059
τ11 Item.ToolChatGPT0.680
ρ01 Item0.232
ICC0.285
Observations4452
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.133 / 0.381
Predictors (Production)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)1.198
[0.737 – 1.949]		0.466
ChatGPT5.380
[3.545 – 8.164]		< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant:Version0.217
τ00 Item0.560
τ00 Version0.059
τ11 Item.ToolChatGPT0.680
ρ01 Item0.232
ICC0.285
Observations4452
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.133 / 0.381
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