Table 1:

Model parameters for success in the reception task. Dictionary is the reference level. Model formula: Success ~ Tool + (1 + Tool | Item) + (1 | Participant).

Predictors (Reception)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)3.046
[2.263 – 4.099]
< 0.001
ChatGPT3.462
[2.483 – 4.826]
< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant0.144
τ00 Item0.379
τ11 Item.Tool[ChatGPT]0.327
ρ01 Item0.508
ICC0.208
Observations4451
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.085 / 0.275
Predictors (Reception)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)3.046
[2.263 – 4.099]
< 0.001
ChatGPT3.462
[2.483 – 4.826]
< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant0.144
τ00 Item0.379
τ11 Item.Tool[ChatGPT]0.327
ρ01 Item0.508
ICC0.208
Observations4451
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.085 / 0.275
Table 1:

Model parameters for success in the reception task. Dictionary is the reference level. Model formula: Success ~ Tool + (1 + Tool | Item) + (1 | Participant).

Predictors (Reception)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)3.046
[2.263 – 4.099]
< 0.001
ChatGPT3.462
[2.483 – 4.826]
< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant0.144
τ00 Item0.379
τ11 Item.Tool[ChatGPT]0.327
ρ01 Item0.508
ICC0.208
Observations4451
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.085 / 0.275
Predictors (Reception)Odds Ratios [95% CI]p-level
Intercept (= Dictionary)3.046
[2.263 – 4.099]
< 0.001
ChatGPT3.462
[2.483 – 4.826]
< 0.001
Random Effects
σ23.290
τ00 Participant0.144
τ00 Item0.379
τ11 Item.Tool[ChatGPT]0.327
ρ01 Item0.508
ICC0.208
Observations4451
Marginal R2 / Conditional R20.085 / 0.275
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