Table 1
Open in new tab

Baseline Characteristics of the Patient Samplea

Baseline VariableAll Patients (n = 274)Black (n = 51)Non-Hispanic White (n = 223)PMean Difference (95% CI)
Age, mean y (SD)51.6 (14.9)48.5 (15.4)52.3 (14.8).103.8 (−0.73 to 8.3)
Sex, n female (%)180 (65.7.2%)36 (70.6%)144 (64.6%).41
Living situation, n married or living with significant other (%)187 (68.2%)26 (51.0%)161 (72.2%).003b
Education, n with college degree (%)150 (54.9%) (n = 273)24 (47.1%)126 (56.8%) (n = 222).21
Currently working full-time, n (%)129 (47.6%) (n = 271)28 (56.0%) (n = 50)101 (45.7%) (n = 221).19
Body mass index, mean kg/m2 (SD)29.7 (7.9)32.3 (10.2)29.1 (7.2).009b−3.5 (−6.1 to −0.82)
Current smoker, n (%)15 (5.5%)2 (3.9%)13 (5.8%).12
Diabetes, n (%)43 (16.0%) (n = 268)11 (21.6%)32 (14.7%) (n = 217).23
Depression, n (%)58 (21.6%) (n = 268)9 (18.0%) (n = 50)49 (22.5%) (n = 218).48
Anxiety, n (%)64 (24.0%) (n = 264)6 (12.2%) (n = 49)58 (26.2%) (n = 218).033b
Hypertension, n (%)89 (33.0%) (n = 270)23 (45.1%)66 (30.1%) (n = 219).041b
Prior physical therapy for spine pain, n (%)121 (44.2%)22 (43.1%)99 (4.4%).87
Prior spine surgery, n (%)42 (15.3%)6 (11.8%)36 (16.1%).43
Pain duration >6 mo, n (%)207 (77.0%) (n = 269)35 (72.9%) (n = 48)172 (77.8%) (n = 221).43
Worst pain intensity in past 24 h, mean (SD)6.7 (2.2)7.3 (1.9)6.5 (2.3).021b−0.80 (−1.5 to −0.12)
Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD)20.0 (12.8) (n = 260)25.9 (13.6) (n = 50)18.6 (12.3) (n = 210)<.001b−7.3 (−11.9 to −3.4)
Pain self-efficacy, mean (SD)35.5 (15.2) (n = 260)31.2 (17.1) (n = 50)36.5 (14.6) (n = 210).025b5.4 (0.67 to 10.0)
PROMIS physical function, mean t score (SD)41.0 (7.5)41.1 (8.7)41.0 (7.6).88−0.17 (−.25 to 2.2)
Baseline VariableAll Patients (n = 274)Black (n = 51)Non-Hispanic White (n = 223)PMean Difference (95% CI)
Age, mean y (SD)51.6 (14.9)48.5 (15.4)52.3 (14.8).103.8 (−0.73 to 8.3)
Sex, n female (%)180 (65.7.2%)36 (70.6%)144 (64.6%).41
Living situation, n married or living with significant other (%)187 (68.2%)26 (51.0%)161 (72.2%).003b
Education, n with college degree (%)150 (54.9%) (n = 273)24 (47.1%)126 (56.8%) (n = 222).21
Currently working full-time, n (%)129 (47.6%) (n = 271)28 (56.0%) (n = 50)101 (45.7%) (n = 221).19
Body mass index, mean kg/m2 (SD)29.7 (7.9)32.3 (10.2)29.1 (7.2).009b−3.5 (−6.1 to −0.82)
Current smoker, n (%)15 (5.5%)2 (3.9%)13 (5.8%).12
Diabetes, n (%)43 (16.0%) (n = 268)11 (21.6%)32 (14.7%) (n = 217).23
Depression, n (%)58 (21.6%) (n = 268)9 (18.0%) (n = 50)49 (22.5%) (n = 218).48
Anxiety, n (%)64 (24.0%) (n = 264)6 (12.2%) (n = 49)58 (26.2%) (n = 218).033b
Hypertension, n (%)89 (33.0%) (n = 270)23 (45.1%)66 (30.1%) (n = 219).041b
Prior physical therapy for spine pain, n (%)121 (44.2%)22 (43.1%)99 (4.4%).87
Prior spine surgery, n (%)42 (15.3%)6 (11.8%)36 (16.1%).43
Pain duration >6 mo, n (%)207 (77.0%) (n = 269)35 (72.9%) (n = 48)172 (77.8%) (n = 221).43
Worst pain intensity in past 24 h, mean (SD)6.7 (2.2)7.3 (1.9)6.5 (2.3).021b−0.80 (−1.5 to −0.12)
Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD)20.0 (12.8) (n = 260)25.9 (13.6) (n = 50)18.6 (12.3) (n = 210)<.001b−7.3 (−11.9 to −3.4)
Pain self-efficacy, mean (SD)35.5 (15.2) (n = 260)31.2 (17.1) (n = 50)36.5 (14.6) (n = 210).025b5.4 (0.67 to 10.0)
PROMIS physical function, mean t score (SD)41.0 (7.5)41.1 (8.7)41.0 (7.6).88−0.17 (−.25 to 2.2)
a

Comparisons were made using χ square tests for categorical variables and independent group t tests for continuous variables. Mean differences with 95% CI are provided for comparisons of continuous variables. n = number; PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.

b

P < .05.

Table 1
Open in new tab

Baseline Characteristics of the Patient Samplea

Baseline VariableAll Patients (n = 274)Black (n = 51)Non-Hispanic White (n = 223)PMean Difference (95% CI)
Age, mean y (SD)51.6 (14.9)48.5 (15.4)52.3 (14.8).103.8 (−0.73 to 8.3)
Sex, n female (%)180 (65.7.2%)36 (70.6%)144 (64.6%).41
Living situation, n married or living with significant other (%)187 (68.2%)26 (51.0%)161 (72.2%).003b
Education, n with college degree (%)150 (54.9%) (n = 273)24 (47.1%)126 (56.8%) (n = 222).21
Currently working full-time, n (%)129 (47.6%) (n = 271)28 (56.0%) (n = 50)101 (45.7%) (n = 221).19
Body mass index, mean kg/m2 (SD)29.7 (7.9)32.3 (10.2)29.1 (7.2).009b−3.5 (−6.1 to −0.82)
Current smoker, n (%)15 (5.5%)2 (3.9%)13 (5.8%).12
Diabetes, n (%)43 (16.0%) (n = 268)11 (21.6%)32 (14.7%) (n = 217).23
Depression, n (%)58 (21.6%) (n = 268)9 (18.0%) (n = 50)49 (22.5%) (n = 218).48
Anxiety, n (%)64 (24.0%) (n = 264)6 (12.2%) (n = 49)58 (26.2%) (n = 218).033b
Hypertension, n (%)89 (33.0%) (n = 270)23 (45.1%)66 (30.1%) (n = 219).041b
Prior physical therapy for spine pain, n (%)121 (44.2%)22 (43.1%)99 (4.4%).87
Prior spine surgery, n (%)42 (15.3%)6 (11.8%)36 (16.1%).43
Pain duration >6 mo, n (%)207 (77.0%) (n = 269)35 (72.9%) (n = 48)172 (77.8%) (n = 221).43
Worst pain intensity in past 24 h, mean (SD)6.7 (2.2)7.3 (1.9)6.5 (2.3).021b−0.80 (−1.5 to −0.12)
Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD)20.0 (12.8) (n = 260)25.9 (13.6) (n = 50)18.6 (12.3) (n = 210)<.001b−7.3 (−11.9 to −3.4)
Pain self-efficacy, mean (SD)35.5 (15.2) (n = 260)31.2 (17.1) (n = 50)36.5 (14.6) (n = 210).025b5.4 (0.67 to 10.0)
PROMIS physical function, mean t score (SD)41.0 (7.5)41.1 (8.7)41.0 (7.6).88−0.17 (−.25 to 2.2)
Baseline VariableAll Patients (n = 274)Black (n = 51)Non-Hispanic White (n = 223)PMean Difference (95% CI)
Age, mean y (SD)51.6 (14.9)48.5 (15.4)52.3 (14.8).103.8 (−0.73 to 8.3)
Sex, n female (%)180 (65.7.2%)36 (70.6%)144 (64.6%).41
Living situation, n married or living with significant other (%)187 (68.2%)26 (51.0%)161 (72.2%).003b
Education, n with college degree (%)150 (54.9%) (n = 273)24 (47.1%)126 (56.8%) (n = 222).21
Currently working full-time, n (%)129 (47.6%) (n = 271)28 (56.0%) (n = 50)101 (45.7%) (n = 221).19
Body mass index, mean kg/m2 (SD)29.7 (7.9)32.3 (10.2)29.1 (7.2).009b−3.5 (−6.1 to −0.82)
Current smoker, n (%)15 (5.5%)2 (3.9%)13 (5.8%).12
Diabetes, n (%)43 (16.0%) (n = 268)11 (21.6%)32 (14.7%) (n = 217).23
Depression, n (%)58 (21.6%) (n = 268)9 (18.0%) (n = 50)49 (22.5%) (n = 218).48
Anxiety, n (%)64 (24.0%) (n = 264)6 (12.2%) (n = 49)58 (26.2%) (n = 218).033b
Hypertension, n (%)89 (33.0%) (n = 270)23 (45.1%)66 (30.1%) (n = 219).041b
Prior physical therapy for spine pain, n (%)121 (44.2%)22 (43.1%)99 (4.4%).87
Prior spine surgery, n (%)42 (15.3%)6 (11.8%)36 (16.1%).43
Pain duration >6 mo, n (%)207 (77.0%) (n = 269)35 (72.9%) (n = 48)172 (77.8%) (n = 221).43
Worst pain intensity in past 24 h, mean (SD)6.7 (2.2)7.3 (1.9)6.5 (2.3).021b−0.80 (−1.5 to −0.12)
Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD)20.0 (12.8) (n = 260)25.9 (13.6) (n = 50)18.6 (12.3) (n = 210)<.001b−7.3 (−11.9 to −3.4)
Pain self-efficacy, mean (SD)35.5 (15.2) (n = 260)31.2 (17.1) (n = 50)36.5 (14.6) (n = 210).025b5.4 (0.67 to 10.0)
PROMIS physical function, mean t score (SD)41.0 (7.5)41.1 (8.7)41.0 (7.6).88−0.17 (−.25 to 2.2)
a

Comparisons were made using χ square tests for categorical variables and independent group t tests for continuous variables. Mean differences with 95% CI are provided for comparisons of continuous variables. n = number; PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.

b

P < .05.

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