Table 1. Open in new tab Summary...

Variable (N = 51)

Mean

Min

Max

Panel 1

Population

Working age population (15–64y), thousands

48,835

132,530

437

927,869

Participation in workforce (%)

71.678

8.062

44.840

84.054

Panel 2

Employment by sector, % of total employment

Agriculture

9.696

12.711

0.062

65.055

Manufacturing

13.442

5.173

3.692

27.128

Construction

7.373

1.752

2.434

13.133

Trade

39.157

5.959

16.778

49.623

Public

27.991

7.653

9.459

40.051

Other

2.342

1.571

0.839

8.841

Panel 3

Economy

GDP per capita, constant 2015 US$

29,659

24,917

920

107,792

Panel 4

Political Regime

Polity index, on a scale from strongly autocratic (−10) to strongly democratic (+10)

8.412

3.151

−4

Democracy, on a scale from 0–10¹

8.647

2.373

Durability, number of years since the most recent regime change

51.902

40.758

170

Panel 5

Third pillar size (TPT), % of total employment²

TPT—total

6.917

4.571

17.400

TPT—paid

4.530

3.179

0.518

11.900

TPT—volunteering

2.437

2.011

0.113

7.400

Table 1.

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Summary Statistics across the 51 Countries with Complete Data

	Variable (N = 51)	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Panel 1	Population
	Working age population (15–64y), thousands	48,835	132,530	437	927,869
	Participation in workforce (%)	71.678	8.062	44.840	84.054
Panel 2	Employment by sector, % of total employment
	Agriculture	9.696	12.711	0.062	65.055
	Manufacturing	13.442	5.173	3.692	27.128
	Construction	7.373	1.752	2.434	13.133
	Trade	39.157	5.959	16.778	49.623
	Public	27.991	7.653	9.459	40.051
	Other	2.342	1.571	0.839	8.841
Panel 3	Economy
	GDP per capita, constant 2015 US$	29,659	24,917	920	107,792
Panel 4	Political Regime
	Polity index, on a scale from strongly autocratic (−10) to strongly democratic (+10)	8.412	3.151	−4	10
	Democracy, on a scale from 0–10¹	8.647	2.373	0	10
	Durability, number of years since the most recent regime change	51.902	40.758	2	170
Panel 5	Third pillar size (TPT), % of total employment²
	TPT—total	6.917	4.571	1	17.400
	TPT—paid	4.530	3.179	0.518	11.900
	TPT—volunteering	2.437	2.011	0.113	7.400

	Variable (N = 51)	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Panel 1	Population
	Working age population (15–64y), thousands	48,835	132,530	437	927,869
	Participation in workforce (%)	71.678	8.062	44.840	84.054
Panel 2	Employment by sector, % of total employment
	Agriculture	9.696	12.711	0.062	65.055
	Manufacturing	13.442	5.173	3.692	27.128
	Construction	7.373	1.752	2.434	13.133
	Trade	39.157	5.959	16.778	49.623
	Public	27.991	7.653	9.459	40.051
	Other	2.342	1.571	0.839	8.841
Panel 3	Economy
	GDP per capita, constant 2015 US$	29,659	24,917	920	107,792
Panel 4	Political Regime
	Polity index, on a scale from strongly autocratic (−10) to strongly democratic (+10)	8.412	3.151	−4	10
	Democracy, on a scale from 0–10¹	8.647	2.373	0	10
	Durability, number of years since the most recent regime change	51.902	40.758	2	170
Panel 5	Third pillar size (TPT), % of total employment²
	TPT—total	6.917	4.571	1	17.400
	TPT—paid	4.530	3.179	0.518	11.900
	TPT—volunteering	2.437	2.011	0.113	7.400

Additive eleven-point scale (0–10) as measured by competitiveness of executive recruitment (+1/2), openness of executive recruitment (+1), constraint on chief executive (+1/2/3/4), and competitiveness of political participation (+1/2/3).

Paid employment in the third pillar is indirectly included in the six sectors of employment listed above.

Source: Data extracted from the international Johns Hopkins University dataset, the European Union Johns Hopkins University dataset, the International Labour Organization labor-market dataset, the World Development Indicators, and the Polity5 Project dataset.

Note: Complete data refers to data on the labor-market structure, the level of economic development, the political regime, and third pillar size.

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