| Characteristic . | All Children (N = 205) . |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 17.4 (8.4) |
| 6-11 months | 64 (31.2) |
| 2-23 months | 90 (43.9) |
| 24-35 months | 51 (24.88) |
| Sex (n (%)) | |
| Female | 118 (57.6) |
| Male | 87 (42.4) |
| Race (n (%)) | |
| White | 117 (57.1) |
| Unknown or not reported | 65 (31.7) |
| African American/Black | 14 (6.8) |
| Other or multiracial | 9 (4.4) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 155 (75.6) |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 48 (23.4) |
| Unknown or not reported | 2 (1.0) |
| Language preferenceb (n (%)) | |
| English | 152 (74.1) |
| Spanish | 53 (25.8) |
| Attends school or daycare (n (%)) | 54 (26.3) |
| Diagnostic setting (n (%)) | |
| Emergency department or urgent care | 135 (65.8) |
| Pediatric primary care clinic | 39 (19.0) |
| Family medicine primary care clinic | 31 (15.1) |
| Time periodc (n (%)) | |
| Prior to emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 101 (49.3) |
| After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 104 (50.7) |
| Diagnostic criteria used (n (%))d,e | |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM met | 137 (66.8) |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM not met | 68 (33.2) |
| Number of ears infected (n (%)) | |
| Unilateral | 131 (63.9) |
| Bilateral | 56 (27.3) |
| Unspecified | 18 (8.8) |
| Severity of infectionf (n (%)) | |
| Severe | 103 (50.2) |
| Not severe | 102 (49.8) |
| AOM-SOS at diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 14.3 (5.1) |
| AOM-SOS categories at diagnosis (n (%)) | |
| 0-5 | 15 (7.3) |
| 6-10 | 31 (15.1) |
| 11-15 | 68 (33.2) |
| 16-20 | 74 (36.1) |
| 21-25 | 17 (8.3) |
| Antibiotics use (n (%))g | |
| Participants who took antibiotics | 198 (96.6) |
| Participants who did not take antibiotics | 7 (3.4) |
| Number of antibiotic doses taken (mean (SD))h | 15.7 (5.7) |
| Duration of antibiotics taken (median days (IQR)) | 8 (4.5) |
| Characteristic . | All Children (N = 205) . |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 17.4 (8.4) |
| 6-11 months | 64 (31.2) |
| 2-23 months | 90 (43.9) |
| 24-35 months | 51 (24.88) |
| Sex (n (%)) | |
| Female | 118 (57.6) |
| Male | 87 (42.4) |
| Race (n (%)) | |
| White | 117 (57.1) |
| Unknown or not reported | 65 (31.7) |
| African American/Black | 14 (6.8) |
| Other or multiracial | 9 (4.4) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 155 (75.6) |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 48 (23.4) |
| Unknown or not reported | 2 (1.0) |
| Language preferenceb (n (%)) | |
| English | 152 (74.1) |
| Spanish | 53 (25.8) |
| Attends school or daycare (n (%)) | 54 (26.3) |
| Diagnostic setting (n (%)) | |
| Emergency department or urgent care | 135 (65.8) |
| Pediatric primary care clinic | 39 (19.0) |
| Family medicine primary care clinic | 31 (15.1) |
| Time periodc (n (%)) | |
| Prior to emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 101 (49.3) |
| After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 104 (50.7) |
| Diagnostic criteria used (n (%))d,e | |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM met | 137 (66.8) |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM not met | 68 (33.2) |
| Number of ears infected (n (%)) | |
| Unilateral | 131 (63.9) |
| Bilateral | 56 (27.3) |
| Unspecified | 18 (8.8) |
| Severity of infectionf (n (%)) | |
| Severe | 103 (50.2) |
| Not severe | 102 (49.8) |
| AOM-SOS at diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 14.3 (5.1) |
| AOM-SOS categories at diagnosis (n (%)) | |
| 0-5 | 15 (7.3) |
| 6-10 | 31 (15.1) |
| 11-15 | 68 (33.2) |
| 16-20 | 74 (36.1) |
| 21-25 | 17 (8.3) |
| Antibiotics use (n (%))g | |
| Participants who took antibiotics | 198 (96.6) |
| Participants who did not take antibiotics | 7 (3.4) |
| Number of antibiotic doses taken (mean (SD))h | 15.7 (5.7) |
| Duration of antibiotics taken (median days (IQR)) | 8 (4.5) |
aNo missing data noted for ITT.
bNone coded for “other.”
cBased on study enrollment date of pre-covid <March 1, 2020 and peri-covid ≥ March 1, 2020.
dAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) criteria used was bulging tympanum in either ear.
eMissing data for two patients were imputed by multiple imputation.
fUsing criteria: AOM-SOS version 5.0 vs 4.0: 0-25 on 5.0. 1. Score of 4 or 5 on ear tugging and/or score of 4 or 5 on fever.
gMissing data for 10 patients were imputed by multiple imputation.
hFor patients who took antibiotics.
| Characteristic . | All Children (N = 205) . |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 17.4 (8.4) |
| 6-11 months | 64 (31.2) |
| 2-23 months | 90 (43.9) |
| 24-35 months | 51 (24.88) |
| Sex (n (%)) | |
| Female | 118 (57.6) |
| Male | 87 (42.4) |
| Race (n (%)) | |
| White | 117 (57.1) |
| Unknown or not reported | 65 (31.7) |
| African American/Black | 14 (6.8) |
| Other or multiracial | 9 (4.4) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 155 (75.6) |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 48 (23.4) |
| Unknown or not reported | 2 (1.0) |
| Language preferenceb (n (%)) | |
| English | 152 (74.1) |
| Spanish | 53 (25.8) |
| Attends school or daycare (n (%)) | 54 (26.3) |
| Diagnostic setting (n (%)) | |
| Emergency department or urgent care | 135 (65.8) |
| Pediatric primary care clinic | 39 (19.0) |
| Family medicine primary care clinic | 31 (15.1) |
| Time periodc (n (%)) | |
| Prior to emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 101 (49.3) |
| After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 104 (50.7) |
| Diagnostic criteria used (n (%))d,e | |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM met | 137 (66.8) |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM not met | 68 (33.2) |
| Number of ears infected (n (%)) | |
| Unilateral | 131 (63.9) |
| Bilateral | 56 (27.3) |
| Unspecified | 18 (8.8) |
| Severity of infectionf (n (%)) | |
| Severe | 103 (50.2) |
| Not severe | 102 (49.8) |
| AOM-SOS at diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 14.3 (5.1) |
| AOM-SOS categories at diagnosis (n (%)) | |
| 0-5 | 15 (7.3) |
| 6-10 | 31 (15.1) |
| 11-15 | 68 (33.2) |
| 16-20 | 74 (36.1) |
| 21-25 | 17 (8.3) |
| Antibiotics use (n (%))g | |
| Participants who took antibiotics | 198 (96.6) |
| Participants who did not take antibiotics | 7 (3.4) |
| Number of antibiotic doses taken (mean (SD))h | 15.7 (5.7) |
| Duration of antibiotics taken (median days (IQR)) | 8 (4.5) |
| Characteristic . | All Children (N = 205) . |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 17.4 (8.4) |
| 6-11 months | 64 (31.2) |
| 2-23 months | 90 (43.9) |
| 24-35 months | 51 (24.88) |
| Sex (n (%)) | |
| Female | 118 (57.6) |
| Male | 87 (42.4) |
| Race (n (%)) | |
| White | 117 (57.1) |
| Unknown or not reported | 65 (31.7) |
| African American/Black | 14 (6.8) |
| Other or multiracial | 9 (4.4) |
| Ethnicity (n (%)) | |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 155 (75.6) |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 48 (23.4) |
| Unknown or not reported | 2 (1.0) |
| Language preferenceb (n (%)) | |
| English | 152 (74.1) |
| Spanish | 53 (25.8) |
| Attends school or daycare (n (%)) | 54 (26.3) |
| Diagnostic setting (n (%)) | |
| Emergency department or urgent care | 135 (65.8) |
| Pediatric primary care clinic | 39 (19.0) |
| Family medicine primary care clinic | 31 (15.1) |
| Time periodc (n (%)) | |
| Prior to emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 101 (49.3) |
| After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 | 104 (50.7) |
| Diagnostic criteria used (n (%))d,e | |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM met | 137 (66.8) |
| AAP diagnostic criteria for AOM not met | 68 (33.2) |
| Number of ears infected (n (%)) | |
| Unilateral | 131 (63.9) |
| Bilateral | 56 (27.3) |
| Unspecified | 18 (8.8) |
| Severity of infectionf (n (%)) | |
| Severe | 103 (50.2) |
| Not severe | 102 (49.8) |
| AOM-SOS at diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 14.3 (5.1) |
| AOM-SOS categories at diagnosis (n (%)) | |
| 0-5 | 15 (7.3) |
| 6-10 | 31 (15.1) |
| 11-15 | 68 (33.2) |
| 16-20 | 74 (36.1) |
| 21-25 | 17 (8.3) |
| Antibiotics use (n (%))g | |
| Participants who took antibiotics | 198 (96.6) |
| Participants who did not take antibiotics | 7 (3.4) |
| Number of antibiotic doses taken (mean (SD))h | 15.7 (5.7) |
| Duration of antibiotics taken (median days (IQR)) | 8 (4.5) |
aNo missing data noted for ITT.
bNone coded for “other.”
cBased on study enrollment date of pre-covid <March 1, 2020 and peri-covid ≥ March 1, 2020.
dAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) criteria used was bulging tympanum in either ear.
eMissing data for two patients were imputed by multiple imputation.
fUsing criteria: AOM-SOS version 5.0 vs 4.0: 0-25 on 5.0. 1. Score of 4 or 5 on ear tugging and/or score of 4 or 5 on fever.
gMissing data for 10 patients were imputed by multiple imputation.
hFor patients who took antibiotics.
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