| . | All subjects . | AGE cases . | No AGE . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | All AGE . | NoV+ . | NoV– . | . |
| N | 1109 | 437 | 20 | 324 | 672 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age at travel start, median (range) | 35 (18–87) | 32 (18–87) | 27 (20–66) | 32 (19–77) | 37 (18–86) |
| Age group distribution, n (%) | |||||
| 18–24 | 176 (15.9) | 79 (18.1) | 7 (35.0) | 59 (18.2) | 97 (14.4) |
| 25–34 | 376 (33.9) | 170 (38.9) | 8 (40.0) | 127 (39.2) | 206 (30.7) |
| 35–44 | 203 (18.3) | 79 (18.1) | 3 (15.0) | 57 (17.6) | 124 (18.5) |
| 45–54 | 146 (13.2) | 63 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (15.4) | 83 (12.4) |
| 55–64 | 156 (14.1) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 123 (18.3) |
| ≥65 | 52 (4.7) | 13 (3.0) | 1 (5.0) | 9 (2.8) | 39 (5.8) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 667 (60.1) | 266 (60.9) | 9 (45.0) | 202 (62.3) | 401 (59.7) |
| Male | 442 (39.9) | 171 (39.1) | 11 (55.0) | 122 (37.7) | 271 (40.3) |
| Region of origin, n (%) | |||||
| US | 596 (53.7) | 213 (48.7) | 7 (35.0) | 156 (48.1) | 383 (57.0) |
| Europe | 513 (46.3) | 224 (51.3) | 13 (65.0) | 168 (51.9) | 289 (43.0) |
| Germany | 336 (30.3) | 154 (35.2) | 9 (45.0) | 113 (34.9) | 182 (27.1) |
| Switzerland | 177 (16.0) | 70 (16.0) | 4 (20.0) | 55 (17.0) | 107 (15.9) |
| Medical history | |||||
| Underlying health conditions, n (%) | |||||
| None | 804 (72.5) | 318 (72.8) | 17 (85.0) | 235 (72.5) | 486 (72.3) |
| Any underlying health condition | 305 (27.5) | 119 (27.2) | 3 (15.0) | 89 (27.5) | 186 (27.7) |
| Solicited underlying health conditions or immunosuppressed defined by subjectsa | 125 (11.3) | 48 (11.0) | 1 (5.0) | 37 (11.4) | 77 (11.5) |
| Lactose intolerance | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 1 (5.0) | 24 (7.4) | 52 (7.7) |
| IBS | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Cancer of the bowel | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Crohn's disease | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Coeliac disease | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) |
| Surgical bowel obstruction | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Current pregnancy | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Blood type, n (%) | |||||
| A | 186 (16.8) | 64 (14.6) | 2 (10.0) | 48 (14.8) | 122 (18.2) |
| B | 84 (7.6) | 28 (6.4) | 2 (10.0) | 21 (6.5) | 56 (8.3) |
| AB | 27 (2.4) | 7 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.9) | 20 (3.0) |
| O | 219 (19.7) | 89 (20.4) | 6 (30.0) | 61 (18.8) | 130 (19.3) |
| Not known | 593 (53.5) | 249 (57.0) | 10 (50.0) | 188 (58.0) | 344 (51.2) |
| Travel | |||||
| Travel mode, n (%) | |||||
| Cruise | 189 (17.0) | 60 (13.7) | 1 (5.0) | 42 (13.0) | 129 (19.2) |
| Non-cruise | 920 (83.0) | 377 (86.3) | 19 (95.0) | 282 (87.0) | 543 (80.8) |
| Broad region of travel with a stay ≥3 days, n (%)a | |||||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 496 (44.7) | 189 (43.2) | 5 (25.0) | 138 (42.6) | 307 (45.7) |
| Asia | 269 (24.3) | 116 (26.5) | 8 (40.0) | 86 (26.5) | 153 (22.8) |
| Africa | 248 (22.4) | 105 (24.0) | 7 (35.0) | 77 (23.8) | 143 (21.3) |
| North America/Europe/Australia/New Zealand/Japan | 52 (4.7) | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (4.6) | 29 (4.3) |
| Other | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) |
| Multiple regions | 25 (2.3) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.5) | 11 (1.6) |
| Traveller type, n (%)a | |||||
| Tourism | 807 (72.8) | 320 (73.2) | 13 (65.0) | 233 (71.9) | 487 (72.5) |
| Humanitarian | 101 (9.1) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 28 (8.6) | 58 (8.6) |
| Educational | 64 (5.8) | 28 (6.4) | 3 (15.0) | 24 (7.4) | 36 (5.4) |
| Visit family/friends | 112 (10.1) | 39 (8.9) | 3 (15.0) | 29 (9.0) | 73 (10.9) |
| Business | 99 (8.9) | 38 (8.7) | 2 (10.0) | 25 (7.7) | 61 (9.1) |
| Other | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 1 (5.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Travel duration (as per baseline form), n (%) | |||||
| 3–7 days | 240 (21.6) | 65 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (15.7) | 175 (26.0) |
| 8–15 days | 869 (78.4) | 372 (85.1) | 20 (100.0) | 273 (84.3) | 497 (74.0) |
| Travel in prior 3 months, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 157 (14.2) | 61 (14.0) | 4 (20.0) | 42 (13.0) | 96 (14.3) |
| No | 952 (85.8) | 376 (86.0) | 16 (80.0) | 282 (87.0) | 576 (85.7) |
| Month of travel start, n (%) | |||||
| January | 50 (4.5) | 15 (3.4) | 1 (5.0) | 12 (3.7) | 35 (5.2) |
| February | 78 (7.0) | 29 (6.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 49 (7.3) |
| March | 162 (14.6) | 79 (18.1) | 2 (10.0) | 60 (18.5) | 83 (12.4) |
| April | 102 (9.2) | 37 (8.5) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 65 (9.7) |
| May | 122 (11.0) | 42 (9.6) | 1 (5.0) | 30 (9.3) | 80 (11.9) |
| June | 99 (8.9) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 29 (9.0) | 56 (8.3) |
| July | 93 (8.4) | 40 (9.2) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 53 (7.9) |
| August | 99 (8.9) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 20 (6.2) | 66 (9.8) |
| September | 73 (6.6) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 21 (6.5) | 40 (6.0) |
| October | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (7.7) | 52 (7.7) |
| November | 87 (7.8) | 35 (8.0) | 4 (20.0) | 26 (8.0) | 52 (7.7) |
| December | 62 (5.6) | 21 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (5.9) | 41 (6.1) |
| . | All subjects . | AGE cases . | No AGE . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | All AGE . | NoV+ . | NoV– . | . |
| N | 1109 | 437 | 20 | 324 | 672 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age at travel start, median (range) | 35 (18–87) | 32 (18–87) | 27 (20–66) | 32 (19–77) | 37 (18–86) |
| Age group distribution, n (%) | |||||
| 18–24 | 176 (15.9) | 79 (18.1) | 7 (35.0) | 59 (18.2) | 97 (14.4) |
| 25–34 | 376 (33.9) | 170 (38.9) | 8 (40.0) | 127 (39.2) | 206 (30.7) |
| 35–44 | 203 (18.3) | 79 (18.1) | 3 (15.0) | 57 (17.6) | 124 (18.5) |
| 45–54 | 146 (13.2) | 63 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (15.4) | 83 (12.4) |
| 55–64 | 156 (14.1) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 123 (18.3) |
| ≥65 | 52 (4.7) | 13 (3.0) | 1 (5.0) | 9 (2.8) | 39 (5.8) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 667 (60.1) | 266 (60.9) | 9 (45.0) | 202 (62.3) | 401 (59.7) |
| Male | 442 (39.9) | 171 (39.1) | 11 (55.0) | 122 (37.7) | 271 (40.3) |
| Region of origin, n (%) | |||||
| US | 596 (53.7) | 213 (48.7) | 7 (35.0) | 156 (48.1) | 383 (57.0) |
| Europe | 513 (46.3) | 224 (51.3) | 13 (65.0) | 168 (51.9) | 289 (43.0) |
| Germany | 336 (30.3) | 154 (35.2) | 9 (45.0) | 113 (34.9) | 182 (27.1) |
| Switzerland | 177 (16.0) | 70 (16.0) | 4 (20.0) | 55 (17.0) | 107 (15.9) |
| Medical history | |||||
| Underlying health conditions, n (%) | |||||
| None | 804 (72.5) | 318 (72.8) | 17 (85.0) | 235 (72.5) | 486 (72.3) |
| Any underlying health condition | 305 (27.5) | 119 (27.2) | 3 (15.0) | 89 (27.5) | 186 (27.7) |
| Solicited underlying health conditions or immunosuppressed defined by subjectsa | 125 (11.3) | 48 (11.0) | 1 (5.0) | 37 (11.4) | 77 (11.5) |
| Lactose intolerance | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 1 (5.0) | 24 (7.4) | 52 (7.7) |
| IBS | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Cancer of the bowel | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Crohn's disease | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Coeliac disease | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) |
| Surgical bowel obstruction | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Current pregnancy | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Blood type, n (%) | |||||
| A | 186 (16.8) | 64 (14.6) | 2 (10.0) | 48 (14.8) | 122 (18.2) |
| B | 84 (7.6) | 28 (6.4) | 2 (10.0) | 21 (6.5) | 56 (8.3) |
| AB | 27 (2.4) | 7 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.9) | 20 (3.0) |
| O | 219 (19.7) | 89 (20.4) | 6 (30.0) | 61 (18.8) | 130 (19.3) |
| Not known | 593 (53.5) | 249 (57.0) | 10 (50.0) | 188 (58.0) | 344 (51.2) |
| Travel | |||||
| Travel mode, n (%) | |||||
| Cruise | 189 (17.0) | 60 (13.7) | 1 (5.0) | 42 (13.0) | 129 (19.2) |
| Non-cruise | 920 (83.0) | 377 (86.3) | 19 (95.0) | 282 (87.0) | 543 (80.8) |
| Broad region of travel with a stay ≥3 days, n (%)a | |||||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 496 (44.7) | 189 (43.2) | 5 (25.0) | 138 (42.6) | 307 (45.7) |
| Asia | 269 (24.3) | 116 (26.5) | 8 (40.0) | 86 (26.5) | 153 (22.8) |
| Africa | 248 (22.4) | 105 (24.0) | 7 (35.0) | 77 (23.8) | 143 (21.3) |
| North America/Europe/Australia/New Zealand/Japan | 52 (4.7) | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (4.6) | 29 (4.3) |
| Other | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) |
| Multiple regions | 25 (2.3) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.5) | 11 (1.6) |
| Traveller type, n (%)a | |||||
| Tourism | 807 (72.8) | 320 (73.2) | 13 (65.0) | 233 (71.9) | 487 (72.5) |
| Humanitarian | 101 (9.1) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 28 (8.6) | 58 (8.6) |
| Educational | 64 (5.8) | 28 (6.4) | 3 (15.0) | 24 (7.4) | 36 (5.4) |
| Visit family/friends | 112 (10.1) | 39 (8.9) | 3 (15.0) | 29 (9.0) | 73 (10.9) |
| Business | 99 (8.9) | 38 (8.7) | 2 (10.0) | 25 (7.7) | 61 (9.1) |
| Other | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 1 (5.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Travel duration (as per baseline form), n (%) | |||||
| 3–7 days | 240 (21.6) | 65 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (15.7) | 175 (26.0) |
| 8–15 days | 869 (78.4) | 372 (85.1) | 20 (100.0) | 273 (84.3) | 497 (74.0) |
| Travel in prior 3 months, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 157 (14.2) | 61 (14.0) | 4 (20.0) | 42 (13.0) | 96 (14.3) |
| No | 952 (85.8) | 376 (86.0) | 16 (80.0) | 282 (87.0) | 576 (85.7) |
| Month of travel start, n (%) | |||||
| January | 50 (4.5) | 15 (3.4) | 1 (5.0) | 12 (3.7) | 35 (5.2) |
| February | 78 (7.0) | 29 (6.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 49 (7.3) |
| March | 162 (14.6) | 79 (18.1) | 2 (10.0) | 60 (18.5) | 83 (12.4) |
| April | 102 (9.2) | 37 (8.5) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 65 (9.7) |
| May | 122 (11.0) | 42 (9.6) | 1 (5.0) | 30 (9.3) | 80 (11.9) |
| June | 99 (8.9) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 29 (9.0) | 56 (8.3) |
| July | 93 (8.4) | 40 (9.2) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 53 (7.9) |
| August | 99 (8.9) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 20 (6.2) | 66 (9.8) |
| September | 73 (6.6) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 21 (6.5) | 40 (6.0) |
| October | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (7.7) | 52 (7.7) |
| November | 87 (7.8) | 35 (8.0) | 4 (20.0) | 26 (8.0) | 52 (7.7) |
| December | 62 (5.6) | 21 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (5.9) | 41 (6.1) |
aSubjects may be in more than one group. Percentages are based on the number of subjects (N in each column).
| . | All subjects . | AGE cases . | No AGE . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | All AGE . | NoV+ . | NoV– . | . |
| N | 1109 | 437 | 20 | 324 | 672 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age at travel start, median (range) | 35 (18–87) | 32 (18–87) | 27 (20–66) | 32 (19–77) | 37 (18–86) |
| Age group distribution, n (%) | |||||
| 18–24 | 176 (15.9) | 79 (18.1) | 7 (35.0) | 59 (18.2) | 97 (14.4) |
| 25–34 | 376 (33.9) | 170 (38.9) | 8 (40.0) | 127 (39.2) | 206 (30.7) |
| 35–44 | 203 (18.3) | 79 (18.1) | 3 (15.0) | 57 (17.6) | 124 (18.5) |
| 45–54 | 146 (13.2) | 63 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (15.4) | 83 (12.4) |
| 55–64 | 156 (14.1) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 123 (18.3) |
| ≥65 | 52 (4.7) | 13 (3.0) | 1 (5.0) | 9 (2.8) | 39 (5.8) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 667 (60.1) | 266 (60.9) | 9 (45.0) | 202 (62.3) | 401 (59.7) |
| Male | 442 (39.9) | 171 (39.1) | 11 (55.0) | 122 (37.7) | 271 (40.3) |
| Region of origin, n (%) | |||||
| US | 596 (53.7) | 213 (48.7) | 7 (35.0) | 156 (48.1) | 383 (57.0) |
| Europe | 513 (46.3) | 224 (51.3) | 13 (65.0) | 168 (51.9) | 289 (43.0) |
| Germany | 336 (30.3) | 154 (35.2) | 9 (45.0) | 113 (34.9) | 182 (27.1) |
| Switzerland | 177 (16.0) | 70 (16.0) | 4 (20.0) | 55 (17.0) | 107 (15.9) |
| Medical history | |||||
| Underlying health conditions, n (%) | |||||
| None | 804 (72.5) | 318 (72.8) | 17 (85.0) | 235 (72.5) | 486 (72.3) |
| Any underlying health condition | 305 (27.5) | 119 (27.2) | 3 (15.0) | 89 (27.5) | 186 (27.7) |
| Solicited underlying health conditions or immunosuppressed defined by subjectsa | 125 (11.3) | 48 (11.0) | 1 (5.0) | 37 (11.4) | 77 (11.5) |
| Lactose intolerance | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 1 (5.0) | 24 (7.4) | 52 (7.7) |
| IBS | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Cancer of the bowel | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Crohn's disease | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Coeliac disease | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) |
| Surgical bowel obstruction | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Current pregnancy | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Blood type, n (%) | |||||
| A | 186 (16.8) | 64 (14.6) | 2 (10.0) | 48 (14.8) | 122 (18.2) |
| B | 84 (7.6) | 28 (6.4) | 2 (10.0) | 21 (6.5) | 56 (8.3) |
| AB | 27 (2.4) | 7 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.9) | 20 (3.0) |
| O | 219 (19.7) | 89 (20.4) | 6 (30.0) | 61 (18.8) | 130 (19.3) |
| Not known | 593 (53.5) | 249 (57.0) | 10 (50.0) | 188 (58.0) | 344 (51.2) |
| Travel | |||||
| Travel mode, n (%) | |||||
| Cruise | 189 (17.0) | 60 (13.7) | 1 (5.0) | 42 (13.0) | 129 (19.2) |
| Non-cruise | 920 (83.0) | 377 (86.3) | 19 (95.0) | 282 (87.0) | 543 (80.8) |
| Broad region of travel with a stay ≥3 days, n (%)a | |||||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 496 (44.7) | 189 (43.2) | 5 (25.0) | 138 (42.6) | 307 (45.7) |
| Asia | 269 (24.3) | 116 (26.5) | 8 (40.0) | 86 (26.5) | 153 (22.8) |
| Africa | 248 (22.4) | 105 (24.0) | 7 (35.0) | 77 (23.8) | 143 (21.3) |
| North America/Europe/Australia/New Zealand/Japan | 52 (4.7) | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (4.6) | 29 (4.3) |
| Other | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) |
| Multiple regions | 25 (2.3) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.5) | 11 (1.6) |
| Traveller type, n (%)a | |||||
| Tourism | 807 (72.8) | 320 (73.2) | 13 (65.0) | 233 (71.9) | 487 (72.5) |
| Humanitarian | 101 (9.1) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 28 (8.6) | 58 (8.6) |
| Educational | 64 (5.8) | 28 (6.4) | 3 (15.0) | 24 (7.4) | 36 (5.4) |
| Visit family/friends | 112 (10.1) | 39 (8.9) | 3 (15.0) | 29 (9.0) | 73 (10.9) |
| Business | 99 (8.9) | 38 (8.7) | 2 (10.0) | 25 (7.7) | 61 (9.1) |
| Other | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 1 (5.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Travel duration (as per baseline form), n (%) | |||||
| 3–7 days | 240 (21.6) | 65 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (15.7) | 175 (26.0) |
| 8–15 days | 869 (78.4) | 372 (85.1) | 20 (100.0) | 273 (84.3) | 497 (74.0) |
| Travel in prior 3 months, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 157 (14.2) | 61 (14.0) | 4 (20.0) | 42 (13.0) | 96 (14.3) |
| No | 952 (85.8) | 376 (86.0) | 16 (80.0) | 282 (87.0) | 576 (85.7) |
| Month of travel start, n (%) | |||||
| January | 50 (4.5) | 15 (3.4) | 1 (5.0) | 12 (3.7) | 35 (5.2) |
| February | 78 (7.0) | 29 (6.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 49 (7.3) |
| March | 162 (14.6) | 79 (18.1) | 2 (10.0) | 60 (18.5) | 83 (12.4) |
| April | 102 (9.2) | 37 (8.5) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 65 (9.7) |
| May | 122 (11.0) | 42 (9.6) | 1 (5.0) | 30 (9.3) | 80 (11.9) |
| June | 99 (8.9) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 29 (9.0) | 56 (8.3) |
| July | 93 (8.4) | 40 (9.2) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 53 (7.9) |
| August | 99 (8.9) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 20 (6.2) | 66 (9.8) |
| September | 73 (6.6) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 21 (6.5) | 40 (6.0) |
| October | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (7.7) | 52 (7.7) |
| November | 87 (7.8) | 35 (8.0) | 4 (20.0) | 26 (8.0) | 52 (7.7) |
| December | 62 (5.6) | 21 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (5.9) | 41 (6.1) |
| . | All subjects . | AGE cases . | No AGE . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | All AGE . | NoV+ . | NoV– . | . |
| N | 1109 | 437 | 20 | 324 | 672 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age at travel start, median (range) | 35 (18–87) | 32 (18–87) | 27 (20–66) | 32 (19–77) | 37 (18–86) |
| Age group distribution, n (%) | |||||
| 18–24 | 176 (15.9) | 79 (18.1) | 7 (35.0) | 59 (18.2) | 97 (14.4) |
| 25–34 | 376 (33.9) | 170 (38.9) | 8 (40.0) | 127 (39.2) | 206 (30.7) |
| 35–44 | 203 (18.3) | 79 (18.1) | 3 (15.0) | 57 (17.6) | 124 (18.5) |
| 45–54 | 146 (13.2) | 63 (14.4) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (15.4) | 83 (12.4) |
| 55–64 | 156 (14.1) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 123 (18.3) |
| ≥65 | 52 (4.7) | 13 (3.0) | 1 (5.0) | 9 (2.8) | 39 (5.8) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 667 (60.1) | 266 (60.9) | 9 (45.0) | 202 (62.3) | 401 (59.7) |
| Male | 442 (39.9) | 171 (39.1) | 11 (55.0) | 122 (37.7) | 271 (40.3) |
| Region of origin, n (%) | |||||
| US | 596 (53.7) | 213 (48.7) | 7 (35.0) | 156 (48.1) | 383 (57.0) |
| Europe | 513 (46.3) | 224 (51.3) | 13 (65.0) | 168 (51.9) | 289 (43.0) |
| Germany | 336 (30.3) | 154 (35.2) | 9 (45.0) | 113 (34.9) | 182 (27.1) |
| Switzerland | 177 (16.0) | 70 (16.0) | 4 (20.0) | 55 (17.0) | 107 (15.9) |
| Medical history | |||||
| Underlying health conditions, n (%) | |||||
| None | 804 (72.5) | 318 (72.8) | 17 (85.0) | 235 (72.5) | 486 (72.3) |
| Any underlying health condition | 305 (27.5) | 119 (27.2) | 3 (15.0) | 89 (27.5) | 186 (27.7) |
| Solicited underlying health conditions or immunosuppressed defined by subjectsa | 125 (11.3) | 48 (11.0) | 1 (5.0) | 37 (11.4) | 77 (11.5) |
| Lactose intolerance | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 1 (5.0) | 24 (7.4) | 52 (7.7) |
| IBS | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Cancer of the bowel | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Crohn's disease | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Coeliac disease | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) |
| Surgical bowel obstruction | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Current pregnancy | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Blood type, n (%) | |||||
| A | 186 (16.8) | 64 (14.6) | 2 (10.0) | 48 (14.8) | 122 (18.2) |
| B | 84 (7.6) | 28 (6.4) | 2 (10.0) | 21 (6.5) | 56 (8.3) |
| AB | 27 (2.4) | 7 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.9) | 20 (3.0) |
| O | 219 (19.7) | 89 (20.4) | 6 (30.0) | 61 (18.8) | 130 (19.3) |
| Not known | 593 (53.5) | 249 (57.0) | 10 (50.0) | 188 (58.0) | 344 (51.2) |
| Travel | |||||
| Travel mode, n (%) | |||||
| Cruise | 189 (17.0) | 60 (13.7) | 1 (5.0) | 42 (13.0) | 129 (19.2) |
| Non-cruise | 920 (83.0) | 377 (86.3) | 19 (95.0) | 282 (87.0) | 543 (80.8) |
| Broad region of travel with a stay ≥3 days, n (%)a | |||||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 496 (44.7) | 189 (43.2) | 5 (25.0) | 138 (42.6) | 307 (45.7) |
| Asia | 269 (24.3) | 116 (26.5) | 8 (40.0) | 86 (26.5) | 153 (22.8) |
| Africa | 248 (22.4) | 105 (24.0) | 7 (35.0) | 77 (23.8) | 143 (21.3) |
| North America/Europe/Australia/New Zealand/Japan | 52 (4.7) | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (4.6) | 29 (4.3) |
| Other | 5 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) |
| Multiple regions | 25 (2.3) | 14 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.5) | 11 (1.6) |
| Traveller type, n (%)a | |||||
| Tourism | 807 (72.8) | 320 (73.2) | 13 (65.0) | 233 (71.9) | 487 (72.5) |
| Humanitarian | 101 (9.1) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 28 (8.6) | 58 (8.6) |
| Educational | 64 (5.8) | 28 (6.4) | 3 (15.0) | 24 (7.4) | 36 (5.4) |
| Visit family/friends | 112 (10.1) | 39 (8.9) | 3 (15.0) | 29 (9.0) | 73 (10.9) |
| Business | 99 (8.9) | 38 (8.7) | 2 (10.0) | 25 (7.7) | 61 (9.1) |
| Other | 30 (2.7) | 14 (3.2) | 1 (5.0) | 11 (3.4) | 16 (2.4) |
| Travel duration (as per baseline form), n (%) | |||||
| 3–7 days | 240 (21.6) | 65 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (15.7) | 175 (26.0) |
| 8–15 days | 869 (78.4) | 372 (85.1) | 20 (100.0) | 273 (84.3) | 497 (74.0) |
| Travel in prior 3 months, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 157 (14.2) | 61 (14.0) | 4 (20.0) | 42 (13.0) | 96 (14.3) |
| No | 952 (85.8) | 376 (86.0) | 16 (80.0) | 282 (87.0) | 576 (85.7) |
| Month of travel start, n (%) | |||||
| January | 50 (4.5) | 15 (3.4) | 1 (5.0) | 12 (3.7) | 35 (5.2) |
| February | 78 (7.0) | 29 (6.6) | 1 (5.0) | 22 (6.8) | 49 (7.3) |
| March | 162 (14.6) | 79 (18.1) | 2 (10.0) | 60 (18.5) | 83 (12.4) |
| April | 102 (9.2) | 37 (8.5) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 65 (9.7) |
| May | 122 (11.0) | 42 (9.6) | 1 (5.0) | 30 (9.3) | 80 (11.9) |
| June | 99 (8.9) | 43 (9.8) | 5 (25.0) | 29 (9.0) | 56 (8.3) |
| July | 93 (8.4) | 40 (9.2) | 2 (10.0) | 30 (9.3) | 53 (7.9) |
| August | 99 (8.9) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 20 (6.2) | 66 (9.8) |
| September | 73 (6.6) | 33 (7.6) | 1 (5.0) | 21 (6.5) | 40 (6.0) |
| October | 82 (7.4) | 30 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (7.7) | 52 (7.7) |
| November | 87 (7.8) | 35 (8.0) | 4 (20.0) | 26 (8.0) | 52 (7.7) |
| December | 62 (5.6) | 21 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (5.9) | 41 (6.1) |
aSubjects may be in more than one group. Percentages are based on the number of subjects (N in each column).
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
