Influence of storage on physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of pumpkin bars
Temperature . | Room temperature . | Refrigerated temperature . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage period (months) . | Packaging materials . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . |
Physicochemical analysis | |||||||||
Moisture (%) | Laminated foil | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.1 ± 0.5bA | 17.9 ± 0.5aA | 18.1 ± 0.4aB | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.5 ± 0.3aA | 14.9 ± 0.6abA | 14.0 ± 0.6bA |
Butter paper | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.5 ± 0.5bA | 18.2 ± 0.6aA | 19.3 ± 0.6aA | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.0 ± 0.5abA | 14.9 ± 0.5abA | 13.9 ± 0.429bA | |
Water activity (%) | Laminated foil | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.72 ± 0.02aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.04aA | 0.70 ± 0.03aA | 0.69 ± 0.02aA |
Butter paper | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.04aA | 0.76 ± 0.04aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.03aA | 0.70 ± 0.02aA | 0.69 ± 0.04aA | |
Titratable acidity (% citric acid) | Laminated foil | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.2 ± 0.0aB | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.0 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aB | 1.1 ± 0.0aA |
Butter paper | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.3 ± 0.0aA | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aA | 1.2 ± 0.0aA | |
Total sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 46.5 ± 1.4bB | 67.9 ± 2.4aA | 69.2 ± 1.9aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.7 ± 1.3bA | 60.9 ± 1.8aB | 62.1 ± 1.0aB |
Butter paper | 42.2 ± 1.2cA | 50.1 ± 1.1bA | 69.9 ± 2.1aA | 71.6 ± 2.7aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.8 ± 1.3bA | 66.8 ± 2.0aA | 67.8 ± 2.2aA | |
Reducing sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 24.9 ± 0.5bB | 37.4 ± 1.0aA | 38.5 ± 0.9aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 25.1 ± 0.7bA | 26.2 ± 0.5bB | 28.9 ± 1.3aA |
Butter paper | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 27.7 ± 0.9bA | 38.2 ± 1.2aA | 40.1 ± 1.2aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 26.2 ± 0.6bA | 28.2 ± 0.9bA | 31.0 ± 0.9aA | |
Phytochemical analysis | |||||||||
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.5 ± 0.4abA | 9.8 ± 0.3bA | 8.2 ± 0.4cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.7 ± 0.4aA | 10.2 ± 0.3abA | 9.4 ± 0.3cA |
Butter paper | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.3 ± 0.4abA | 9.6 ± 0.4bA | 7.9 ± 0.3cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.6 ± 0.5aA | 9.9 ± 0.3aA | 8.7 ± 0.3bB | |
Total carotenoids (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 19.8 ± 0.5bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.9 ± 0.7cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.7 ± 0.6bA | 18.9 ± 0.7cA | 18.7 ± 0.7cA |
Butter paper | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 18.9 ± 0.7bA | 17.4 ± 0.5bcA | 17.2 ± 0.8cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.6 ± 0.4bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.8 ± 0.4cA | |
Total phenols (mg GAE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 358.4 ± 3.4bA | 281.7 ± 4.8cA | 276.9 ± 7.4cA | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 380.2 ± 7.4bA | 298.2 ± 8.1cA | 286.5 ± 5.7cA |
Butter paper | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 342.4 ± 4.5bB | 271.4 ± 5.5cA | 252.9 ± 8.9dB | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 368.2 ± 8.4bA | 281.4 ± 6.1cB | 278.2 ± 3.9cA | |
Antioxidant activity (mg TE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 147.9 ± 2.3bA | 115.6 ± 2.3cA | 110.7 ± 2.3cA | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 161.6 ± 3.1bA | 126.8 ± 2.8cA | 118.3 ± 3.4dA |
Butter paper | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 132.2 ± 3.3bB | 110.5 ± 2.9cA | 104.9 ± 1.1cB | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 149.7 ± 2.4bB | 117.3 ± 1.5cB | 110.6 ± 2.0dB |
Temperature . | Room temperature . | Refrigerated temperature . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage period (months) . | Packaging materials . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . |
Physicochemical analysis | |||||||||
Moisture (%) | Laminated foil | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.1 ± 0.5bA | 17.9 ± 0.5aA | 18.1 ± 0.4aB | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.5 ± 0.3aA | 14.9 ± 0.6abA | 14.0 ± 0.6bA |
Butter paper | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.5 ± 0.5bA | 18.2 ± 0.6aA | 19.3 ± 0.6aA | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.0 ± 0.5abA | 14.9 ± 0.5abA | 13.9 ± 0.429bA | |
Water activity (%) | Laminated foil | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.72 ± 0.02aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.04aA | 0.70 ± 0.03aA | 0.69 ± 0.02aA |
Butter paper | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.04aA | 0.76 ± 0.04aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.03aA | 0.70 ± 0.02aA | 0.69 ± 0.04aA | |
Titratable acidity (% citric acid) | Laminated foil | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.2 ± 0.0aB | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.0 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aB | 1.1 ± 0.0aA |
Butter paper | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.3 ± 0.0aA | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aA | 1.2 ± 0.0aA | |
Total sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 46.5 ± 1.4bB | 67.9 ± 2.4aA | 69.2 ± 1.9aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.7 ± 1.3bA | 60.9 ± 1.8aB | 62.1 ± 1.0aB |
Butter paper | 42.2 ± 1.2cA | 50.1 ± 1.1bA | 69.9 ± 2.1aA | 71.6 ± 2.7aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.8 ± 1.3bA | 66.8 ± 2.0aA | 67.8 ± 2.2aA | |
Reducing sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 24.9 ± 0.5bB | 37.4 ± 1.0aA | 38.5 ± 0.9aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 25.1 ± 0.7bA | 26.2 ± 0.5bB | 28.9 ± 1.3aA |
Butter paper | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 27.7 ± 0.9bA | 38.2 ± 1.2aA | 40.1 ± 1.2aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 26.2 ± 0.6bA | 28.2 ± 0.9bA | 31.0 ± 0.9aA | |
Phytochemical analysis | |||||||||
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.5 ± 0.4abA | 9.8 ± 0.3bA | 8.2 ± 0.4cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.7 ± 0.4aA | 10.2 ± 0.3abA | 9.4 ± 0.3cA |
Butter paper | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.3 ± 0.4abA | 9.6 ± 0.4bA | 7.9 ± 0.3cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.6 ± 0.5aA | 9.9 ± 0.3aA | 8.7 ± 0.3bB | |
Total carotenoids (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 19.8 ± 0.5bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.9 ± 0.7cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.7 ± 0.6bA | 18.9 ± 0.7cA | 18.7 ± 0.7cA |
Butter paper | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 18.9 ± 0.7bA | 17.4 ± 0.5bcA | 17.2 ± 0.8cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.6 ± 0.4bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.8 ± 0.4cA | |
Total phenols (mg GAE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 358.4 ± 3.4bA | 281.7 ± 4.8cA | 276.9 ± 7.4cA | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 380.2 ± 7.4bA | 298.2 ± 8.1cA | 286.5 ± 5.7cA |
Butter paper | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 342.4 ± 4.5bB | 271.4 ± 5.5cA | 252.9 ± 8.9dB | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 368.2 ± 8.4bA | 281.4 ± 6.1cB | 278.2 ± 3.9cA | |
Antioxidant activity (mg TE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 147.9 ± 2.3bA | 115.6 ± 2.3cA | 110.7 ± 2.3cA | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 161.6 ± 3.1bA | 126.8 ± 2.8cA | 118.3 ± 3.4dA |
Butter paper | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 132.2 ± 3.3bB | 110.5 ± 2.9cA | 104.9 ± 1.1cB | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 149.7 ± 2.4bB | 117.3 ± 1.5cB | 110.6 ± 2.0dB |
Mean ± standard deviation; n = 3; values with different uppercase alphabetical letters column wise and lowercase alphabetical letters row wise differ significantly (P < 0.05) within the packaging material and storage period, respectively.
Influence of storage on physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of pumpkin bars
Temperature . | Room temperature . | Refrigerated temperature . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage period (months) . | Packaging materials . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . |
Physicochemical analysis | |||||||||
Moisture (%) | Laminated foil | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.1 ± 0.5bA | 17.9 ± 0.5aA | 18.1 ± 0.4aB | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.5 ± 0.3aA | 14.9 ± 0.6abA | 14.0 ± 0.6bA |
Butter paper | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.5 ± 0.5bA | 18.2 ± 0.6aA | 19.3 ± 0.6aA | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.0 ± 0.5abA | 14.9 ± 0.5abA | 13.9 ± 0.429bA | |
Water activity (%) | Laminated foil | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.72 ± 0.02aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.04aA | 0.70 ± 0.03aA | 0.69 ± 0.02aA |
Butter paper | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.04aA | 0.76 ± 0.04aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.03aA | 0.70 ± 0.02aA | 0.69 ± 0.04aA | |
Titratable acidity (% citric acid) | Laminated foil | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.2 ± 0.0aB | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.0 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aB | 1.1 ± 0.0aA |
Butter paper | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.3 ± 0.0aA | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aA | 1.2 ± 0.0aA | |
Total sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 46.5 ± 1.4bB | 67.9 ± 2.4aA | 69.2 ± 1.9aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.7 ± 1.3bA | 60.9 ± 1.8aB | 62.1 ± 1.0aB |
Butter paper | 42.2 ± 1.2cA | 50.1 ± 1.1bA | 69.9 ± 2.1aA | 71.6 ± 2.7aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.8 ± 1.3bA | 66.8 ± 2.0aA | 67.8 ± 2.2aA | |
Reducing sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 24.9 ± 0.5bB | 37.4 ± 1.0aA | 38.5 ± 0.9aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 25.1 ± 0.7bA | 26.2 ± 0.5bB | 28.9 ± 1.3aA |
Butter paper | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 27.7 ± 0.9bA | 38.2 ± 1.2aA | 40.1 ± 1.2aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 26.2 ± 0.6bA | 28.2 ± 0.9bA | 31.0 ± 0.9aA | |
Phytochemical analysis | |||||||||
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.5 ± 0.4abA | 9.8 ± 0.3bA | 8.2 ± 0.4cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.7 ± 0.4aA | 10.2 ± 0.3abA | 9.4 ± 0.3cA |
Butter paper | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.3 ± 0.4abA | 9.6 ± 0.4bA | 7.9 ± 0.3cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.6 ± 0.5aA | 9.9 ± 0.3aA | 8.7 ± 0.3bB | |
Total carotenoids (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 19.8 ± 0.5bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.9 ± 0.7cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.7 ± 0.6bA | 18.9 ± 0.7cA | 18.7 ± 0.7cA |
Butter paper | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 18.9 ± 0.7bA | 17.4 ± 0.5bcA | 17.2 ± 0.8cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.6 ± 0.4bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.8 ± 0.4cA | |
Total phenols (mg GAE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 358.4 ± 3.4bA | 281.7 ± 4.8cA | 276.9 ± 7.4cA | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 380.2 ± 7.4bA | 298.2 ± 8.1cA | 286.5 ± 5.7cA |
Butter paper | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 342.4 ± 4.5bB | 271.4 ± 5.5cA | 252.9 ± 8.9dB | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 368.2 ± 8.4bA | 281.4 ± 6.1cB | 278.2 ± 3.9cA | |
Antioxidant activity (mg TE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 147.9 ± 2.3bA | 115.6 ± 2.3cA | 110.7 ± 2.3cA | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 161.6 ± 3.1bA | 126.8 ± 2.8cA | 118.3 ± 3.4dA |
Butter paper | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 132.2 ± 3.3bB | 110.5 ± 2.9cA | 104.9 ± 1.1cB | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 149.7 ± 2.4bB | 117.3 ± 1.5cB | 110.6 ± 2.0dB |
Temperature . | Room temperature . | Refrigerated temperature . | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage period (months) . | Packaging materials . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . | 0 . | 2 . | 4 . | 6 . |
Physicochemical analysis | |||||||||
Moisture (%) | Laminated foil | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.1 ± 0.5bA | 17.9 ± 0.5aA | 18.1 ± 0.4aB | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.5 ± 0.3aA | 14.9 ± 0.6abA | 14.0 ± 0.6bA |
Butter paper | 15.9 ± 0.4bA | 16.5 ± 0.5bA | 18.2 ± 0.6aA | 19.3 ± 0.6aA | 15.9 ± 0.4aA | 15.0 ± 0.5abA | 14.9 ± 0.5abA | 13.9 ± 0.429bA | |
Water activity (%) | Laminated foil | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.72 ± 0.02aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.04aA | 0.70 ± 0.03aA | 0.69 ± 0.02aA |
Butter paper | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.73 ± 0.02aA | 0.75 ± 0.04aA | 0.76 ± 0.04aA | 0.73 ± 0.03aA | 0.71 ± 0.03aA | 0.70 ± 0.02aA | 0.69 ± 0.04aA | |
Titratable acidity (% citric acid) | Laminated foil | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.2 ± 0.0aB | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.0 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aB | 1.1 ± 0.0aA |
Butter paper | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.3 ± 0.0aA | 0.9 ± 0.0cA | 1.1 ± 0.0bA | 1.1 ± 0.0aA | 1.2 ± 0.0aA | |
Total sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 46.5 ± 1.4bB | 67.9 ± 2.4aA | 69.2 ± 1.9aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.7 ± 1.3bA | 60.9 ± 1.8aB | 62.1 ± 1.0aB |
Butter paper | 42.2 ± 1.2cA | 50.1 ± 1.1bA | 69.9 ± 2.1aA | 71.6 ± 2.7aA | 42.2 ± 1.2bA | 44.8 ± 1.3bA | 66.8 ± 2.0aA | 67.8 ± 2.2aA | |
Reducing sugars (%) | Laminated foil | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 24.9 ± 0.5bB | 37.4 ± 1.0aA | 38.5 ± 0.9aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 25.1 ± 0.7bA | 26.2 ± 0.5bB | 28.9 ± 1.3aA |
Butter paper | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 27.7 ± 0.9bA | 38.2 ± 1.2aA | 40.1 ± 1.2aA | 12.5 ± 0.7cA | 26.2 ± 0.6bA | 28.2 ± 0.9bA | 31.0 ± 0.9aA | |
Phytochemical analysis | |||||||||
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.5 ± 0.4abA | 9.8 ± 0.3bA | 8.2 ± 0.4cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.7 ± 0.4aA | 10.2 ± 0.3abA | 9.4 ± 0.3cA |
Butter paper | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.3 ± 0.4abA | 9.6 ± 0.4bA | 7.9 ± 0.3cA | 10.9 ± 0.5aA | 10.6 ± 0.5aA | 9.9 ± 0.3aA | 8.7 ± 0.3bB | |
Total carotenoids (mg/100 g) | Laminated foil | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 19.8 ± 0.5bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.9 ± 0.7cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.7 ± 0.6bA | 18.9 ± 0.7cA | 18.7 ± 0.7cA |
Butter paper | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 18.9 ± 0.7bA | 17.4 ± 0.5bcA | 17.2 ± 0.8cA | 22.6 ± 0.5aA | 20.6 ± 0.4bA | 18.0 ± 0.4cA | 17.8 ± 0.4cA | |
Total phenols (mg GAE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 358.4 ± 3.4bA | 281.7 ± 4.8cA | 276.9 ± 7.4cA | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 380.2 ± 7.4bA | 298.2 ± 8.1cA | 286.5 ± 5.7cA |
Butter paper | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 342.4 ± 4.5bB | 271.4 ± 5.5cA | 252.9 ± 8.9dB | 484.6 ± 7.9aA | 368.2 ± 8.4bA | 281.4 ± 6.1cB | 278.2 ± 3.9cA | |
Antioxidant activity (mg TE/100 g) | Laminated foil | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 147.9 ± 2.3bA | 115.6 ± 2.3cA | 110.7 ± 2.3cA | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 161.6 ± 3.1bA | 126.8 ± 2.8cA | 118.3 ± 3.4dA |
Butter paper | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 132.2 ± 3.3bB | 110.5 ± 2.9cA | 104.9 ± 1.1cB | 174.9 ± 3.5aA | 149.7 ± 2.4bB | 117.3 ± 1.5cB | 110.6 ± 2.0dB |
Mean ± standard deviation; n = 3; values with different uppercase alphabetical letters column wise and lowercase alphabetical letters row wise differ significantly (P < 0.05) within the packaging material and storage period, respectively.
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